植物研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 51-61.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.01.008
李楠1,2, 田小霞2, 毛培春2, 郑明利2, 孟林2, 云岚1()
收稿日期:
2023-06-05
出版日期:
2024-01-20
发布日期:
2023-12-27
通讯作者:
云岚
E-mail:yunlan@imau.edu.cn
作者简介:
李楠(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事牧草遗传育种研究。
基金资助:
Nan LI1,2, Xiaoxia TIAN2, Peichun MAO2, Mingli ZHENG2, LIN MENG2, Lan YUN1()
Received:
2023-06-05
Online:
2024-01-20
Published:
2023-12-27
Contact:
Lan YUN
E-mail:yunlan@imau.edu.cn
摘要:
为分析马蔺(Iris lactea var. chinensis)种质花器官表型性状,明确马蔺花瓣的色素成分,以中国6个省市不同生境条件下22份马蔺种质资源为试验材料,对花冠这一重要观赏部位的表型特征及花色素进行系统研究。采用RHSCC比色和色差仪测色方法描述了马蔺种质花器官表型性状,并通过亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝显色法和pH示差法等方法测定了马蔺花色素质量分数,分析不同色系马蔺花色素表达差异。结果表明:22份马蔺种质花瓣花色可分为浅蓝色、浅蓝紫色、深蓝紫色和紫罗兰色4大色系,垂瓣和旗瓣明度(L*)与a*呈负相关,与b*呈正相关,与彩度(c*)呈负相关。不同色系马蔺花器官表型特征不同,4大色系中紫罗兰色花瓣最大、花葶最高、垂瓣花斑最小,浅蓝色花瓣最小、花葶最低、垂瓣花斑最大,说明花瓣颜色越深,花瓣越大,垂瓣花斑则越小;不同色系马蔺花瓣中色素质量分数差异显著,浅蓝色花瓣中类胡萝卜素质量分数显著高于紫罗兰色,而紫罗兰色花瓣中的类黄酮质量分数和花色苷质量分数显著高于浅蓝色。随花瓣颜色加深,类胡萝卜素质量分数降低,类黄酮和花色苷质量分数相应增加。相关性分析表明,类胡萝卜素质量分数与垂旗瓣L*均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与垂旗瓣a*、c*均呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。类黄酮质量分数与垂旗瓣L*、b*均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与垂旗瓣a*呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与垂旗瓣c*呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。花色苷质量分数与测色参数相关性的结果与类黄酮相似,表明类黄酮和花色苷质量分数对马蔺花呈色具有重要作用。
中图分类号:
李楠, 田小霞, 毛培春, 郑明利, 孟林, 云岚. 马蔺花器官表型特征及色素分析[J]. 植物研究, 2024, 44(1): 51-61.
Nan LI, Xiaoxia TIAN, Peichun MAO, Mingli ZHENG, LIN MENG, Lan YUN. Phenotype and Pigment Analysis of Flower Organs of Iris lactea var. chinensis[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(1): 51-61.
表1
马蔺种质材料种源及原生境信息
编号Code | 种质材料 Germplasm resources | 种源地 Provenance | 生境 Habitat | 经纬度 Latitude and longitude | 海拔 Altitude /m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ML001 | 北京海淀区四季青镇 Four Seasons Green Town,Haidian District,Beijing | 果园田边,壤土 Edge of orchard field,loamy soil | 39°56′32″N 116°16′44″E | 57 |
2 | ML004 | 吉林省永吉县北大湖镇 Beidahu Town,Yongji County,Jilin Province | 羊草、马蔺和杂类草等组成的轻度盐碱化低地草甸 Slightly salinized lowland meadow comprised of Leymus chinensis,Iris lactea and forbes | 43°31′12″N 126°20′24″E | 399 |
3 | ML005 | 内蒙古赤峰阿鲁科尔沁旗 Aruqorqin Banne,Chifeng,Inner Mongolia | 羊草+绣线菊草甸草原,砂壤土 Leymus chinensis+Spiraea salicifolia meadow grassland,sandy loam soil | 42°10′12″ 118°31′12″ | 926 |
4 | ML006 | 山西省太原市 Taiyuan,Shanxi Province | 荒漠草原,公路旁,砂砾质 Desert steppe,roadside,gravelly | 37°31′12″N 112°19′E | 760 |
5 | ML007 | 内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗 Keshiketeng Banner,Chifeng,Inner Mongolia | 草甸草原,砂壤土 Meadow grassland,sandy loam soil | 43°15′54″N 117°32′45″E | 1 100 |
