To clarify the basic characteristics of the complete chloroplast genome of Syringa villosa subsp. wolfii， the sequence information of chloroplast genome was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology， and its systematic evolution position was discussed. The results showed that：（1）The total length of the S. villosa subsp. wolfii chloroplast genome was 156 517 bp， which had a typical tetrad structure and had 131 functional genes， including 36 tRNA genes， 8 rRNA genes and 87 protein-coding genes respectively. （2）The relative synonymous codon usage（RSCU） analysis of the protein-coding region of the chloroplast genome showed that there were 31 codons with RSCU>1， of which 21 ended with A/U base； and there were 34 codons with RSCU<1， including 22 codons ending with G/C base. （3）In the chloroplast genome of S. villosa subsp. wolfii， 334 scattered repeats were detected， including 170 forward repeats and 164 palindromic repeats， and 227 SSR loci were discovered， and PCR primers were designed successfully for 226 of these loci. （4）Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the maximum likelihood method showed that S. villosa subsp. wolfii was the most closely to the S. yunnanensis. In this study， repeated sequences， IR boundaries and phylogeny of chloroplast genome of S. villosa subsp. wolfii were analyzed to provide reference data for molecular markers， phylogenetic classification， species identification and evaluation and DNA barcode development.
In order to clarify the potential functions of bZIP transcription factor family members in Macadamia integrifolia under stress response， MibZIP1 was cloned from ‘Guire 1’ fruit. Combined with the analysis of transcription factor structure and expression patterns under different treatments， it was found that the full length of MibZIP1 was 1 157 bp， and the ORF was 927 bp， and encoded 308 aa，and had a typical bZIP Superfamily domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MibZIP1， TsbZIP60 and NnbZIP60 were closely related. The results of tissue expression analysis showed that MibZIP1 expression was the lowest in leaves of ‘Guire 1’ and the highest in branches of ‘695’. The expression of MibZIP1 was significantly up-regulated in ‘Guire 1’ leaves treated by zeatin， salicylic acid， ethephon and abscisic acid respectively， but was unchanged treated by gibberellin and hydrogen peroxide respectively. It was speculated that MibZIP1 was related to the stress tolerance of M. integrifolia， which provided theoretical guidance for the development of new cultivation and hormone regulation techniques.
Sequence variation and gene composition of chloroplast genome could effectively reflect the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships among plants. In this study， DNA libraries were prepared and sequenced by the Illumina HiSeq， chloroplast genomes of five species of Parnassia and allied genera were assembled respectively， and the structural characteristics， sequence genetic variation and codon preference of protein coding genes of Parnassia chloroplast genome with related species were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the chloroplast genome of Parnassia was conserved tetrad structure， and pseudogenization of several genes were found in P. palustris， but the chloroplast gene composition of other species was the same， encoding 115 genes. Compared with the relative species， the intron of rpl16 gene were lost in all species of Parnassia. The ratio of nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rate of protein coding genes was low， and chloroplast genes might experience purification selection. Codon preference was consistent with the phylogenetic relationship shown by protein coding sequences. This study reveals that selection pressure may play an important role in the evolution of protein-coding genes in the chloroplast genome of Parnassia， which could enhance the understanding about evolution and adaptation of this genus.
In order to clarify the characteristics and sequences variation of the chloroplast genome of Yucca， a comparative genomics of the chloroplasts was performed， and a phylogenetic tree based on the chloroplast genome was constructed. The chloroplast genome of Y. treculeana was obtained by high-throughput sequencing technology， and combined with the published chloroplast genome of Yucca， the chloroplast genomes of six species of Yucca were studied by comparative genomics， including basic structure， SSR， boundary contraction and expansion， sequence variation and phylogenetic analysis respectively. The results showed that the chloroplast genome size， gene type and number of the six Yucca species were similar， and the interspecific genome structure was conserved. Several repeated sequences were detected in the chloroplast genome of Yucca， among which SSR loci were mostly composed of mononucleotide， dinucleotide and tetranucleotide， and preferred A and T bases. Three regions with high variation（psbK-psbl-trnS-GCU， rpl20-rps12 and ccsA-ndhD） were identified from the chloroplast genomes of six Yucca species according to the nucleic acid polymorphism index（π）≥0.008. The phylogenetic relationships constructed from the chloroplast genome and LSC+SSC region sequences were basically consistent， and the phylogenetic relationships among six Yucca species were confirmed， among which Y. treculeana and Y. queretaroensis were most closely related. The sequencing obtained Y. treculeana chloroplast genome， revealed the genome characteristics and sequence variation of six Yucca species， and clarified the relatedness among various species. The results could provide reference for subsequent molecular marker development and phylogenetic research.
