Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Saxifraga stolonifera

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.04.007

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to better understand the intraspecific diversity of Saxifraga stolonifera and to explore the possibility of its classification， and to provide reference for the resource protection and innovative utilization of S. stolonifera germplasms， 33 traits from 43 populations of S. stolonifera in China were investigated， and the diversity of phenotypic traits was analyzed by numerical trait variation analysis， qualitative trait genetic diversity analysis， correlation analysis， principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that：（1）The coefficient of variation of numerical traits was 0.05-0.67， and the diversity index of qualitative traits was 0.19-1.39， and the distribution pattern of maculation and leaf color diversity were high among populations， and the branch number and the ratio of leaf length to width of stolon were the most unstable and the most stable traits， respectively. （2）The coefficient of variation of numerical and derived traits， and the diversity index of quality traits were generally high， and the contribution rates of each principal component were relatively scattered， so it was unsuitable to classify the species into different taxa only by morphological traits. （3）There were differences in the correlation of different personality traits among populations of S. stolonifera， and significant correlations included leaf length and width， length of long lower petal and length of short lower petal， width of long lower petal and width of short lower petal， respectively. （4）Based on the results of morphological clustering， S. stolonifera in China could be divided into three branches， which exhibited certain regional character. ClusterⅠ was composed of eight Southwest populations， two East China populations， and three Northwest populations； ClusterⅡ consisted of four populations from East China， four populations from Central China， four populations from Southwest China， and one population from Northwest China， so Cluster Ⅱ was widely distributed； Cluster Ⅲ consisted of ten Central China populations， six Southwest populations， and one East China population.

Key words: Saxifraga, numerical taxonomy, morphology, cluster analysis, principal component analysis

CLC Number:

Q949.751.2

Shimei TANG, Anqi HUANG, Zhilin CHEN, Jialin LUO, Xin LI, Yuxuan JIN, Daike TIAN. Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Saxifraga stolonifera[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(4): 540-553.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Table 2