6 | ML008 | 内蒙古鄂尔多斯西部 Erdos West,Inner Mongolia | 盐化低地草甸,盐渍化草甸土,砂砾质 Saline lowland meadow,saline meadow soil,gravelly | 39°48′N 109°49′48″E | 1 480 |
7 | ML009 | 甘肃省甘南藏族自治州合作市 Hezuo City,Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Gansu Province | 高寒草甸,亚高山草甸土 Alpine meadow,subalpine meadow soil | 34°59′10″ 102°54′41″ | 2 936 |
8 | ML010 | 内蒙古临河区白脑包镇中心村 Zhongxin Village Baizuobao Town,Linhe District,Inner Mongolia | 农田撂荒地、公路旁,壤土 Agrarian wild land,besides areas of calzada,loam | 41°0′50″ 107°18′34″ | 1 020 |
9 | ML011 | 内蒙古临河区八一镇丰收村 Harvest Village,Bayi Town,Linhe District,Inner Mongolia | 公路边盐碱荒地,盐碱土 Saline wasteland by the highway,saline soil | 40°48′56″ 107°29′24″ | 1 038 |
10 | ML012 | 内蒙古临河区隆胜镇新明村 Xinming Village,Longsheng Town,Linhe District,Inner Mongolia | 黎科植物与马蔺等组成的盐化低地草甸 Saline lowland meadows composed of Chenopodiaceae plants and I. lactea etc. | 40°53′9″ 107°34′18″ | 1 034 |
11 | ML013 | 内蒙古临河区城关镇万来村 Wanlai Village,Chengguan Town,Linhe District,Inner Mongolia | 多年生禾草与马蔺等组成的盐生 Saline meadow composed of perennial grasses and I. lactea etc. | 40°47′43″ 107°26′18″ | 1 037 |
12 | ML014 | 内蒙古临河区双河镇丰河村 Fenghe Village,Shuanghe Town,Linhe District,Inner Mongolia | 盐化低地草甸,砂砾质 Saline lowland meadows,gravelly | 40°42′15″ 107°25′9″ | 1 040 |
13 | ML015 | 新疆伊犁州昭苏县 Zhaosu County,Yili Prefecture,Xinjiang | 盐碱化较强的盐化低地草甸,砂砾质 Saline lowland meadows with strong salinization,gravelly | 43°8′23″ 81°7′39″ | 1 846 |
14 | ML016 | 内蒙古临河曙光镇永强村 Yongqiang Village,Shuguang Town,Linhe,Inner Mongolia | 盐化低地草甸,砂砾质 Saline lowland meadows,gravelly | 40°46′14″ 107°25′20″ | 1 039 |
15 | ML017 | 新疆伊犁州昭苏军马场 Zhaosu Military Horse Farm,Yili Prefecture,Xinjiang | 盐化低地草甸 Saline lowland meadow | 43°55′20″ 81°19′39″ | 1 800 |
16 | ML018 | 内蒙古呼和浩特市大青山 Daqing Mountain,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia | 干旱荒漠草原,公路边,砂壤土 Arid desert steppe,roadside,sandy loam soil | 40°52′38″ 111°35′27″ | 1 160 |
17 | ML019 | 新疆伊犁州伊犁河边 By the Ili River,Ili Prefecture,Xinjiang | 盐化低地草甸 Saline lowland meadow | 43°51′8″ 81°24′7″ | 530 |
18 | ML020 | 新疆伊犁州巩留县七乡伊犁河南岸 South bank of Ili River,Seven Townships,Gongliu County,Ili Prefecture,Xinjiang | 盐化低地草甸 Saline lowland meadows | 43°36′49″ 81°50′39″ | 703 |
19 | ML023 | 新疆伊犁州奶牛场 Dairy Farm in Yili Prefecture,Xinjiang | 重度盐化低地草甸,盐碱土 Heavily salinized lowland meadows,saline soils | 44°7′48″ 81°17′11″ | 603 |
20 | ML029 | 内蒙古科尔沁左翼中旗保康镇 Baokang Town,Horqin Left Wing Central Banner,Inner Mongolia | 轻度盐化低地草甸 Mildly saline lowland meadows | 44°7′48″ 123°21′12″ | 144 |
