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Competition Pattern of Standing Trees in Secondary Pinus Forest in the Ziwuling Mountains, China Shuzhen ZOU, Caijia YIN, Qian YANG, Long MA, Di KANG Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (1): 140-149.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.01.015 Abstract （11519）   HTML （39）    PDF（pc） （3338KB）（2073）       Knowledge map    Save In order to reveal the driving mechanism of competition dynamics and pattern formation in the process of arid forest restoration and succession， the competition and spatial distribution pattern of standing trees in arid forest China were studied， and a typical secondary Pinus tabuliformis forests was investigated in the Ziwuling Mountains， China， and four larger sample sites（0.25 hm2 each） in different developmental stages were selected， according to the method using space instead of time， and some details of population， size， inter-tree competitions and spatial pattern of four sample sites were acquired respectively. The results showed that， in the four communities at different stages of succession， population densities of P. tabulaeformis were 1 476， 996， 800 and 648 per ha2 respectively； population densities of Betula platyphylla were 48， 32， 44 and 16 per ha2 respectively； and population densities of Populus davidiana were 64， 28， 24 and 12 per ha2 respectively. Competition index of main tree specials decreased with succession， and showed P. tabulaeformis>B. platyphylla>P. davidiana. Quantity of small individuals（diameter at breast height from 2-15 cm） decreased obviously； but quantity of large individuals（diameter at breast height larger than 30 cm） increased. In all succession stages， the competitive intensity of P. tabulaeformis decreased with the increase of diameter. The horizontal spatial competition pattern of P. tabulaeformis showed a patchiness distribution. P. tabulaeformis clumped at the scales 0-5 m， and negative correlated with other tress specials at the scales 5-15 m. Quantity of small size Pinus individuals decreased obvious in later developmental stage. Inter-tree competition of P. tabulaeformis was stronger than other tree species， and inter-tree competition decreased in the later developmental stage. The conclusions are as follows： the size of trees are negatively correlated with the competition index； the competition index of P. tabulaeformis is higher than other species； the competition at community scales decline as development， and the quantity and range of the patches with an intense competition decline， but do not disappear yet. Competition and spatial relations are observed within the scales of 5-15 m which are larger than the average crown size of Pinus. The conditions suggest that the range of inter-tree influence could expand indirectly beyond their crown range through unknown methods， which should be further investigated. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fagopyrum densovillosum J. L. Liu, a New Species of Polygonaceae from Sichuan,China LIU Jian-Lin;TANG Yu;XIA Ming-Zhong;SHAO Ji-Rong;CAI Guang-Ze;LUO Qiang;SUN Jun-Xiu Bulletin of Botanical Research    2008, 28 (5): 530-533.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.05.006 Abstract （10736）      PDF（pc） （116KB）（3245）       Knowledge map    Save Fagopyrum densovillosum J. L. Liu, a new species of the polygonaceae from Luojishanzhen, Puge Country, Sichuan Province, China，is described. F. densovillosum is closely related to F. gracilipes (Hemsl.) Damm. et Diels By its from bottom to top foliate stems and branches, axillary and apical Racemes, ovate-triangular or broadly ovate-triangular achenes, but differs in its densely erect-villose plants, thicker stems and branches, densely nodes, shorter internodes, broadly ovate, cordate, broadly cordate, broadly ovate-cordate, ovate, long ovate, triangular-ovate or ovate-triangular and larger leaves,（0.9-）1.7-6 cm long and （0.7-）1.2-5.1 cm wide, thin rugose and small pustulate on the surface, longer petioles (0.5-)2.6-7.5 cm long, smaller achenes 1.8-2.5 mm long and 1.5-2 mm in diameter. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lectotypifications of Twenty Names of Chinese Taxa in Angiospermae LIN Qi;BEI Shu-Qing;LI Hong-Li;CAO Zi-Yu;SUN Qian;SUN Miao;YANG Zhi-Rong Bulletin of Botanical Research    2008, 28 (5): 534-539.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.05.007 Abstract （10218）      PDF（pc） （262KB）（5354）       Knowledge map    Save Based on examinations of type specimens housed at PE, lectotypes for twenty names of Chinese taxa in Angiospermae are here designated under Article 8.1, 9.9, 9.10 and 37.2, Recommendation 9A.2 and 9A.3 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code), because the types were respectively indicated by reference to a gathering that consists of more than one specimen, or more than one gatherings were simultaneously designated as types, or more than one gatherings were simultaneously designated, without indicating the type in the protologue. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Direct Organogenesis and Plantlet Regeneration from Mature Zygotic Embryos of Chinese Pine( Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) KONG Dong-Mei;WAN Ting Bulletin of Botanical Research    2010, 30 (6): 668-673.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2010.06.008 Abstract （10211）      PDF（pc） （421KB）（2479）       Knowledge map    Save Mature zygotic embryos of Chinese pine were cultured as initial explants to investigate the process of direct organogenesis. Adventitious buds were initiated on DCR and MS medium supplemented with 1~5 mg·L -1 benzyladenine (BA) with or without 1~10 mg·L -1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The highest induction frequency of adventitious buds (90%) was obtained on DCR medium containing 1 mg·L -1 BA. Subsequent transfer of buds to plant growth regulator (PGR)-free medium in time was advantageous for elongation of adventitious buds. 1/2DCR medium with 1 mg·L -1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was suitable for adventitious root initiation, on which average rooting frequency was 47.1%. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized in vermiculite and transferred to greenhouse, where they had a survival rate of 86.4% and no morphological abnormalities. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Litterfalls of 6 Major Forest Stands at Maoershan Mountain of Heilongjiang Province ZHANG Dong-Lai;MAO Zi-Jun*;ZHU Sheng-Ying;ZHOU Biao Bulletin of Botanical Research    2008, 28 (1): 104-108.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.01.022 Abstract （10082）      PDF（pc） （180KB）（2534）       Knowledge map    Save The annual litterfall production, composition and decomposition of the litterfall of six typical stands in Maoershan, Heilongjiang Province were studied in this paper. The results are as follows: (1)the annual litter production is in the sequence of Pinus koraiensis (5.62 t·hm -2), Fraxinus mandshurica(5.57 t·hm -2), Pinus sylvestris(5.56 t·hm -2), Quercus mongolica(4.31 t·hm -2), Populus davidiana(4.27 t·hm -2), Larix gmelinii(4.08 t·hm -2); (2) the fall of leaves of six forests occupies a higher percentage in the annual total litterfall than that of other components; (3)decomposition rates of leaf litter in the six forests obvious: Fraxinus mandshurica > Pinus sylvestris > Larix gmelinii > Populus davidiana > Quercus mongolica > Pinus koraiensis.The simulated time spans needed for 95% weight loss of litter in Fraxinus mandshurica, Quercus mongolica, Populus davidiana, Larix gmelinii, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestris stand were 3.5, 8.0, 6.7, 6.6, 8.8 and 4.4 years, respectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Tapping Panel Dryness on Mitochondrial Ultrastructure and ROS Metabolism in Barks of Rubber Tree ( Hevea brasiliensis) Hong YANG, Lifeng WANG, Longjun DAI, Bingbing GUO Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (1): 69-75.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.01.008 Abstract （9729）   HTML （34）    PDF（pc） （1146KB）（801）       Knowledge map    Save In order to elucidate the mechanism of tapping panel dryness（TPD） and effectively control it， the ultrastructure and the expression patterns of reactive oxygen species（ROS）-related genes in barks from healthy（H） and different degrees of TPD trees were studied in this study. The results showed that with the development of TPD， aberrant mitochondrial ultrastructure changed including the loss of the matrix， swelling of cristae， and the cavitation of the inner cavity were observed in barks. The results of qRT-PCR experiments showed that the expression levels of HbPOD2 and HbPOD3 in TPD trees were higher than those in healthy trees， indicating the possibility of these genes being used as “marker” genes to monitor the tapping intensity， the stimulation intensity， and the occurrence of TPD. The gene HbCAT was also down-regulated in TPD trees， indicating that the balance between ROS generation and scavenging may be a key factor in the occurrence of TPD in rubber tree. The expressions of HbGST1， HbGST2， and HbPPO in TPD trees were higher than those in healthy trees， indicating these genes may be associated with in-situ coagulation of latex during TPD occurrence. This study reveals the changes of ultrastructure and the expression patterns of ROS-related genes in rubber tree barks during TPD occurrence. These findings may provide a new perspective for elucidating the mechanism of TPD in rubber tree， and provid theoretical guidance for developing methods for monitoring tapping intensity and stimulation intensity and for developing TPD-related “marker” genes in rubber trees. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Complete Chloroplast Genome Structure and Characterization of Syringa villosa subsp . wolfii Yongchang LU, Xin ZHANG, Luyan ZHANG, Jiuli WANG Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (1): 120-130.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.01.013 Abstract （9252）   HTML （35）    PDF（pc） （5570KB）（5663）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the basic characteristics of the complete chloroplast genome of Syringa villosa subsp. wolfii， the sequence information of chloroplast genome was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology， and its systematic evolution position was discussed. The results showed that：（1）The total length of the S. villosa subsp. wolfii chloroplast genome was 156 517 bp， which had a typical tetrad structure and had 131 functional genes， including 36 tRNA genes， 8 rRNA genes and 87 protein-coding genes respectively. （2）The relative synonymous codon usage（RSCU） analysis of the protein-coding region of the chloroplast genome showed that there were 31 codons with RSCU>1， of which 21 ended with A/U base； and there were 34 codons with RSCU<1， including 22 codons ending with G/C base. （3）In the chloroplast genome of S. villosa subsp. wolfii， 334 scattered repeats were detected， including 170 forward repeats and 164 palindromic repeats， and 227 SSR loci were discovered， and PCR primers were designed successfully for 226 of these loci. （4）Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the maximum likelihood method showed that S. villosa subsp. wolfii was the most closely to the S. yunnanensis. In this study， repeated sequences， IR boundaries and phylogeny of chloroplast genome of S. villosa subsp. wolfii were analyzed to provide reference data for molecular markers， phylogenetic classification， species identification and evaluation and DNA barcode development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and Expression Analysis of CkGR Gene in Caragana korshinskii Kom. ZHANG Teng-Guo, ZHOU Ke, MAO Yu-Shan, NIE Ting-Ting, LI Ping, DIAO Zhi-Hong, WANG Juan Bulletin of Botanical Research    2016, 36 (4): 511-519.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2016.04.005 Abstract （8567）      PDF（pc） （1846KB）（5100）       Knowledge map    Save A novel GR genewas isolated from Caragana korshinskii Kom. by RACE. The full-length cDNA of GR was 2122 bp, containing a 5'-UTR of 57 bp, a 3'-UTR of 415 bp, and a 1650 bp opening reading frame(ORF). The deduced protein was 550 amino acids with molecular weight 59.2 kDa and isoelectric point 8.2, named CkGR. This CkGR showed high identities with the Cicer arietinum CaGR(90.6%). The promoter of CkGR gene was isolated by chromosomal walking and 648 bp sequence was obtained by sequencing. Plant CARE analysis of this sequence showed that the peomoter contained some typical elements CAAT-box and TATA-boxand kinds of Cis-acting elements involved in defense and stress responsiveness. RT-PCR analysis revealed that CkGR was expressed in roofs, stems, and leaves with almost no tissue specificity. The transcript level of CkGR was increased in response to cold, high salt and drought stress. CkGR played an important role during cold, high salt and drought stress in Caragana korshinskii Kom.. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between Anatomical Structures of Populus euphratica and Ecoenvironment WANG Gui-Qin；ZHENG Yu-Hua；HU Ding-Chao Bulletin of Botanical Research    2015, 35 (1): 11-15.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2015.01.003 Abstract （8474）      PDF（pc） （1340KB）（4198）       Knowledge map    Save We used light microscope, scanning electron microscope and histochemical localization techniques to study the relations between secondary vascular tissue and the ecological adaptation of Populus euphratica. P.euphratica has many structural characteristics and tuber member characteristics, which are adapt to ecological environment. The ratio of secondary phloem with developed phloem fiber to secondary xylem is 1/7 in width, and much cells with rich protein distributed in parenchyma. Less vessels in large diameter, with thick wall and multiple-pore distributed in the wood arranged radially, as a result, the tubal complex, mainly multiple-pore, supplemented by tracheid or bundle tracheid, was formed in secondary xylem of P.euphratica’ stem, while the xylem ray remained or evolved into fibrous tracheid. There are mainly pitted vessels in stem, occasionally trapeziform-pitted type, and both type vessels are very short with truncatus and leveled-perforation. The characteristics descripted above can explain the evolution and adaptation of secondary vascular tissue and tuber members of P.euphratica in a specific habitat. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Antibody Preparation and Protein Expression of NdhK in Nostoc flagelliforme GUO Zheng-Hong;WEI Lan-Zhen;WANG Quan-Xi* Bulletin of Botanical Research    2012, 32 (2): 204-207.