Taxonomic traits and codes of S. stolonifera

编号 No.	性状 Morphology	编码 Code	编码详细情况 Coding details
1	株高Plant height	N	测量值Measured value
2	匍匐茎长Stolon length	N	测量值Measured value
3	匍匐茎粗Stolon thickness	N	测量值Measured value
4	匍匐茎分枝数Stolon branch number	N	测量值Measured value
5	匍匐茎分枝部位Stolon branch position	M	无（1）；上端分枝（2）；下端分枝（3）；上下端分枝（4） None（1）；Upper branch（2）；Lower branch（3）；Upper and lower branch（4）
6	匍匐茎颜色Stolon color	M	绿（1）；红-绿（2）；红（3） Green（1）；Red-green（2）；Red（3）
7	叶柄长Petiole length	N	测量值Measured value
8	叶柄粗Petiole thickness	N	测量值Measured value
9	叶长Leaf length	N	测量值Measured value
10	叶宽Leaf width	N	测量值Measured value
11	叶长宽比Leaf length/width ratio	D	计算值Calculated value
12	叶上表面毛被长度Indumentum length of adaxial leaf surface	M	短（1）；中（2）；长（3） Short（1）；Medium（2）；Long（3）
13	叶上表面毛被颜色Indumentum color of adaxial leaf surface	M	白（1）；红（2） White（1）；Red（2）
14	叶上表面斑纹分布Stripe distribution of adaxial leaf surface	M	无斑（1）；沿叶脉（2）；脉间黑眉状（3）；脉间不规则（4） Spotless（1）；Along veins（2）；Interveinal black eyebrow（3）；Interveinal irregular spots（4）
15	叶上表面主色Main color of adaxial leaf surface	M	浅绿（1）；绿（2）；深绿（3）；紫红（4）；黑褐（5）；银白（6） Light green（1）；Green（2）；Dark green（3）；Purplish red（4）；Darkbrown（5）；Silvery white（6）
16	叶上表面次色Secondary color of adaxial leaf surface	M	无（1）；银白（2）；浅绿（3）；绿（4）；黑褐（5） None（1）；Silvery white（2）；Light green（3）；Green（4）；Dark brown（5）
17	叶下表面颜色Color of abaxial leaf surface	M	绿（1）；粉绿（2）；绿色带红斑（3）；红紫（4） Green（1）；Pink green（2）；Green with red spotted（3）；Red purple（4）
18	花序高度Inflorescence height	N	测量值Measured value
19	小花序轴长Length of secondary inflorescence rachis	N	测量值Measured value
20	小花序轴粗Thickness of secondary inflorescence rachis	N	测量值Measured value
21	上中花瓣长Length of middle upper petal	N	测量值Measured value
22	上中花瓣宽Width of middle upper petal	N	测量值Measured value
23	上中花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of middle upper petal	D	计算值Calculated value
24	上中花瓣斑纹Stripe of middle upper petal	M	无红斑（1）；粉红斑（2）；红斑（3） Without red spots（1）；Pink spotted（2）；Red spotted（3）
25	上中花瓣颜色Color of middle upper petal	M	白（1）；淡粉（2） White（1）；Light pink（2）
26	下长花瓣长Length of long lower petal	N	测量值Measured value
27	下长花瓣宽Width of long lower petal	N	测量值Measured value
28	下长花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of long lower petal	D	计算值Calculated value
29	下短花瓣长Length of short lower petal	N	测量值Measured value
30	下短花瓣宽Width of short lower petal	N	测量值Measured value
31	下短花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of short lower petal	D	计算值Calculated value
32	下长花瓣长/下短花瓣长 Length ratio of long lower petal and short lower petal	D	计算值Calculated value
33	下长花瓣是否具齿Long lower petal dentate or absent	M	无齿（2）；具齿（1） Absent （2）；Dentate （1）

