Ploidy Level and Genome Size Variation in Sorbus sect. Sorbus(Rosaceae)

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.03.013

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the ploidy level and genome size of Sorbus sect. Sorbus species， the nuclear DNA content from somatic cells was measured by flow cytometry and Oryza sativa subsp. japonica ‘Nipponbare’ was used as the internal control. The results showed that the genome size of 19 species ranged from 0.648 to 0.803 pg， with the diploid， triploid and tetraploid levels， including 15 diploid species with 2C values ranging from 1.335 to 1.607 pg for， and one triploid species S. himalaica with 2C values of 2.137 pg，and three tetraploid species， S. albopilosa， S. prattii and S. pseudovilmorinii， with 2C values of 2.594， 2.891 and 2.751 pg， respectively. The 2C values of 16 species and new ploidy levels of five species were reported for the first time， indicating that there were changes of ploidy heterogeneity among interspecific and intraspecific in Sorbus sect. Sorbus.

Key words: genome size, ploidy, flow cytometry, Sorbus sect. Sorbus, Rosaceae

CLC Number:

S792.25

Qi QI, Wenxiang HOU, Jin QIU, Liyang GENG, Xin CHEN. Ploidy Level and Genome Size Variation in Sorbus sect. Sorbus(Rosaceae)[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(3): 441-447.

Figures/Tables 2

Table 1

Collection site， genome sizes and ploidy levels of 19 species in Sorbus sect. Sorbus

种 Species	样本采集地信息 Collection site	2C值 2C value （mean±SD）/pg	1C值 1C value （mean±SD）/pg	1C值 1C value （mean±SD）/Mb	倍性推断 Inferred ploidy level	已报道染色体数 Chromosome numbers reported
白毛花楸S. albopilosa	西藏鲁朗Lulang，Xizang	2.594±0.048	0.648±0.012	634.163±11.839	4x	—
黄山花楸S. amabilis	安徽天堂寨Tiantangzhai，Anhui	1.377±0.009	0.689±0.004	673.474±4.333	2x	34^［11］
尼泊尔花楸S. foliolosa	西藏多雄拉山Duoxiongla Mountain，Xizang	1.421±0.035	0.706±0.017	690.707±17.052	2x	68^［3］
福氏花楸S. forrestii	云南白马雪山Baima Snow Mountain，Yunnan	1.364±0.014	0.682±0.007	667.043±6.751	2x	68^［3］
巨叶花楸S. harrowiana	云南孔雀山Kongque Mountain，Yunnan	1.425±0.035	0.712±0.017	696.789±16.995	2x	34^［3］
喜马拉雅花楸S. himalaica	西藏多雄拉山Duoxiongla Mountain，Xizang	2.137±0.142	0.712±0.047	696.723±46.353	3x	68^［3］
湖北花楸S. hupehensis	湖北神农架桥洞沟Qiaodonggou，Shennongjia，Hubei	1.477±0.033	0.739±0.017	722.386±16.312	2x	—
维西花楸S. monbeigi	西藏多雄拉山Duoxiongla Mountain，Xizang	1.527±0.021	0.764±0.011	746.843±10.482	2x	34^［3，32］
少齿花楸S. oligodonta	云南白马雪山Baima Snow Mountain，Yunnan	1.564±0.026	0.782±0.013	764.873±12.511	2x	—
侏儒花楸S. poteriifolia	云南贡山Gongshan，Yunnan	1.502±0.019	0.751±0.009	734.510±9.062	2x	68^［3，32］
西康花楸S. prattii	四川丹巴Danba，Sichuan	2.891±0.115	0.723±0.029	706.817±28.083	4x	—
假川滇花楸S. pseudovilmorinii	西藏嘎隆拉雪山Galongla Snow Mountain，Xizang	2.751±0.111	0.688±0.028	672.670±27.054	4x	34^［3］
蕨叶花楸S. pteridophylla	云南高黎贡山Gaoligong Mountain，Yunnan	1.495±0.009	0.748±0.004	731.261±4.352	2x	—
西南花楸S. rehderiana	四川剪子弯山Jianziwan Mountain，Sichuan	1.452±0.048	0.726±0.024	709.803±23.508	2x	34^［3，32］
海螺沟花楸S. rutilans	四川海螺沟Hailuogou，Sichuan	1.467±0.022	0.733±0.011	717.146±10.584	2x	68^［3］
晚绣花楸S. sargentiana	四川瓦屋山Wawu Mountain，Sichuan	1.586±0.090	0.793±0.045	775.352±43.977	2x	34^［3，32］
四川花楸S. setschwanensis	贵州雷公山Leigongshan，Guizhou	1.353±0.034	0.676±0.017	661.468±16.600	2x	34^［3，11］
川滇花楸S. vilmorinii	云南苍山Cangshan，Yunnan	1.607±0.027	0.803±0.013	785.756±13.137	2x	34^［32］； 68^［3，32］
华西花楸S. wilsoniana	贵州梵净山Fanjing Mountain，Guizhou	1.335±0.014	0.667±0.007	652.580±6.860	2x	34^{［3，11，32］}