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2012.02.013 Abstract （8452）      PDF（pc） （814KB）（2568）       Knowledge map    Save Nostoc flagelliforme, a terrestrial cyanobacterium, is distributed in arid and semi-arid steppes of the west and northwest of China. Cyanobacterial NADPH dehydrogenase (NDH-1) is an important photosynthetic membrane protein complex, and is essential to CO 2 uptake, cyclic electron transport around photosystem Ⅰ and cellular respiration. However, little is know about the function roles of NdhK subunit in cyanobacteria. In this study, the ndhK gene was PCR amplified from the N.flagelliforme, and the expression plasmid pET32a- ndhK was generated and transformed into BL21(DE3)pLysS, and the expression of NdhK protein was induced by IPTG. After purification, the fusion protein pET-NdhK was used to immunize Japanese white rabbit to obtain the polyclonal antibody. The titer of the polyclonal antibody was detected and analyzed by Western blotting, the result showed that the polyclonal antibody possessed a high specificity. Therefore, the antibody of NdhK obtained in this study will further help us to reveal the functional roles of cyanobacterial NdhK subunit. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Seed Morphology of Five Genera of Berberidaceae in China ZHANG Jian-Ru, ZENG Ni, CHANG Zhao-Yang Bulletin of Botanical Research    2016, 36 (4): 491-502.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2016.04.003 Abstract （8334）      PDF（pc） （2145KB）（5203）       Knowledge map    Save The seed morphology of 42 taxa(40 species and 2 varieties) in 5 genera( Berberis, Mahonia, Caulophyllum, Dysosma and Diphylleia) of Berberidaceae from China was studied by stereoscope and scanning electron microscope. The study seeds were tawny, reddish brown to black, and diverse in shape. Ornamentation of seed coat was ascribed into four types as reticular(including 7 subtypes), reticular-scalariform, scalariform and ruminate. Seeds of Caulophyllum robustum were sphere and the hilum located on the side of seed near middle, which could be the typical characters distinguished from the other 4 genera. According to the micromorphology of seed coat, systematic and phylogenetic implications of seed coat morphology in Berberidaceae were discussed, and the possible evolutionary route of seed coat ornamentation was conjectured. Seed morphology supported the sister relationship between Berberis and Mahonia, and Dysosma was more original than Diphylleia. Seed morphology of the genus Berberis did not support Ahrendt's treatment of some sections and subsections. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and Expression Analysis of MibZIP1 from Macadamia integrifolia Haiyun SONG, Tao ZHANG, Peng HE, Shufang ZHENG, Lifeng WANG, Wenlin WANG Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (1): 131-139.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.01.014 Abstract （8268）   HTML （28）    PDF（pc） （3902KB）（737）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the potential functions of bZIP transcription factor family members in Macadamia integrifolia under stress response， MibZIP1 was cloned from ‘Guire 1’ fruit. Combined with the analysis of transcription factor structure and expression patterns under different treatments， it was found that the full length of MibZIP1 was 1 157 bp， and the ORF was 927 bp， and encoded 308 aa，and had a typical bZIP Superfamily domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MibZIP1， TsbZIP60 and NnbZIP60 were closely related. The results of tissue expression analysis showed that MibZIP1 expression was the lowest in leaves of ‘Guire 1’ and the highest in branches of ‘695’. The expression of MibZIP1 was significantly up-regulated in ‘Guire 1’ leaves treated by zeatin， salicylic acid， ethephon and abscisic acid respectively， but was unchanged treated by gibberellin and hydrogen peroxide respectively. It was speculated that MibZIP1 was related to the stress tolerance of M. integrifolia， which provided theoretical guidance for the development of new cultivation and hormone regulation techniques. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction methods of microorganisms from phyllosphere ZHOU Yu;QIAO Xiong-Wu;WANG Jing;CUI Zhong-Li;LI Shun-Peng Bulletin of Botanical Research    2006, 26 (2): 233-237.