Nutlet Morphology and Micromorphology of Carex sect. Paniceae (Cyperaceae) and Its Taxonomic Significance

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.01.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Nutlet morphology and micromorphology of 27 species with four varieties of Carex sect. Paniceae were observed under scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The results showed that：（1）The nutlet shape of all samples（beak excluded） were obovoid trigonous， with the length ranged from 1.53-3.59 mm. The nutlet length between different populations of the same species revealed stability and no significant difference exist by statistical analysis. （2）The epidermal cells were five to seven gonal， rarely four or eight， which was various within the different individuals of C. rouyana. The anticlinal wall was straight or microwave， and silica platform was flat， occasionally concave or slightly convex， with solitary central silica body but without satellite body. Whereas each epidermal cell of C. filipes var. kuzakaiensis and C. filipes var. tremula occasionally had two central silica bodies. （3）Based on the shape of epidermal cells， numbers of central silica platform， some species were distinguished from similar species， such as C. baimaensis and C. filipes， and it was also valuable to distinguish the varieties of C. filipes， ie. var. kuzakaiensis， var. oligostachys and var. tremula. （4）Sections Paniceae s.s. and Laxiflorae had a high consistency in the morphology and micromorphology of nutlets. It indicated that the morphology and micromorphology of nutlets were of great importance of taxonomic significance.

Key words: Carex, sect.Paniceae, nutlet, micromorphology, taxonomic significance

CLC Number:

Q949

Fang HE, Yifei LU, Yongdi LIU, Wenke CHU, Xiaofeng JIN. Nutlet Morphology and Micromorphology of Carex sect. Paniceae (Cyperaceae) and Its Taxonomic Significance[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(1): 1-8.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

The sources of materials

组 Section name	种/变种 Species/Variety	采集地 Locality	凭证标本 Voucher specimen
少花薹草组（狭义） sect. Paniceae s.s.	C. arakiana-1	Tottori Pref.，Japan	金孝锋，鲁益飞X. F. Jin & Y. F. Lu 4416
	C. arakiana-2	Gifu Pref.，Japan	J. Oda 2800（KYO）
	C. arisanensis-1	中国浙江Zhejiang，China	鲁益飞，金孝锋Y. F. Lu & X. F. Jin 212
	C. arisanensis-2	中国浙江Zhejiang，China	李根有G. Y. Li F312
	C. baohuashanica	中国江苏Jiangsu，China	陈伟杰，耿新W. J. Chen & X. Geng 3447
	C. egena	中国浙江Zhejiang，China	金孝锋X. F. Jin 3923
	C. filipes-1	Kochi Pref.，Japan	J. Oda 1842（KYO）
	C. filipes-2	Tochigi Pref.，Japan	金孝锋，鲁益飞X. F. Jin & Y. F. Lu 4442
	C. filipes var. kuzakaiensis	Iwate Pref.，Japan	M. Kikuchi s.n.（TI）
	C. filipes var. oligostachys	Keinan，Korea	J. Ohwi 6903（KYO）
	C. filipes var. tremula	Kagoshima Pref.，Japan	J. Oda 4076（KYO）
	C. macroglossa-1	中国浙江Zhejiang，China	王泓H. Wang 1546
	C. macroglossa-2	Tochigi Pref.，Japan	金孝锋，鲁益飞X. F. Jin & Y. F. Lu 4443
	C. macroglossa-3	Okayama Pref.，Japan	T. Hoshino，et al.21349（KYO）
	C. papulosa	Tochigi Pref.，Japan	J. Oda 3032（KYO）
	C. parciflora	Nagano Pref.，Japan	T. Shimizu 80-378（TI）
	C. parciflora var. tsukoensis	Okayama Pref.，Japan	N. Kurosaki 9285（TI）
	C. pilosa	Hokkaido，Japan	K. Takita 1657（KYO）
	C. rouyana-1	Tochigi Pref.，Japan	金孝锋，鲁益飞X. F. Jin & Y. F. Lu 4444
	C. rouyana-2	中国浙江Zhejiang，China	鲁益飞Y. F. Lu 96
	C. rouyana-3	Tochigi Pref.，Japan	J. Oda 2755（KYO）
	C. vaniotii	Ishikawa Pref.，Japan	J. Oda 1593（KYO）
	C. zhejiangensis-1	中国浙江Zhejiang，China	鲁益飞Y. F. Lu 100
	C. zhejiangensis-2	中国浙江Zhejiang，China	金孝锋X. F. Jin 2130
疏花薹草组 sect. Laxiflorae	C. albursina	Wisconsin，America	E. J. Judziewicz 14150（WIS）
	C. baimaensis	中国安徽Anhui，China	王泓H. Wang 1806
	C. blanda	Wisconsin，America	T. S. Cochrane 12936（WIS）
	C. crebriflora	Virginia，America	M. L. Fernald & Bayard Long 12962（GH）
	C. gracilescens	Wisconsin，America	W. S. Alverson 1101（WIS）
	C. hendersonii	Oregon，America	L. F. Henderson 4279（GH）
	C. kraliana	Virginia，America	M. L. Fernald & B.Long 11784（GH）
	C. laxiflora	Vermont，America	D. E. Boufford et al. 22972（KYO）
	C. leptonervia	Vermont，America	D. E. Boufford et al. 22920（KYO）
	C. ormostachaya	Wisconsin，America	T. S. Cochrane & B. A. Cochrane 13267a（WIS）
	C. purpurifera-1	North Carolina，America	A. E. Radford 45360（GH）
	C. purpurifera-2	Tennessee，America	D. E. Boufford & S. A. Spongberg 22880（GH）
	C. radfordii	North Carolina，America	B. A. Sorrie 7311（GH）
	C.striatula	Virginia，America	J. T. Baldwin 194（GH）
	C. styloflexa	Virginia，America	M. L. Fernald & L. Griscom 4336（GH）
	C. yunlingensis	中国云南Yunnan，China	李沛琼P. C. Li 3600（CDBI）