As a kind of medicinal herb， Sanicula rubriflora F. Schmidt is easily confused with other medicinal plants of the same genus after drying and interspecific relationship is controversial. The structure and characteristics of the chloroplast genome of S. rubriflora were reported for the first time， the sequencing data was spliced and annotated using bioinformatics methods， and the chloroplast genome structure and phylogeny were further analyzed. The length of the chloroplast genome sequence of S. rubriflora was 155 721 bp， including a large single copy region（LSC） of 85 981 bp and a small single copy region（SSC） of 17 060 bp， and were separated by inverted repeat sequence（IRs） of 26 340 bp. The GC content of the chloroplast genome of S. rubriflora was 38.20% and contained 129 genes， 84 protein-coding genes， 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes respectively. The chloroplast genome structure of S. rubriflora was highly conservative. The coding genes contained a total of 51 907 codons， with 5 095 leucine and 689 tryptophan. Simple repeated sequence analysis revealed a total of 32 sites， and most of them were single base repeat A/T type. The clustering results of the chloroplast genome supported that the subfamily Hydrocotyloideae was a relatively primitive group in the Umbelliferae family. The subfamily Saniculoideae and Apioideae were sister groups， which were the more close relationship of the Umbelliferae. Sanicula was a relatively natural group. S. rubriflora and S. flavovirens were related sister species， but their morphology and geographical distribution were quite different. The results provid a basis for the interspecies identification of the genus Sanicula and lay the foundation for further study of its phylogenetic relationship and interspecies evolution.
In order to cultivate rice varieties resistant to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae， Rhizoctonia solani， Magnaporthe oryzae and Fusarium fujikuroi， the method of mining resistance genes is an important way to select resistant varieties. RT-PCR method was used to clone the LcWRKY40 gene （MN187915） from the leaves of Leymus chinensis. The result showed that the CDS was 1 053 bp in length and encoded 350 amino acids with a molecular weight of 38.1 kDa. The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that the primary structure of LcWRKY40 contained WRKY domain， zinc finger protein domain and nuclear localization sequence. Phylogenetic tree construction and motif analysis showed that the phylogenetic relationship between LcWRKY40 and HvWRKY38 was closed. The results of subcellular localization in tobacco showed that the LcWRKY40 protein was located in the nucleus， verified by the software prediction. qRT-PCR tissue specific expression analysis showed that LcWRKY40 gene was expressed in root， stem， leaf， leaf sheath， Lemma and anther of Leymus chinensis respectively， but the expression level was the highest in leaf but the lowest in Lemma. Transgenic LcWRKY40 tobacco plants and wild-type tobacco plants were inoculated with X. oryzae pv. Oryzae， R. solani， M. oryzae and F. fujikuroi， respectively， which showed that transgenic LcWRKY40 tobacco plants could alleviate the four pathogens in different degrees， and showed high resistance to M. oryzae and F. fujikuroi. Therefore， it was speculated that LcWRKY40 protein played a key regulatory role in signal pathways such as resisting disease stress and improved the resistance of plant pathogens， which layed a molecular foundation for the study of LcWRKY40 function and abiotic stress.