21 | ML032 | 内蒙古通辽市科左后旗阿古拉 Agura,Kezuo Houqi,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia | 草甸草原,砂壤土 Meadow grassland,sandy loam | 43°18′26″ 122°38′6″ | 262 |
22 | ML035 | 新疆伊宁县胡地亚于孜乡阔旦塔木村 Kordantam Village,Khudiyuz Township,Yining,Xinjiang | 中度盐碱化低地草甸,盐化灰钙土 Moderately saline lowland meadow,salinized gray calcium soil | 43°45′15″ 83°10′30″ | 1 071 |
表2
马蔺花部表型性状及描述
编号 Code | 性状 Trait | 表型性状描述 Description of phenotypic traits |
---|---|---|
1 | 垂瓣长 Fall length | 垂瓣顶端到底端的距离 Distance from the top to the bottom of the fall |
2 | 垂瓣宽 Fall width | 垂瓣最宽处的距离 Distance from the widest part of the fall |
3 | 旗瓣长 Standard length | 旗瓣顶端到底端的距离 Distance from the top to the bottom of the standard |
4 | 旗瓣宽 Standard width | 旗瓣最宽处的距离 Distance from the widest part of the standard |
5 | 花径 Flower diameter | 3个垂瓣最低点构成的平面上距离最远两点之间的距离 The distance between the two farthest points in the plane formed by the lowest point of the 3 fall |
6 | 花高 Flower height | 垂瓣最低点到旗瓣最高点之间的垂直距离 Vertical distance between the lowest point of the fall and the highest point of the standard |
7 | 花葶高度 Flower branch length | 地面至花梗下端的垂直距离 Vertical distance from the ground to the lower end of the pedicel |
8 | 垂瓣花斑大小 Fall spot size | 垂瓣花斑长与垂瓣长的比值 Ratio of fall spot length to fall length |
9 | 花色 Flower color | RHSCC比色卡结合色差仪测色 RHSCC colorimetric card combined with colorimeter color measurement |
表3
马蔺种质各色系花器官表型性状
色系 Color group | 垂瓣长 Fall length/ cm | 垂瓣宽 Fall width/ cm | 旗瓣长 Standard length/ cm | 旗瓣宽 Standard width/ cm | 花径 Flower diameter/ cm | 垂瓣花斑大小 Fall spot size | 花高 Flower height/ cm | 花葶高 Flower branch length/cm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
浅蓝色 Light blue | 4.60±0.11c | 0.88±0.06b | 4.85±0.13c | 0.80±0.03ab | 4.35±0.54c | 0.32±0.02a | 5.35±0.06c | 21.10±0.60b |
浅蓝紫色 Light blue-violet | 5.16±0.08b | 0.95±0.03b | 5.13±0.09bc | 0.72±0.03b | 6.35±0.17a | 0.33±0.02a | 5.70±0.05b | 26.96±0.71a |
深蓝紫色 Dark blue- violet | 5.76±0.14a | 1.26±0.05a | 5.45±0.13ab | 0.89±0.05ab | 5.68±0.16b | 0.29±0.01ab | 5.91±0.06b | 27.14±0.58a |
紫罗兰色 Violet | 5.98±0.21a | 1.27±0.09a | 5.68±0.17a | 0.97±0.09a | 5.09±0.15b | 0.26±0.02b | 6.31±0.09a | 29.10±0.74a |
表4
马蔺种质资源CIE Lab参数与色素质量分数的皮尔逊相关性
指标 Index | 部位 Site | L* | a* | b* | c* | h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid | 旗瓣Standard | 0.476* | -0.472* | 0.375 | -0.445* | -0.491* |
垂瓣Fall | 0.442* | -0.454* | 0.493* | -0.478* | -0.240 | |
类黄酮 Flavonoid | 旗瓣Standard | -0.657** | 0.567** | -0.557** | 0.536* | 0.523* |
垂瓣Fall | -0.569** | 0.546** | -0.503* | 0.527* | 0.539** | |
花色苷 Anthocyanin | 旗瓣Standard | -0.698** | 0.791** | -0.546** | 0.624** | 0.766** |
垂瓣Fall | -0.754** | 0.725** | -0.648** | 0.687** | 0.392 |
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