Table 2

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig.3

Fig.4

Table 5

Table 6

The eigenvalue，contribution rate and eigenvector of selected principal components

性状 Trait	主成分Principal component
性状 Trait	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
下长花瓣宽Width of long lower petal	0.85	-0.29	0.01	-0.10	0.19	0.02	0.12	-0.18
下短花瓣宽Width of short lower petal	0.84	-0.34	-0.14	-0.07	0.21	0.15	0.08	-0.11
下短花瓣长Length of short lower petal	0.73	-0.36	0.40	0.19	-0.12	0.14	-0.10	-0.20
下长花瓣长Length of long lower petal	0.65	-0.28	0.58	0.22	-0.11	0.05	0.05	-0.21
叶柄粗Petiole thickness	0.60	0.39	0.06	-0.15	-0.27	-0.24	-0.14	-0.19
小花序轴粗 Thickness of secondary inflorescence rachis	0.59	-0.08	0.06	-0.34	-0.30	-0.44	0.15	0.16
叶上表面次色Secondary color of adaxial leaf surface	0.56	-0.07	0.03	0.51	0.12	-0.06	-0.32	0.42
匍匐茎粗Stolon thickness	0.48	0.42	-0.23	-0.44	-0.16	-0.11	-0.16	-0.04
上中花瓣宽Width of middle upper petal	0.47	-0.39	0.22	-0.19	0.32	0.28	0.30	0.07
叶柄长Petiole length	0.35	0.76	-0.13	0.04	-0.25	0.15	0.04	0.00
叶宽Leaf width	0.48	0.76	0.08	-0.10	0.00	-0.12	-0.09	-0.12
叶长Leaf length	0.51	0.72	0.06	-0.24	0.04	-0.13	-0.16	-0.11
匍匐茎分枝数Stolon branch number	-0.16	0.69	0.22	-0.11	0.38	0.18	-0.22	-0.06
匍匐茎长Stolon length	0.12	0.57	0.33	0.04	0.36	0.49	0.02	0.02
花序高度Inflorescence height	0.33	0.53	0.16	0.18	-0.31	0.15	0.24	0.43
株高Plant height	0.45	0.48	-0.18	0.16	-0.39	0.24	0.29	-0.17
上中花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of middle upper petal	-0.14	0.05	0.84	0.08	-0.14	0.10	-0.16	0.00
上中花瓣长Length of middle upper petal	0.25	-0.28	0.80	-0.08	0.13	0.28	0.11	0.09
下短花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of short lower petal	-0.41	0.04	0.67	0.25	-0.44	-0.02	-0.22	-0.11
下长花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of long lower petal	-0.53	0.10	0.57	0.33	-0.36	0.04	-0.01	0.02
上中花瓣斑纹Stripe of middle upper petal	0.28	-0.17	-0.51	0.43	-0.29	0.23	0.18	-0.13
叶长宽比Leaf length/width ratio	0.18	-0.05	0.04	-0.60	0.25	0.07	-0.34	0.11
叶下表面颜色Color of abaxial surface	-0.19	0.36	-0.15	0.53	0.48	-0.18	0.06	0.17
上中花瓣颜色Color of middle upper petal	0.34	0.02	-0.29	0.49	-0.01	0.16	0.04	-0.13
叶上表面斑纹分布Stripe distribution of adaxial leaf surface	0.45	-0.19	-0.07	0.47	0.16	-0.23	-0.28	0.34
叶上表面毛被长度Indumentum length of adaxial leaf surface	0.09	0.31	0.16	0.47	0.24	-0.42	0.27	-0.25
匍匐茎颜色Stolon color	0.33	-0.01	-0.04	0.44	0.29	0.08	-0.20	-0.05
叶上表面毛被颜色Indumentum color of adaxial leaf surface	-0.12	0.37	-0.08	0.40	0.33	0.05	0.33	-0.06
匍匐茎分枝部位Stolon branch position	0.05	0.27	0.47	-0.33	0.48	-0.22	0.07	-0.08
下长花瓣是否具齿Long lower petal dentate or absent	0.40	-0.23	0.30	0.40	0.04	-0.55	-0.06	-0.12
下长花瓣长/下短花瓣长Length ratio of long lower petal and short lower petal	-0.43	0.32	0.35	0.00	0.06	-0.27	0.46	0.10
叶上表面主色Main color of adaxial leaf surface	0.07	0.33	-0.15	0.34	-0.08	0.18	-0.39	0.15
小花序轴长Length of secondary inflorescence rachis	0.54	0.03	0.16	-0.22	-0.16	-0.03	0.30	0.61
特征值Eigenvalue	4.24	4.20	3.58	2.61	2.47	2.41	2.36	1.98
方差贡献率Variance contribution rate/%	12.85	12.73	10.86	7.90	7.49	7.30	7.16	5.99
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	12.85	25.58	36.44	44.34	51.83	59.13	66.29	72.28