Table 1

Table 2

SEM observation and statistics of nutlet morphology and micromorphology

种/变种 Species/Variety	形状 Shape	长度 Length /mm	先端+喙 Apice+Beak	表皮细胞 Epidermal cell
种/变种 Species/Variety	形状 Shape	长度 Length /mm	先端+喙 Apice+Beak	形状 Shape	垂周璧式样 Pendant round patterns	硅质台 Siliceous	中心体 Centrosome	卫星体 Satelloid
sect. Paniceae s.s.
C. arakiana-1	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.74±0.03	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. arakiana-2	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.53±0.05	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. arisanensis-1	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.49±0.04	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. arisanensis-2	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.55±0.20	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. baohuashanica	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.86±0.05	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. egena	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.43±0.03	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	凹 Concave	1	0
C. filipes-1	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.72±0.21	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. filipes-2	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.67±0.03	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. filipes var. kuzakaiensis	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.19±0.07	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	略凸 Slightly convex	1（偶见2） 1（occasionally 2）	0
C. filipes var.oligostachys	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.58±0.14	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	4~8边形 4~8-gonal	直 Straight	略凸 Slightly convex	1	0
C. filipes var. tremula	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.41±0.10	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	4~8边形 4~8-gonal	直 Straight	略凸 Slightly convex	1（偶见2） 1（occasionally 2）	0
C. macroglossa-1	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.28±0.09	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. macroglossa-2	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.24±0.03	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. macroglossa-3	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.27±0.06	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. papulosa	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.41±0.05	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. parciflora	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.35±0.02	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. parciflora var. tsukoensis	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.16±0.03	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. pilosa	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.25±0.03	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	略凸 Slightly convex	1	0
C. rouyana-1	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.96±0.04	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	略凸 Slightly convex	1	0
C. rouyana-2	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.73±0.05	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	略凸 Slightly convex	1	0
C. rouyana-3	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.77±0.07	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	4~8边形 4~8-gonal	直 Straight	略凸 Slightly convex	1	0
C. vaniotii	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.11±0.07	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	略凸 Slightly convex	1	0
C. zhejiangensis-1	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.59±0.12	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. zhejiangensis-2	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.55±0.15	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
sect. Laxiflorae
C. albursina	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.63±0.06	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	4~7边形 4~7-gonal	微波状 Microwave	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. baimaensis	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.41±0.01	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	4~7边形 4~7-gonal	直 Straight	凹 Concave	1	0
C. blanda	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.24±0.07	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. crebriflora	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.36±0.06	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	微波状 Microwave	略凸 Slightly convex	1	0
C. gracilescens	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.48±0.09	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	略凸 Slightly convex	1	0
C. hendersonii	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	3.39±0.06	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	微波状 Microwave	略凸 Slightly convex	1	0
C. kraliana	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.73±0.11	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. laxiflora	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.27±0.07	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. leptonervia	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.07±0.04	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. ormostachaya	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	1.86±0.17	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	微波状 Microwave	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. purpurifera-1	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.80±0.10	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	微波状 Microwave	略凸 Slightly convex	1	0
C. purpurifera-2	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.54±0.12	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	微波状 Microwave	略凸 Slightly convex	1	0
C. radfordii	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.17±0.16	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	凹 Concave	1	0
C.striatula	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.85±0.06	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	略凸 Slightly convex	1	0
C. styloflexa	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	3.10±0.15	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	平坦 Flat	1	0
C. yunlingensis	倒卵球形，三棱形 Obovoid,trigonous	2.91±0.22	急尖，无喙 Acute,beakless	5~7边形 5~7-gonal	直 Straight	略凸 Slightly convex	1	0

Table 2

Fig.1

Fig.2

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