Table 1

Fig.1

References 46

1	PHIPPS J B， ROBERTSON K R， SMITH P G，et al.A checklist of the subfamily Maloideae（Rosaceae）［J］.Canadian Journal of Botany，1990，68（10）：2209-2269.
2	ALDASORO J J， AEDO C， GARMENDIA F M，et al.Revision of Sorbus subgenera Aria and Torminaria（Rosaceae-Maloideae）［J］.Systematic Botany Monographs，2004，69：1-148.
3	MCALLISTER H A.The Genus Sorbus：Mountain Ash and Other Rowans［M］.London：Royal Botanic Gardens，Kew，2005：252.
4	ROBERTSON A， RICH T C G， ALLEN A M，et al.Hybridization and polyploidy as drivers of continuing evolution and speciation in Sorbus ［J］.Molecular Ecology，2010，19（8）：1675-1690
5	LUDWIG S， ROBERTSON A， RICH T C G，et al.Breeding systems，hybridization and continuing evolution in Avon Gorge Sorbus ［J］.Annals of Botany，2013，111（4）：563-575.
6	HEBDA A， KEMPF M， WACHOWIAK W，et al.Hybridization and introgression of native and foreign Sorbus tree species in unique environments of protected mountainous areas［J］.AoB Plants，2021，13（1）：1-15.
7	NELSON-JONES E， BRIGGS D， SMITH A.The origin of intermediate species of the genus Sorbus ［J］.Theoretical and Applied Genetics，2002，105：953-963.
8	BAILEY J P， KAY Q O N， MCALLISTER H，et al.Chromosome numbers in Sorbus L.（Rosaceae） in the British Isles［J］.Watsonia，2008，27（1）：69-72.
9	QIAN Y M， ZHU K L， TANG C Q，et al.Chromosome counts and karyotype analysis of nine taxa in Sorbus subgenera Aria and Micromeles（Rosaceae） from China［J］.Caryologia，2022，75（1）：123-130.
10	PELLICER J， CLERMONT S， HOUSTON L，et al.Cytotype diversity in the Sorbus complex（Rosaceae） in Britain：sorting out the puzzle［J］.Annals of Botany，2012，110（6）：1185-1193.
11	LI J B， ZHU K L， WANG Q，et al.Genome size variation and karyotype diversity in eight taxa of Sorbus sensu stricto（Rosaceae） from China［J］.Comparative Cytogenetics，2021，15（2）：137-148.
12	郗连连，李嘉宝，朱凯琳，等.花楸属3种植物的基因组大小与叶气孔特征分析［J］.植物科学学报，2020，38（1）：32-38.
	XI L L， LI J B， ZHU K L，et al.Variation in genome size and stomatal traits among three Sorbus species［J］.Plant Science Journal，2020，38（1）：32-38.
13	邱靖，李嘉宝，朱大海，等.花楸属直脉组７种/变种基因组大小及叶表皮微形态特征的分类学意义［J］.南京林业大学学报（自然科学版），2023，47（3）：77-86.
	QIU J， LI J B， ZHU D H，et al.Taxonomic implications of genome sizes and micromorphological characteristics of leaf epidermis of species in Sorbus Sect.Alnifoliae ［J］.Journal of Nanjing Forestry University（Natural Science Edition），2023，47（3）：77-86.
14	SOLTIS P S， SOLTIS D E.Ancient WGD events as drivers of key innovations in angiosperms［J］.Current Opinion in Plant Biology，2016，30：159-165.
15	SUISSA J S， KINOSIAN S P， SCHAFRAN P W，et al.Homoploid hybrids，allopolyploids，and high ploidy levels characterize the evolutionary history of a western North American quillwort（Isoëtes） complex［J］.Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution，2022，166：107332.
16	WOOD T E， TAKEBAYASHI N， BARKER M S，et al.The frequency of polyploid speciation in vascular plants［J］.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America，2009，106（33）：13875-13879.
17	SOLTIS D E， VISGER C J， SOLTIS P S.The polyploidy revolution then...and now：Stebbins revisited［J］.American Journal of Botany，2014，101（7）：1057-1078.
18	BENNETT M D， BHANDOL P， LEITCH I J.Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms and their modern uses—807 new estimates［J］.Annals of Botany，2000，86（4）：859-909.
19	NOWICKA A， SLIWINSKA E， GRZEBELUS D，et al.Nuclear DNA content variation within the genus Daucus（Apiaceae） determined by flow cytometry［J］.Scientia Horticulturae，2016，209：132-138.
20	LUO D D， ZENG Z Y， WU Z Q，et al.Intraspecific variation in genome size in Artemisia argyi determined using flow cytometry and a genome survey［J］.Biotech，2023，13：57.
21	MOLGO I E， SOLTIS D E， SOLTIS P S.Cytogeography of Callisia section Cuthbertia（Commelinaceae）［J］.Comparative Cytogenetics，2017，11（4）：553-577.
22	MARHOLD K， KUDOH H， PAK J H，et al.Cytotype diversity and genome size variation in eastern Asian polyploid Cardamine（Brassicaceae） species［J］.Annals of Botany，2020，105（2）：249-264.
23	DOLEŽEL J， GREILHUBER J， SUDA J.Estimation of nuclear DNA content in plants using flow cytometry［J］.Nature Protocols，2007，2：2233-2244.
24	杨柳慧，张建军，王琪，等.5个芍药属伊藤杂种的倍性鉴定及核型分析［J］.植物研究，2017，37（4）：535-541.