Table 6

Fig.5

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编号 No.	居群 Population	采集地点 Location	编号 No.	居群 Population	采集地点 Location
1	AHFLK	安徽茯苓坑Fulingkeng，Anhui	23	HNBSP**	湖南白石铺Baishipu，Hunan
2	CQFZG	重庆富正沟Fuzhenggou，Chongqing	24	HNGD	湖南桂东Guidong，Hunan
3	CQNC	重庆南川Nanchuan，Chongqing	25	HNHY	湖南花垣Huayuan，Hunan
4	FJSM	福建三明Sanming，Fujian	26	HNLS	湖南龙山Longshan，Hunan
5	GSLT*	甘肃临潭 Lintan，Gansu	27	HNYL1	湖南炎陵Yanling，Hunan
6	GZBJZJ	贵州毕节织金Bijie Zhijin，Guizhou	28	HNYL2	湖南炎陵Yanling，Hunan
7	GZCS	贵州赤水Chishui，Guizhou	29	HNLY	河南洛阳Luoyang，Henan
8	GZGY1	贵州贵阳Guiyang，Guizhou	30	JSNT*	江苏南通Nantong，Jiangsu
9	GZGY2	贵州贵阳Guiyang，Guizhou	31	JSYX*	江苏宜兴Yixing，Jiansu
10	GZGY3	贵州贵阳Guiyang，Guizhou	32	SCEMS1	四川峨眉山Emeishan，Sichuan
11	GZGY4**	贵州贵阳Guiyang，Guizhou	33	SCEMS2	四川峨眉山Emeishan，Sichuan
12	GZLB	贵州荔波Libo，Guizhou	34	SCCN1	四川长宁Changning，Sichuan
13	GZMT	贵州湄潭Meitan，Guizhou	35	SCNJ	四川南江Nanjiang，Sichuan
14	GZZA	贵州正安Zheng’an，Guizhou	36	SHBJ**	上海滨江Binjiang，Shanghai
15	GZZY	贵州遵义Zunyi，Guizhou	37	SXFP	陕西佛坪Foping，Shaanxi
16	HBES	湖北恩施Enshi，Hubei	38	SXXA 1	陕西西安Xi’an，Shaanxi
17	HBFX	湖北房县Fangxian，Hubei	39	SXXA 2	陕西西安Xi’an，Shaanxi
18	HBHG	湖北黄冈Huanggang，Hubei	40	YNPB	云南屏边Pingbian，Yunnan
19	HBSLJ	湖北神农架Shennongjia，Hubei	41	YNMLP	云南麻栗坡Malipo，Yunnan
20	HBZG1	湖北秭归Zigui，Hubei	42	ZJMGS	浙江莫干山Moganshan，Zhejiang
21	HBZG2	湖北秭归Zigui，Hubei	43	ZJTMS	浙江天目山Tianmushan，Zhejiang
22	HBZG3	湖北秭归Zigui，Hubei

数量性状/导出性状 Numerical trait/Derived trait	最小值 Min.	最大值 Max.	均值 Mean	标准差 S	变异系数 C_V/%
株高Plant height/cm	5.81	18.24	11.67	2.39	21
匍匐茎长Stolon length/cm	17.24	54.43	36.77	10.42	28
匍匐茎粗Stolon thickness/mm	0.76	3.14	1.91	0.45	24
匍匐茎分枝数Stolon branch number	0	5.36	2.04	1.37	67
叶柄长Petiole length/cm	3.63	10.95	7.14	1.79	25
叶柄粗Petiole thickness/mm	1.74	4.04	2.82	0.39	14
叶长Leaf length/cm	2.72	8.52	6.16	1.18	19
叶宽Leaf width/cm	3.65	10.07	7.39	1.36	18
叶长宽比Length-width ratio of leaf	0.73	0.98	0.84	0.04	5
花序高度Inflorescence height	20.88	59.33	40.56	8.66	21
小花序轴长Length of secondary inflorescence rachis/cm	2.46	7.44	4.30	0.97	23
小花序轴粗Thickness of secondary inflorescence rachis/mm	0.53	1.21	0.71	0.13	19
上中花瓣长Length of middle upper petal/cm	2.06	5.79	3.38	0.67	20
上中花瓣宽Width of middle upper petal/cm	1.50	2.87	2.08	0.32	15
上中花瓣长宽比Length-width ratio of middle upper petal	1.10	2.03	1.64	0.24	14
下长花瓣长Length of long lower petal/cm	8.22	20.95	12.79	2.50	20
下长花瓣宽Width of long lower petal/cm	2.00	5.93	3.58	0.95	26
下长花瓣长宽比Length-width ratio of long lower petal	2.11	5.06	3.72	0.67	18
下短花瓣长Length of short lower petal/cm	7.06	18.15	10.86	2.38	22
下短花瓣宽Width of short lower petal/cm	1.97	5.13	3.04	0.84	28
下短花瓣长宽比Length-width ratio of short lower petal	2.18	5.22	3.71	0.66	18
下长花瓣长/下短花瓣长Length ratio of long lower petal and short lower petal	1.04	1.48	1.19	0.10	8