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2006.02.025 Abstract （7874）      PDF（pc） （145KB）（2949）       Knowledge map    Save The extraction methods of microorganisms from the bean’s leaves were investigated and the efficiency of different methods was compared. Results showed that different extraction methods and solvents led to quite different results. By ultrasonic cleaner method, the number of microorganisms increased to a maximum with the time prolonging and then decrease, the most effective treatment time is about four minates. There are no significant difference between sterile water and phosphate buffer. Comparing with ultrasonic cleaner method, extraction efficiency of homogenate method was much higher. The maximum yield of the former was about 7.67×106 cfu/g fresh leaves while the latter was up to 1.12×10 7 cfu/g. The optimal weight of the leaves sample was four to five g. Leaf age influenced the abundance of microbial population significantly, but the leaf age of a sample for a specific purpose still depends on the other factors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Syringin content of Acanthopanax senticosus samples in Heilongjiang different zones measuring by HPLC method ZHANG Yan-Hua;SUN Li-Fu;SHI Wei-Lin;WANG Qi-Chao; Bulletin of Botanical Research    2006, 26 (1): 123-126.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2006.01.025 Abstract （7649）      PDF（pc） （150KB）（2456）       Knowledge map    Save Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim) Harms belongs to Araliaceae, which is a popular plant medicine with lots of bioactive substance around the world. Eleutheroside has many functions, such as resisting weariness and senescence, restraining tumor growth etc. Syringin is a main component of eleutheroside. Ultrasonic extraction method with 1.5 hour, sixty percent carbinol liquor as extractant and 55℃ are the best combination of extraction method. HPLC suitable condition was 266 nm as measuring wavelenghth, carbinol and water(28:72) used as mobile phase, 1 mL·min -1 as velocity of flow, column temperature with 25℃. Syringin content in root and stem were compared and analyzed in similar habitats in Heilongjiang different zones. The results showed that in the seven investigation zones, syringin content of this species was highest in Wuying National Nature Reserve, which grew under Pinus koraiensis original forest, but lowest in Snow Hollow Beauty Spot of Wudalianchi and Miror Lake area of Mudan river. This result would be benefit on gathering many-prickle acanthopanax and selecting the cropping habitats. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide on Contents of Organic Acids and Hormones in Leaves of Avena nuda under Saline-Alkali Stress Jianxin LIU, Ruirui LIU, Xiuli LIU, Xiaobin OU, Haiyan JIA, Ting BU, Na LI Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (1): 76-89.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.01.009 Abstract （7475）   HTML （27）    PDF（pc） （3966KB）（885）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the regulatory effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide（H2S） on the levels of organic acids and hormones in plants under saline-alkali stress， naked oats（Avena nuda） were used as materials to study the effect of spraying 50 μmol·L-1 H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide（NaHS） solution on the contents of organic acids and hormones in leaves and yield traits under 3.00 g·kg-1 saline-alkali stress. The results showed that saline-alkali stress significantly increased the contents of succinic acid， butenedioic acid， malic acid， glucuronic acid and total organic acids， respectively， but significantly decreased the contents of pyroglutamic acid， jasmonoyl-isoleucine（JA-Ile）， trans-zeatin（tZ） and N6-（Δ2-Isopentenyl） adenine（iP） in leaves respectively. Under saline-alkali stress， spraying NaHS solution significantly increased the contents of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid， indole-3-acetic acid（IAA）， gibberellin A7（GA7）， methyl jasmonate（MJA）， iP and IAA/ABA ratio， respectively， but significantly decreased the contents of glucuronic acid， gibberellin A3（GA3）， gibberellin A4（GA4）， total gibberellins（GAs）， 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid（ACC） and ACC/ABA ratio respectively， while it had no significant effect on the contents of succinic acid， butenedioic acid， malic acid， citric acid， malonic acid， pantothenic acid， nicotinic acid， pyroglutamic acid， suberic acid， phenylpyruvic acid， total organic acids， gibberellin A1（GA1）， jasmonic acid（JA）， JA-Ile， abscisic acid（ABA）， tZ， trans-zeatin-riboside（tZR）， N6-（Δ2-isopentenyl） adenosine（iPA）， total jasmonic acids（JAs）， cytokinin（CTK） and the ratios of GAs/ABA， JAs/ABA and CTK/ABA respectively. The principal component analysis showed that spraying NaHS solution significantly increased the contents of organic acid 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and hormones MJA， GA7， tZ and IAA in leaves of naked oat under saline-alkali stress by 14.31%， 41.83%， 50.00%， 22.97% and 13.02%， respectively； while the contents of organic acids nicotinic acid， glucuronic acid and hormones GA4， ACC， tZR and GA3 were significantly decreased by 16.00%， 23.87%， 73.53%， 32.72%， 50.00% and 33.91%， respectively. In addition， the application of NaHS solution reduced the 1 000 grain weight of naked oat under saline-alkali stress by 5.91%， while spike number， boll number per spike， spike grain numbers and grain yield were increased by 2.19%， 9.70%， 61.60% and 52.83%， respectively. These results indicated that exogenous H2S participates in the regulation of organic acid and hormone levels of naked oat under salt-alkali stress， which could enhance the ability of naked oat to adapt to salt-alkali stress. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Morphology of the Tepal Epidermis in Illiciales WU Zhi-Rong;LIN Qi* Bulletin of Botanical Research    2008, 28 (2): 155-167.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.02.008 Abstract （7269）      PDF（pc） （989KB）（2594）       Knowledge map    Save The tepal epidermis of 20 samples,representing 11 species within Illicium Linn.(Illiciaceae),15 samples of 8 species belonging to Kadsura Kaempf. ex Juss.(Schisandraceae),and 17 samples of 6 species in Schisandra Michaux. (Schisandraceae),were investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Several characters of tepal epidermis of the three genera in Illiciales,such as patterns of epidermal cells,shapes and distributing of secretory cells,types and distributing of stomatal apparatus,and cuticular ornamentations,were reported for the first time. Two new characters,stomata cluster and cyclotytic stomata,are introduced. The previous studies reported the correlations between the character of outer stomatal rims on leaf epidermis and the habit in Illiciales: single outer stomatal rims occured in deciduous species and double ones only in evergreen species. In this study,all the outer stomatal rims on tepal epidermis in Illiciales are single,different from those on leaf epidermis. Therefore,it is considered that the outer stomatal rims on tepal epidermis and the outer stomatal rims on leaf epidermis are not interrelated. Neither is the latter nor the habit. The characters of tepal epidermis are constant whether the tepals grow in bisexual,male or female flowers,which means this character does not relate with flower sex. Comparing the characters of tepal epidermis among Illicium, Kadsura and Schisandra,it is indicated that Schisandra has more derived characters than Kadsura,and so does Kadsura than Illicium. Additionaly,the similarity,of tepal epidermis between Kadsura and Schisandra,is greater than that between Kadsura and Illicium. Therefore,it seems reasonable to establish Schisandraceae including genera Kadsura and Schisandra,and Illiciaceae only containing the single genus Illicium. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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SEM Observation on the Pollen Grains of Ten Species in Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae) CAI Xiu-Zhen;LIU Ke-Ming*;CONG Yi-Yan;CHEN Wei Bulletin of Botanical Research    2007, 27 (3): 279-283.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.03.006 Abstract （7018）      PDF（pc） （353KB）（2469）       Knowledge map    Save In the present study, the pollen morphology of 10 species in Impatiens L. has been examined under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). In these species, the pollen grains are long-elliptic, goniotreme, reticulate exine ornamentation. The size of pollen grains ranges from 20.3 to 46.7 μm in diameter. Based on the exine ornamentation differentiation, pollen grains are distinctly divided into two types. One is that reticulations have no (or few) granule such as Impatiens siculifer and I. wuyuanensis, the other is that granules are obvious including the other eight species. The results showed that the species of Impatiens can be classified on the basis of the pollen morphology, especially the granule characters of exine ornamentation. The exine sculptures are different among different species and therefore can provide some proof for identification of some species in Impatiens. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on Plant Genes Involved in Biosynthetic Pathway of Anthocyanins SHI Shao-Chuan;GAO Yi-Ke*;ZHANG Xiu-Hai;SUN Jia-Qi;ZHAO Ling-Li;WANG Ye Bulletin of Botanical Research    2011, 31 (5): 633-640.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2011.05.020 Abstract （6953）      PDF（pc） （1555KB）（2686）       Knowledge map    Save Anthocyanins, responsible for a series of flower color changes from red to blue in most plants, are the principal pigment in flowers with important nutritional and medical usages. At present, the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins is understood continuously, and many enzymes and genes are obtained. A lot of new transgenic plants with commercial values have been created. In this paper, the current advances in research of key genes in the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins are briefly reviewed and the progress on the application of these genes in plant genetic engineering is discussed. Prospectives of the study on the anthocyanins genes are elucidated in the end. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Seed Morphology of the Genus Illicium Linn.(Illiciaceae) LIN Qi;LI Chao;LIU Chang-Jiang;YANG Zhi-Rong Bulletin of Botanical Research    2007, 27 (2): 145-150.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.02.007 Abstract （6871）      PDF（pc） （241KB）（2476）       Knowledge map    Save The seeds of 15 species (33 samples) of the genus Illicium Linn. were observed under light microscope and scanning electron microscope, and described. The results indicate that Illicium seeds are obovoid, rarely ellipsoid or ovoid, flattened. Exotesta is stone-hard, mesotesta coriaceous, endotesta membranaceous. Exotesta is yellowish, egg-yellow to orange-brown with invariably smooth and lucidly ceraceous layer, without testa ornaments found. Seed has a raised longitudinal ridge (raphe) at the ventral surface extending from the hilum to the top. Hilum locates at the bottom, near ventral surface of seed, or at the bottom of seed, ovate or elliptic, depressed. Embryo minute, endosperm copious, oily. The most features of seed surfaces among the species of Illicium are similar and constant, which supports that the genus should be relatively natural monophyletic group. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Photosynthetic Capacity Differentiation and Gene Transcription in Different Geographical Populations of Arabidopsis thaliana under Common Garden conditions Mengshuo LI, Yingze LIU, Huan LU, Sheng QIANG Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (1): 90-99.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.01.010 Abstract （6802）   HTML （25）    PDF（pc） （1584KB）（1027）       Knowledge map    Save Photosynthesis is a basic metabolism process for plants and provides the material basis for plant growth and development. Different environmental conditions determine the polymorphism of plant photosynthetic capacity， but the mechanisms regulating the divergence of photosynthetic capacity among different populations under the same environmental conditions remain still unknown. This study aims to reveal the divergence of photosynthetic capacity in different geographical populations of Arabidopsis thaliana in Europe under common garden conditions and the mechanisms of their gene transcriptional regulation. A comparative study of photosynthetic characteristics of 23 geographic A. thaliana（Arabidopsis） populations from different regions was conducted under common garden conditions by determining the gas exchange parameters， chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and SPAD values. In addition， the photosynthetic-related gene expressions of the typical populations with differences in photosynthetic capacity was examined using real-time quantitative PCR（RT-qPCR）. The comparative result revealed that gas exchange parameters differed significantly among geographical populations of Arabidopsis from different climatic zones in Europe. The variation range of net photosynthetic rate was 2-11 μmol·m-2·s-1.while chlorophyll fluorescence parameters varied to a lesser extent， the variation range was almost no more than 10%. Cluster analysis showed that the 23 Arabidopsis populations were divided into two groups， strong and weak photosynthetic ability respectively. The populations with strong photosynthetic capacity were mainly distributed in central and western Europe， and the average net photosynthetic rate was 7.37 μmol·m-2·s-1. The populations with weak photosynthetic capacity were mainly distributed in eastern and southern Europe with an average net photosynthetic rate of 4.46 μmol·m-2·s-1. Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between net photosynthetic rate， water use efficiency and SPAD. The results of redundancy analysis（RDA） suggested that the divergence of photosynthetic capacity in Arabidopsis might be related to environmental factors such as temperature and rainfall during the growing season in the region. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of PSⅡ- and Rubisco-related genes were significantly higher in En-D and Stw-0， typical populations with strong photosynthetic capacity， than in Wa-1 and Per-1， typical populations with weak photosynthetic capacity， suggesting that transcriptional differences in PSⅡ and Rubisco genes could be involved in the regulation of photosynthetic capacity differentiation in populations. The results clarified that there were differences in photosynthetic capacity between geographic populations of Arabidopsis under common gardens， and such differences might be related to the environment of origin and have been inherited to future generations during long-term evolution. In contrast， the transcriptional regulation of PSⅡ and Rubisco-related genes might be involved in the differentiation of photosynthetic capacity in Arabidopsis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics