Effects of Fertilizing on Trees Growth and Understory Vegetation of Young Teak Plantation

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.04.019

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of fertilization on teak growth and understory vegetation diversity， the four-year-old teak Tectona grandis L. f. plantation in Guangxi was studied by randomized block design and carried out different kinds of fertilizer treatment respectively（included F1： 0.5 kg NPK complex fertilizer， 1.0 kg calcium fertilizer and 1.0 kg MgSO₄fertilizer； F2： 1.0kg NPK complex fertilizer， 0.5 kg calcium fertilizer and 0.5 kg MgSO₄ fertilizer； F3：1.0 kg NPK complex fertilizer and 0.5 kg MgSO₄fertilizer； F4： 1.0 kg NPK complex fertilizer； CK： no fertilization）. The results showed that fertilization significantly accelerated growth of teak tree height， diameter at breast height and volume. Compared with control， the average annual increment of H， D_BH and V increased 0.13-0.32 m， 0.17-0.26 cm and 4.35-9.63 dm³， respectively. The growth increment of F3 was the largest， and the growth rate of D_BH and V promoted significantly by 10.35% and 10.55% than CK. Understory vegetation types of young teak plantation were relatively abundant and involved 25 families， 39 genera and 42 species， among which Compositae and Gramineae were the main dominant species. There were significant distinctions in Shannon-Wiener index（H′）， Simpson index（D） and Pielou evenness index（J_sw）（P<0.05） and these indexes of F1 and F3 treatments were significantly higher than CK， but the Gleason species richness index（D_g） was no significant（P>0.05） between five treatments. The comprehensive evaluation scores of 12 indexes that included tree growth and understory were F3，F1，F4，F2，CK in turn. The rational fertilization of 4-year-old young teak plantation could promote the growth of trees and increase the richness and diversity of understory. The low-input application of 1.0 kg NPK fertilizer and 0.5 kg MgSO₄ fertilizer in young teak plantation is more beneficial to the growth and community stability.

Key words: fertilization, teak plantation, growth, understory vegetation, α diversity, principal component analysis

CLC Number:

S718.5

Qingqing ZHANG, Zaizhi ZHOU, Guihua HUANG, Weiwei ZHAO, Xiyang WANG, Guang YANG, Gaofeng LIU. Effects of Fertilizing on Trees Growth and Understory Vegetation of Young Teak Plantation[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(4): 694-703.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.1

Table 3

Composition of main species and their important values under different fertilization of teak forest

物种 Species	重要值 Important values /%					物种 Species	重要值 Important values /%
物种 Species	F1	F2	F3	F4	CK	物种 Species	F1	F2	F3	F4	CK
鬼针草Bidens pilosa	37.91	52.51	19.40	27.12	35.79	盐肤木Rhus chinensis	－	－	－	3.77	4.76
芒Miscanthus sinensis	5.25	5.91	1.19	16.88	40.22	粗叶榕Ficus hirta	－	－	4.41	2.91	－
毛蕨Cyclosorus interruptus	7.20	3.25	5.68	1.30	4.70	广防风Anisomeles indica	－	2.10	2.05	－	－
阔叶丰花草Borreria latifolia	6.62	－	1.29	1.30	－	樟Cinnamomum camphora	－	－	－	2.01	－
马唐Digitaria sanguinalis	6.43	－	0.92	－	－	牵牛花Pharbitis nil	1.62	2.42	－	－	－
华南鳞盖蕨Microlepia hancei	5.93	2.89	3.04	－	－	何首乌Fallopia multiflora	1.97	1.88	1.14	4.20	3.30
海金沙Lygodium japonicum	2.87	－	0.99	－	－	火炭母Polygonum chinense	－	－	2.91	1.19	1.81
凤尾蕨Spider brake	3.96	2.21	4.02	－	－	豆腐柴Premna microphylla	－	－	－	1.03	－
地桃花Urena lobata	1.51	－	－	－	－	毛桐Mallotus barbatus	－	－	－	2.01	－
飞机草Eupatorium odoratum	1.04	－	4.29	－	－	野莴苣Lactuca seriola	－	－	－	1.07	－
剑叶凤尾蕨Pteris ensiformis	2.00	－	1.97	1.10	1.67	臭鸡矢藤Paederia foetida	－	－	－	－	2.05
野青茅Deyeuxia arundinacea	5.52	－	－	－	－	小蓬草Conyza canadensis	1.04	－	－	－
金银花Lonicera japonica	2.11	1.56	1.06	2.07	－	葛Pueraria lobata	1.40	3.25	－	－	－
牡荆Vitex negundo	－	－	8.27	－	－	低矮薹草Carex humilis	1.48	3.09	1.02	－	－
淡竹叶Lophatherum gracile	－	－	20.05	4.36	－	叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria	－	1.54	－	－	－
马兜铃Aristolochia debilis	－	－	1.05	1.64	－	千金藤Stephania japonica	－	－	1.82	－	－
狗牙花Tabernaemontana divaricata	－	－	－	1.71	－	银柴Aporusa dioica	－	－	1.76	－	－
大叶马兜铃Aristolochia kaempferi	－	3.87	－	－	－	鸭拓草Commelina communis	－	2.03	1.02	－	－
小叶海金沙Lygodium scandens	－	－	－	4.82	－	刺五加Acanthopanax senticosus	－	－	－	4.35	－
变色白前Cynanchum versicolor	－	1.59	－	－	－	山鸡椒Litsea cubeba	－	－	1.11	－	3.85
求米草Oplismenus undulatifolius	4.15	－	9.54	13.84	－	大青Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum	－	－	－	1.35	1.65

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

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处理 Treatment	ΔH /m	ΔD_BH /cm	ΔV /dm³	P_H /%	P_D /%	P_V /%
P	0.006	0.015	0	0.103	0.230	0.048
F1	1.62±0.05 ab	1.29±0.04 a	26.34±1.48 ab	19.80±0.56 a	13.79±0.30 ab	44.63±0.84 a
F2	1.60±0.05 ab	1.31±0.04 a	27.70±1.36 ab	18.88±0.49 ab	13.67±0.38 ab	43.82±0.89 a
F3	1.69±0.06 a	1.37±0.05 a	29.33±1.62 a	19.44±0.48 a	14.29±0.45 a	45.36±0.89 a
F4	1.50±0.06 bc	1.28±0.04 a	24.05±1.16 b	18.45±0.65 ab	14.16±0.35 a	43.97±0.86 a
CK	1.37±0.06 c	1.11±0.05 b	19.70±1.45 c	17.61±0.60 b	12.95±0.46 b	41.03±1.13 b

处理 Treatment	Gleason丰富度指数 Gleason index （D_g）	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index （H′）	Simpson指数 Simpson index （D）	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou index （J_sw）
P	0.087	0.01	0.026	0.014
F1	2.81±0.49 ab	1.63±0.07 a	0.74±0.02 a	0.28±0.02 a
F2	2.08±0.08 ab	0.86±0.19 bc	0.41±0.12 c	0.17±0.04 b
F3	3.21±0.21 a	1.64±0.17 a	0.73±0.05 a	0.29±0.04 a
F4	2.81±0.40 ab	1.34±0.24 ab	0.66±0.06 ab	0.22±0.04 ab
CK	1.76±0.42 b	0.79±0.13 c	0.46±0.07 bc	0.13±0.02 b

特征类别 Factors	主成分 Principal component
特征类别 Factors	1	2	3
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index （H′）	0.755	-0.627	0.092
Simpson指数 Simpson index （D）	0.670	-0.662	0.189
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou index （J_sw）	0.687	-0.683	-0.061
Gleason丰富度指数 Gleason index （D_g）	0.809	-0.332	0.229
树高生长量 height increment （ΔH）	0.817	0.302	-0.429
胸径生长量 D_BH growth （ΔD_BH）	0.810	0.398	-0.199
材积生长量 Volume growth （ΔV）	0.622	0.246	-0.691
树高生长率 High growth rate （P_H）	0.700	0.175	-0.249
胸径生长率 D_BH growth rate （P_D）	0.755	0.358	0.393
材积生长率 Volume growth rate （P_V）	0.874	0.399	0.110
覆盖度 Coverage （C，%）	0.681	0.232	0.538
林下植被生物量 Mass （m，kg·m^-2）	0.042	0.781	0.423
特征根 Eigenvalue	6.146	2.700	1.499
贡献率 Proportion /%	51.220	22.500	12.490
累计贡献率 Cumulative proportion /%	51.220	73.720	86.210

处理 Treatment	主成分 Principal component			综合得分 Comprehensive score	综合排名 Comprehensive ranking
处理 Treatment	1	2	3	综合得分 Comprehensive score	综合排名 Comprehensive ranking
F1	0.85	-0.19	0	0.66	2
F2	-0.38	0.42	-0.11	-0.06	4
F3	1.38	-0.19	-0.10	1.09	1
F4	0.05	-0.09	0.08	0.04	3
CK	-1.91	0.05	0.13	-1.73	5

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