质量性状 Qualitative trait	频率分布Frequency distribution /%						遗传多样性指数 H′
质量性状 Qualitative trait	1	2	3	4	5	6	遗传多样性指数 H′
匍匐茎分枝部位Stolon branch position	11.63	2.33	81.40	4.65			0.65
匍匐茎颜色Stolon color	11.63	46.51	41.86				0.97
叶上表面毛被长度Indumentum length of adaxial leaf surface	46.51	39.53	13.95				1.00
叶上表面毛被颜色Indumentum color of adaxial leaf surface	93.02	6.98					0.25
叶上表面斑纹分布Stripe distribution of adaxial leaf surface	44.19	39.53	2.33	13.95			1.09
叶上表面主色Main color of adaxial leaf surface	16.28	37.21	34.88	2.33	2.33	6.98	1.39
叶上表面次色Secondary color of adaxial leaf surface	44.19	37.21	2.33	4.65	11.63		1.21
叶下表面颜色Color of abaxial leaf surface	46.51	23.26	20.93	9.30			1.24
上中花瓣斑纹Stripe of middle upper petal	13.95	27.91	58.14				0.95
上中花瓣颜色Color of middle upper petal	18.60	81.40					0.48
下方长花瓣是否具齿Long lower petal dentate or absent	95.35	4.65					0.19

数量性状/导出性状 Numerical trait/Derived trait	分支Ⅰ Cluster Ⅰ	分支Ⅱ Cluster Ⅱ	分支Ⅲ Cluster Ⅲ
株高Plant height/cm	12.02±1.56a	12.51±2.58a	10.76±2.59a
匍匐茎长Stolon length/cm	43.86±8.86a	35.37±9.66b	32.41±9.68b
匍匐茎粗Stolon diameter/mm	1.86±0.37a	2.04±0.46a	1.84±0.50a
匍匐茎分枝数Stolon branch number	3.41±1.17a	1.27±0.81b	1.57±1.08b
叶柄长Petiole length/cm	8.25±1.16a	7.22±1.70ab	6.23±1.82b
叶柄粗Petiole diameter/mm	2.77±0.31a	3.01±0.38a	2.72±0.42a
叶长Leaf length/cm	6.72±1.01a	6.57±1.09a	5.42±1.01b
叶宽Leaf width/cm	8.17±1.18a	7.79±1.23a	6.50±1.08b
叶长宽比Length/width ratio of leaf	0.83±0.03a	0.85±0.03a	0.85±0.06a
花序高度Inflorescence height/cm	44.51±6.87a	42.15±7.40ab	36.32±9.30b
小花序轴长Length of secondary inflorescence rachis/cm	3.89±0.61b	4.90±0.58a	4.15±1.21b
小花序轴粗Diameter of secondary inflorescence rachis/mm	0.63±0.07b	0.82±0.15a	0.69±0.10b
上中花瓣长Length of middle upper petal/cm	3.12±0.31a	3.56±0.66a	3.45±0.83a
上中花瓣宽Width of middle upper petal/cm	1.90±0.19b	2.34±0.34a	2.03±0.27b
上中花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of middle upper petal	1.67±0.22a	1.54±0.23a	1.70±0.24a
下长花瓣长Length of long lower petal/cm	11.43±1.16b	15.02±2.73a	12.12±1.94b
下长花瓣宽Width of long lower petal/cm	3.00±0.48b	4.71±0.73a	3.00±0.52b
下长花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of long lower petal	3.93±0.61b	3.25±0.54a	3.92±0.65a
下短花瓣长Length of short lower petal/cm	9.28±0.94b	13.21±2.25a	10.28±1.87b
下短花瓣宽Width of short lower petal/cm	2.49±0.50b	4.01±0.70a	2.71±0.44b
下短花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of short lower petal	3.83±0.63a	3.37±0.57a	3.87±0.67a
下长花瓣长/下短花瓣长Length ratio of long lower petal and short lower petal	1.24±0.10a	1.14±0.07b	1.19±0.10ab

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