APC/C is an E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex that is involved in regulating cell-cycle progression. In order to reveal the function of the APC/C complex in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin（TKS）， TkAPC10 was identified， and its expression pattern was analyzed to preliminarily determine its function in this study. The ORF of TkAPC10 was 579 bp， encoding 192 amino acids. Its genomic DNA sequence was 1 092 bp， contained 6 exons and 5 introns. Genome analysis showed that TkAPC10 was a single copy in TKS genome. In addition to the TATA-box and CAAT-box enhancer elements， TkAPC10 promoter contained cis-acting elements related to ABA， JA， light， and stress response. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that APC10 from different species showed high homology. The similarity between TKAPC10 and lettuce LsAPC10 was up to 99%， and the similarity to APC10 from other Compositae plants was also over 95%. The expression pattern of TKAPC10 was analyzed by qRT-PCR， and the results indicated that TKAPC10 expression in the tissues with vigorous cell division（such as flowers， leaves and roots） was significantly higher than that with relatively slower cell division （such as pedicel）. Under exogenous ABA treatment， the transcript level of TKAPC10 was obviously decreased， while it was significantly increased after MeJA and ET treatments. Under PEG6000 and mannitol treatments， the expression of TKAPC10 was obviously decreased， but its expression was markedly induced by salt stress treatment. The results in this study suggested that TKAPC10 was involved in the regulation of cell division， hormone signaling and abiotic stress response in TKS.
The whole chloroplast genome of Sphaerophysa salsula was sequenced and assembled based on Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform. The assembly result indicated that the whole chloroplast genome of S. salsula had a total length of 123 327 bp， with a loss of IR region. The chloroplast genome encoded a total of 108 genes， including 74 protein-coding genes， 4 rRNA genes and 30 tRNA genes. and 99 SSR loci were found， and among them the number of mononucleotide， dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeat motifs was 75， 17 and 7， respectively. The phylogenetic analysis results showed that S. salsula and Alhagi sparsifolia were sister species， which had the closest genetic relationship. The results would lay the foundation for the genetic diversity， population genetic structure and speciation mechanism of S. salsula in the future.
Low temperature is a kind of abiotic stress in the growth process of Hemerocallis fulva. The transcriptome data of Hemerocallis fulva leaves under cold treatment groups （10， 5， 0 ℃） and control group （15℃） was compared， and a total of 2 457 DEGs were screened， including 1 253 up-regulated genes and 1 204 down-regulated genes. The results showed that differentially expressed genes（DEGs） were mainly concentrated in 49 GO processes such as cellular process， metabolic process and catalytic activity， and 42 KEGG metabolic pathways， including metabolic pathways， biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and plant hormone signal transduction. Among them， the DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction pathway changed in varying degrees， GH3.10 gene was increased to 13.624 times higher than the control group， IAA1 gene was down-regulated to 0.120 times； the DEGs involved in soluble sugar synthesis pathway also changed by 0.076-28.114 times. Then， 29 DEGs shared by treatment groups were analyzed by heat map and gene regulation networks. Based on the position of genes in gene regulation networks， the roles of ABCF5， OFPs and SWEETs in response to cold were analyzed respectively. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the key genes of low temperature response， germplasm development and molecular breeding of Hemerocallis fulva.
To investigate the role of WRKY transcription factors（TFs） in sensing saline-alkali stress signals and maintaining their tolerance function through physiological and biochemical regulatory pathways， and the WRKY42 gene of Amorpha fruticosa was cloned and the expression pattern in response to salt（NaCl） and alkali（NaHCO3） stress and tissue organs was analyzed， and the salinity tolerance function was also studied its by overexpression in tobacco. In this study， the AfWRKY42 gene was cloned based on transcriptome sequencing data of A. fruticosa L. under stress. Bioinformatics analysis showed that AfWRKY42 contained a WRKY structural domain， two low-complexity regions and a helix region. Phylogenetic tree analysis of amino acids revealed that AfWRKY42 was most closely related to WRKY47 of Cajanus cajan and WRKY42 of Mucuna pruriens. The localization of AfWRKY42 protein in mesophyll protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana was confirmed in nucleus by a transient gene expression system. Quantitative analysis of AfWRKY42 gene showed the highest expression in the shoot epidermis of Sophora japonica. Detection of expression patterns in roots and leaves treated with NaCl and NaHCO3 showed an overall increasing trend induced by it， suggesting that overall stress induced an increase in AfWRKY42 gene expression， and AfWRKY42 gene was associated with the regulation of salinity tolerance in plants. Analysis of salinity tolerance in 35S-initiated overexpressing T3 generation of tobacco lines transgenic for AfWRKY42 gene showed that the transgenic tobacco lines showed increased resistance after salinity stress treatment， it had higher chlorophyll and electrical conductivity and significantly lower malondialdehyde content than the wild type， indicating that AfWRKY42 played an important regulatory role in response to salinity stress. It would provide a WRKY transcription factor candidate gene for salinity resistance breeding and lay the foundation for improving the resistance of A. fruticosa and other plants.
To investigate the potential function of ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolases（UCHs） in the ubiquitination process of laticiferous of Hevea brasiliensis， the full-length sequences of two UCHs family members（HbUCH-L3 and HbUCH-L5） were isolated from Hevea brasiliensis， and both had typical UCHs domains. The open reading frame of HbUCH-L3 and HbUCH-L5 were 993 bp and 558 bp， and encoded 330 and 185 amino acids， respectively. The results of qRT-PCR showed that HbUCH-L3 and HbUCH-L5 were constitutively expressed in all tissues， but was low in latex. In vitro ubiquitination substrates cleavage of recombinant HbUCHs showed that both HbUCH-L3 and HbUCH-L5 had the function of hydrolyzing ubiquitin. HbUCHs significantly reduced the overall ubiquitination level of C-serum proteins； while， the deubiquitinating activity of HbUCH-L3 was higher than that of HbUCH-L5. Therefore， it was speculated that UCHs played a role in maintaining the dynamic balance of laticiferous ubiquitination and thus played a specific biological function， but the exact mechanism was still unclear.
To explore the role of SSR1 gene encoding a functionally unknown mitochondrial protein of Arabidopsis thaliana in plant growth and stress response， ssr1-2 and its suppressor mutants EMS143 and EMS145 were used to track the growth of their roots and aboveground parts， as well as their proline sensitivity and iron homeostasis， and the effects of ssr1-2 short root phenotype on aboveground growth of seedlings were analyzed by micrografting. The results showed that the primary root length of ssr1-2 was shorter and the root architecture was similar to the fibrous root system. The growth of their shoots was also retarded， but appeared considerably later than the short-root phenotype. The results of micrografting revealed that the roots of ssr1-2 could restrict the growth of the wild-type shoots and， and conversely， the shoot of ssr1-2 could also affect the growth of the wild-type roots， but the former had a bigger effect. ssr1-2 showed a hypersensitive phenotype to proline in seed germination， root length and leaf chlorophyll content. In addition， ssr1-2 appeared insensitive to Fe nutrition， that was， the stimulating effect of Fe salt on seedling growth was significantly less than that of wild-type WS， indicating a significant decrease in its ability to utilize Fe. The results suggested that SSR1 might be involved in the regulation of A. thaliana root growth by affecting the utilization of iron nutrient， implying that the impairment of the mitochondrial iron utilization machinery might contribute significantly to the enhanced inhibitory effect of proline on plant growth and development.
In order to explore the role of WALLS ARE THIN（WAT1） in wood formation and response to stress in woody plants， bioinformatics tools was used for analysis， and quantitative Real-time PCR（qRT-PCR） was used to investigate the expression patterns of EgrWAT1L and EgrWAT1S in different tissues， internodes and in response to different stresses， and the gene EgrWAT1S and its other transcript EgrWAT1L were cloned from Eucalyptus grandis. The results showed that the EgrWAT1S was highly expressed in phloem， while EgrWAT1L was mainly expressed in roots， and the expression patterns were significantly different under methyl jasmonate（MeJA） and salicylic acid（SA） treatment， salt stress， phosphorus（P） and boron（B） deficiency， and even opposite under MeJA and SA. These results suggested that EgrWAT1L might affect EgrWAT1S expression through transcriptional regulation and further protein translation in response to hormone and stress treatments. The studies provided a basis for further elucidate the function in the growth and development of EgrWAT1 gene and also provided a possibility for future molecular breeding of Eucalyptus.
To investigate the effect of β-amyrin synthase gene（Aeβ-AS） on triterpenoid saponin synthesis of Aralia elata， the Aeβ-AS gene was cloned and genetically transformed into tobacco. The expression difference of Aeβ-AS gene in different parts of transgenic tobacco was analyzed， and the expression levels of Aeβ-AS gene， upstream and downstream key enzyme genes and total triterpene content were detected respectively. The results showed that the plant overexpression vector PROKⅡ-Aeβ-AS was successfully constructed and transferred into wild type tobacco， and seven transgenic lines were obtained and expressed at the mRNA level， and the expression level in leaves was higher than that in roots and stems. In transgenic tobacco， the expression levels of Aeβ-AS gene and its upstream and downstream key enzyme genes were higher than those of wild type， and the relative expression levels of NtFPS and NtSS genes of strain L21 were the highest， and the relative expression levels of NtSE and Aeβ-AS genes of strain L30 were the highest. Compared with wild-type tobacco， the total triterpene content of GM tobacco was significantly increased（1.1-1.6 times）. The results showed that synthesis of Aeβ-AS gene and heterologous transformation in tobacco could significantly increase the total triterpene content in transgenic tobacco.
To clarify the function of FmCCoAOMT gene， the expression pattern of FmCCoAOMT gene was analyzed by qRT-PCR using Fraxinus mandshurica as material in this study. The results showed that FmCCoAOMT gene was tissue specific. The expression level was the highest in the xylem of both female and male perennial plants， and was 9.4 times higher than that in the bark of new shoots in male plants， and was 13.1 times higher than that of leaf in female plants. The leaf disk method was used to obtain transgenic tobacco plants. Compared with the wild type， the lignin content of overexpressing FmCCoAOMT was increased by 41%， while the cellulose and hemicellulose contents were decreased by 32% and 52%， respectively. Tobacco overexpressing FmCCoAOMT after abiotic stress treatment compared to wild type， the activity of POD and SOD increased， the content of MDA decreased， and the content of reactive oxygen decreased after stress treatment. After NaCl treatment， POD activity was 83% higher than that of control group. After NaCl， ABA and mannitol treatments， SOD activity increased by 56.6%， 44.2% and 19.0%， and MDA content decreased by 77.2%， 11.7% and 47.6%， respectively. The results indicated that FmCCoAOMT gene might be involved in lignin synthesis of F. mandshurica， promoted abiotic stress tolerance.
Artemisia dalai-lamae， Artemisia frigida and Artemisia hedinii， the common herbs in arid and semi-arid areas of Northwest China， have the effects of wind prevention and sand fixation， preventing grassland degradation， sterilization and anti-inflammatory， and treating a variety of diseases. The transcriptome of three Artemisia species were sequenced by Illumina method and then 54 268 322， 46 434 864 and 43 971 646 Clean reads were obtained， respectively. SNP and alternative splicing analyses were performed on the sequencing results. Differentially expressed genes were screened from the comparison groups of 6 107（ADL vs AF）， 4 822（ADL vs AH） and 3 755（AF vs AH） respectively. Go enrichment annotated the differentially expressed genes into three categories： biological process， cell component and molecular function. KEGG enrichment annotated the differentially expressed genes into 198， 198 and 197 pathways respectively. The top ten high expressed genes in each group were analyzed. We screened out 25 differentially expressed genes related to the active components of alkaloids，terpenoids and flavonoid. This study provid a scientific basis for species identification， stress resistance research and resource utilization of Artemisia.
To lay a foundation for studying the molecular regulation mechanism of LTP family gene and molecular genetic improvement of Populus davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis， the expression pattern of LTP family genes from P. davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis was analyzed.The protein properties， multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic tree analysis of LTP family members were performed to show their structural features. The P. davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis seedlings treated with gravity， salt and PEG stress respectively were subjected to quantitive real time PCR analysis. The expression patterns of PdbLTP family genes were carried out respectively. Eight PdbLTP genes and two subfamily PdbGLTP genes were obtained， and their CDS lengths were ranged from 294-396 bp. LTP family were hydrophobic proteins and had eight cysteine conserved structures， without transmembrane region. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression patterns of different PdbLTP family genes were different under gravity processing. Expression levels of PdbLTP1， PdbLTP3， PdbLTP5 and PdbLTP7 genes were up-regulated in tension wood compared to those in the normal wood. The transcripts levels of PdbLTP1， PdbLTP2， PdbLTP3， PdbLTP5 genes were abundant in stem. Expression of PdbLTP family genes was induced by salt stress except for PdbLTP5. PdbLTP1， PdbLTP2， PdbLTP3 and PdbLTP5 were up-regulated under drought stress. Different members of PdbLTP gene family play important roles in regulation of xylem development and tolerance to abiotic stress in Populus davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis.
To explore the stress response and regulatory mechanism of NAC transcription factor family members in Populus euphratica， the promoter sequence of PeNAC121 gene was cloned from leaves of Populus euphrachiae by PCR and its structural characteristics were analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The PeNAC121 promoter was used to drive the expression of the GUS reporter gene in the triploid Populus tomentosa， and then GUS staining and enzyme activity quantitative analysis were performed in the obtained transgenic plants after different stress treatments. The cloned promoter sequence of PeNAC121 gene was 1 997 bp（located in the upstream of start codon ATG） in length， included a large number of light-responsive elements， and also contained a number of abiotic stress and phytohormone responsive elements， such as low temperature response element LTR， drought response element MBS， abscisic acid（ABA） response element， as well as gibberellin（GA） response elements， respectively. The result of tissue expression pattern showed that the PeNAC121 gene was mainly expressed in stems of P. euphratica， with low expression in roots and leaves. The results of GUS histochemical staining and enzyme activity test of transgenic plants showed that the PeNAC121 promoter was significantly induced by NaCl， mannitol， ABA and 4 ℃ low temperature respectively. It was speculated from the above results that PeNAC121 gene was closely related to the response to stress. The results showed that the promoter of PeNAC121 gene was an inducible promoter responding to multiple stresses. The study provid a theoretical reference for elucidating the role of PeNAC121 gene in stress response and regulation of P. euphratica.
As one of the three floral pathway integrators， FT（FLOWERING LOCUS T） and its homologous genes were considered to be important genes which related to flowering. In order to clarify the function of FT homologous genes and flowering mechanism of saffron（Crocus sativus L.）， the three reported FT homologous genes， named CsatFT1， CsatFT2 and CsatFT3， were isolated and analyzed. The gDNA contained the ORF with length of 835， 1 642 and 1 132 bp， respectively， and they all had 4 exons and 3 introns. cDNA sequences contained the length of 528， 525 and 540 bp ORF， which encoded 175， 174 and 179 amino acids， respectively. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that CsatFT1， CsatFT2 and CsatFT3 showed relatively close genetic distance with the monocotyledon Narcissus tazetta NtFT， Lilium longiflorum LlFT and Allium cepa AcFT1， respectively. qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression levels of CsatFT1， CsatFT2 and CsatFT3 were the highest in the leaves， followed by the lateral roots， and almost no expressed in daughter corms and primary roots at the early stage of replacement corm enlargement. At the late stage of replacement corm enlargement， the expression levels of CsatFT1， CsatFT2 and CsatFT3 were all high in daughter corms and were almost not detected in terminal buds. During indoor storage stage， the expression levels of CsatFT1， CsatFT2 and CsatFT3 were high in the capital， followed by the leaves， and almost undetectable in the petals and anthers. From the phenotypes of transgenic tobacco and transgenic Arabidopsis plants， the results showed that CsatFT1， CsatFT2 and CsatFT3 could promote the early flowering of plants.
To reveal the role of transcription factor PsnbHLH162 of Populus simonii × P. nigra under abiotic stresses， and to explore the signal transduction process of genes in plants， the signal transduction process of this gene in plants is explored to provide the theoretical basis for the acquisition of excellent stress-resistant tree species in the future. In this experiment， PsnbHLH162 gene was cloned and obtained from P. simonii × P. nigra as material， and the target gene and promoter were analyzed by bioinformatics； and the function of genes in response to abiotic stresses was analyzed by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that the cDNA of PsnbHLH162 gene was 537 bp， and the N-terminal of the gene contained a highly conserved HLH domain， and the encoded protein might be a stable hydrophilic protein without trans-membrane region， localized in the nucleus and had no transcriptional activation activity. The promoter region contained a variety of ABA-responsive， auxin-responsive， light-responsive and circadian elements， confirming that this gene participated in abiotic stress response. The results of fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that under salt stress， the gene expression in root tissue was the highest compared with stem and leaf tissue； under low temperature stress， gene expression in stem tissue was the highest compared with leaf and root tissue. It was found that the expression of PsnbHLH162 could be induced by salt and low temperature in plants.