	YANG L H， ZHANG J J， WANG Q，et al.Ploidy identification and karyotype analysis of five Itoh hybrid Peonies ［J］.Bulletin of Botanical Research，2017，37（4）：535-541.
25	SOLTIS D E， SOLTIS P S， TATE J A.Advances in the study of polyploidy since plant speciation［J］.New Phytologist，2003，161（1）：173-191.
26	LEITCH A R， LEITCH I J.Ecological and genetic factors linked to contrasting genome dynamics in seed plants［J］.New Phytologist，2012，194（3）：629-646.
27	ROBERTS A V， GLADIS T， BRUMME H.DNA amounts of roses（Rosa L.） and their use in attributing ploidy levels［J］.Plant Cell Reports，2009，28（1）：61-71.
28	ROTHLEUTNER J J， FRIDDLE M W， CONTRERAS R N.Ploidy levels，relative genome sizes，and base pair composition in Cotoneaster ［J］.Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science，2016，141（5）：457-466.
29	BURGESS M B， CUSHMAN K R， DOUCETTE E T，et al.Effects of apomixis and polyploidy on diversification and geographic distribution in Amelanchier（Rosaceae）［J］.American Journal of Botany，2014，101（8）：1375-1387.
30	LOUREIRO J， RODRIGUEZ E， DOLEŽEL J，et al.Two new nuclear isolation buffers for plant DNA flow cytometry：a test with 37 species［J］.Annals of Botany，2007，100（4）：875-888.
31	DOLEŽEL J， BARTOŠ J.Plant DNA flow cytometry and estimation of nuclear genome size［J］.Annals of Botany，2005，95（1）：99-110.
32	LU L T， SPONGBERG S A. Sorbus Linnaeus［M］//WU Z Y，RAVEN P H，HONG D Y.Flora of China：Vol.9：Rosaceae.Beijing：Science Press，2003：144-170.
33	SOLTIS D E， SOLTIS P S， SCHEMSKE D W，et al.Autopolyploidy in angiosperms：Have we grossly underestimated the number of species？［J］.Taxon，2007，56（1）：13-30.
34	MAJESKÝ L， KRAHULEC F， VAŠUT R J.How apomictic taxa are treated in current taxonomy：a review［J］.Taxon，2017，66（5）：1017-1040.
35	SENNIKOV A N， KURTTO A.A phylogenetic checklist of Sorbus s.l.（Rosaceae） in Europe［J］.Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica，2017，93：1-78.
36	ALDASORO J J， AEDO C， NAVARRO C，et al.The genus Sorbus（Maloideae，Rosaceae） in Europe and in North Africa：morphological analysis and systematics［J］.Systematic Botany，1998，23（2）：189-212.
37	MEYER N， GREGOR T， MEIEROTT L，et al.Diploidy suggests hybrid origin and sexuality in Sorbus subgen.Tormaria from Thuringia，Central Germany［J］.Plant Systematics & Evolution，2014，300：2169-2175.
38	TALENT N， DICKINSON T A.Polyploidy in Crataegus and Mespilus（Rosaceae，Maloideae）：evolutionary inferences from flow cytometry of nuclear DNA amounts［J］.Canadian Journal of Botany，2005，83（10）：1268-1304.
39	VAN DE PEER Y， MIZRACHI E， MARCHAL K.The evolutionary significance of polyploidy［J］.Nature Reviews Genetics，2017，18（7）：411-424.
40	KIRCHHEIMER B， WESSELY J， GATTRINGER A，et al.Reconstructing geographical parthenogenesis：effects of niche differentiation and reproductive mode on Holocene range expansion of an alpine plant［J］.Ecology Letters，2018，21（3）：392-401.
41	DAI X K， LI X， HUANG Y Q，et al.The speciation and adaptation of the polyploids：a case study of the Chinese Isoetes L.diploid-polyploid complex［J］.BMC Evolutionary Biology，2020，20（1）：118.
42	SPOELHOF J P， SOLTIS D E， SOLTIS P S.Habitat shape affects polyploid establishment in a spatial，stochastic model［J］.Frontiers in Plant Science，2020，11：592356.
43	HAJRUDINOVIĆ A， FRAJMAN B， SCHÖNSWETTER P，et al.Towards a better understanding of polyploid Sorbus（Rosaceae） from Bosnia and Herzegovina（Balkan Peninsula），including description of a novel，tetraploid apomictic species［J］.Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society，2015，178（4）：670-685.
44	FEULNER M， WEIG A， PAULE J，et al.Genetic variability and morphology of tri- and tetraploid members of the Sorbus aria complex in northern Bavaria［J］.Preslia，2017，89（3）：275-290.
45	PIÑEIRO R， KARRMAN-BAILEY F， COWAN R S，et al.Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Sorbus porrigentiformis and cross-amplification in S.aria and S.rupicola（Rosaceae）［J］.Applications in Plant Sciences，2017，5（2）：1600150.
46	ZHAO D X， QI X Y， ZHANG Y，et al.Genome-wide analysis of the heat shock transcription factor gene family in Sorbus pohuashanensis（Hance） Hedl identifies potential candidates for resistance to abiotic stresses［J］.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry，2022，175：68-80.

[1]	Haiyan BI, Yun LIN. Rubus chrysobotrys var. glandulosus(Rosaceae), a New Variety from Sichuan [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(1): 8-11.
[2]	ZHAO Qing, ZHANG Qiang, ZHOU Peng, LIN Feng, FANG Yan-Ming. Analysis of DNA C-value and Ploidy of Five Species in Magnoliaceae [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2016, 36(6): 853-859.
[3]	GUO Wei, HU Nan, LI Xiao-Ping, LI Shu-Xian. Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Different Lysis Buffers for Measuring the Ploidy Level of Salicaceae Species [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2016, 36(5): 782-789.
[4]	ZHANG De-Fang1；LI Shu-Xian2；XIA Tao2*. Characterization of EST-SSR Among Six Genera of Rosaceae [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2014, 34(6): 810-815.
[5]	SHI Chun-Hui1,2；XU Lan-Lan3；WANG Xiao-Qing1,2；LUO Jun1,2*. Identification of Kiwifruit Ploidy Using Flow Cytometry [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2014, 34(6): 845-849.
[6]	LI Gui-Shuang;CAO Bo;BAI Cheng-Ke*. Correlation Analysis between Genome Size and Seed Characteristics in Poaceae Plants [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2012, 32(6): 701-706.
[7]	ZHANG Li-Zhen;LI Qian-Zhong;YANG Lin-Yuan;WU Cheng-Yan. Effect of N⁺ Implantation on the Inducement of Polyploid Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus*(Bge.) Hsiao [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2011, 31(5): 563-568.
[8]	LUO Qiang;LIU Jian-Lin;CAI Guang-Ze. Docynia longiunguis Q.Luo et J.L.Liu,a New Species of Docynia Dcne. from China [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2011, 31(4): 389-391.
[9]	ZHU Yan;XU Zeng-Lai;WANG Qiong;WANG Zhen;SHI Yun-Yun. Comparison of Leaf Morphology in Different Ploidies of Dioscorea zingiberensis* [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2010, 30(3): 267-272.
[10]	FU Da-Li;LI Bing-Ren;FU Jian-Min;LI Jian-Hong;YANG Shao-Bing;ZHOU Dao-Shun;LIU Meng-Pei. A New Species of Armeniaca Scop. from China [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2010, 30(1): 1-3.
[11]	ZHANG Jia-Yan;WU Xiang-Zhu. A New Species of the Genus Armeniaca(Rosaceae) [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2009, 29(1): 1-2.
[12]	WU Jing-Ji;WU Ji-Ri;WU Song-Quan;YAN Yi-Zi;WANG Li-Ping. Preliminary Study of Anther Culture of Platycodon grandiflorum* [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2008, 28(1): 79-81.
[13]	Zhu Ying-qun, Zang De-kui, Li Bin, Dai Xian-de. SOME NEW RECORDS OF ROSACEAE FROM SHANDONG PROVINCE [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 1996, 16(2): 171-172.
[14]	Chang Yun-bing. NEW PLANTS FROM ZHEJIANG, CHINA [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 1992, 12(3): 271-274.