Table of Content

20 September 2009, Volume 29 Issue 5

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A Study on Gametophytes development of Arthromeris lungtauensis

GUO Zhi-You;ZHANG Xian-Chun

2009, 29(5):  513-516.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.001

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The spores of Arthromeris lungtauensis Ching were respectively cultured in Habitat of soil, Knorp’s and MS. The spore germination and gametophyte development were observed under microscope.The results showed that the spores are yellowish, bilateral type, monolete, warty perines with spinosity，kidney-shape in equatorial view and elliptical in polar view. The spores germianated within 5 days after inoculation, the type of germination is Vittaria-Type while that of gametophyte development is Drynaria-Type. Filamentous growth appeared within 7 days after inoculation,Its length were 3-8 cells; Prothallial plates growth appeared within 2 weeks after inoculation, A long broad spatulate prothallial plate is formed with 6-8 cells broadth; Young prothallus growth appeared after 6 weeks after inoculation，Adult prothalli are Cordate-thalloid with two type hairs (unicllular papillate hair and 4-5 cells fromed branche hair) and bifurcate rhizoids, Antheridia were appeeared on prothallus within 9 weeks after inoculation. It appeared and matured about 1 week earlier than archegonia. Antheridia are short width handle. Archegonial neck usually short curves. They indicated that adult prothallus with hairs, bifurcate rhizina and curve archegonium are some the evolution characteristic. The paper preliminary discusses its taxonomic significance.

Leaf Architecture of Eurya and its Taxonomic Significance

SHI Xiang-Gang;LI Yun-Qin;LI Cheng-Ren;SONG Xiao-Hong;YE Chuang-Xing*

2009, 29(5):  517-523.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.002

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Leaf architectural characteristics of 35 taxa from Eurya were examined to discuss the evolution route and the systematic positions of some species within Eurya. The result shows:Venations of leaf in genus Eurya are all brochidodromous and camptodromus, there are little differences among the primary veins, the secondary veins’ angle of divergence is acute or nearly right-angle, intersecondary veins are simple or compound; tertiary veins are usually reticulate, the margin ultimate venation are forming into a loop or incomplete; areoles are not uniform in shape and incomplete or imperfect in system development. These distinctive characteristics are different among species, which can be used to identify species. The leaf evolution route in Eurya was also discussed based on the five clades from phenetic analyses of 16 leaf architectural characteristics. The study indicates leaf architecture is very significant for classification and evolution of Eurya.

Micromorphology of Cotyledon Epidermis of Pugionium Gaertn.

ZHANG Feng-Lan;HAO Li-Zhen;*;YANG Zhong-Ren;HU Ning-Bao;WANG Liu-Ying;ZHANG Jin-Wen;

2009, 29(5):  524-528.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.003

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The plants of Pugionium Gaertn. were biennial plants in Cruciferae, morphological characteristics of cotyledon epidermis of four species in Pugionium Gaertn. were investigated by using scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results showed that the bulliform cell was distributed in adaxialepidermis and abaxial-epidermis of Pugionium Gaertn. cotyledon, which was protuberant, large and parallel arraying, and its density in adaxial-epidermis was higher than that in abaxial-epidermis, and the density of P.cornutum(L.)Gaertn was minimum, the density of P.dolabratum var. was maximal, the length of the bulliform cell of P.dolabratum Maxim. in adaxial-epidermis was larger than that in abaxial-epidermis, but the rest was contrary. The P.cornutum(L.)Gaertn, P.dolabratum Maxim. and P.dolabratum var. platypterum.H.L.yang had ridgy epiderial cells in adaxial-epidermis and abaxial-epidermis, with sinking stoma, but guard cells of P.calcaratum Kom. were below the even epidemic cell, with sinking stoma. The study could clarify that the same characteristic of microstructure of cotyledon epidermis of Pugionium Gaertn, and the difference in species, so it could provide morphological evidence for stress resistance and taxonomy.

Genomic DNA Extraction and AFLP Analysis System Establishment of Caragana microphylla

CHEN Xu-Hui;GAO Yu-Bao*;ZHU Min-Jie;ZHAO Ting-Ting

2009, 29(5):  529-533.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.004

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The genomic DNA in the fresh leaves of Caragana microphylla was extracted using a modified SDS method, and then an AFLP silver-stained analysis system suitable for C.microphylla was established by optimizing several main factors. We found that the genomic DNA obtained had good purity and integrity for AFLP analysis with mercapto-ethanol in the extracting solution to prevent formation of oxides and PVP to eliminate phenol from genomic DNA. 500 ng genomic DNA was digested for 4 h with EcoRⅠand MseⅠrestriction enzymes, ligated to adaptors for 12 h at 16℃, pre-amplified using EcoRⅠ+1 and MseⅠ+1 primers and then amplified using EcoRⅠ+3 and MseⅠ+3 primers. The amplified products were resolved in denaturing ployacrylamide gels and stained with silver. With this system, clear ploymerphic fingerprints were obtained, which can be taken as a base for future study of AFLP for C.microphylla populations.

Chromosome Numbers and Karyotypes of Stipa baicalensis,Stipa grandis and Stipa krylovii in Inner-mongolia Steppe

WU Jian-Bo;CHEN Cheng-Bin;BAO Xiao-Ying;SONG Wen-Qin;ZHAO Nian-Xi;GAO Yu-Bao*

2009, 29(5):  534-538.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.005

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Using the common (slice-making) method, the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of three Stipa species from Inner-Mongolia steppe were studied. The chromosome numbers of the three species were found to be 2n=2x=44(2A type). In all species, metacentric chromosomes were the most common (mean value 62.1%), followed by sub-metacentrics (mean value 28.9%), and subtelocentrics were rare (mean value 9.0%). The fifth chromosome had a satellite in the three species. These results indicated that their genome structure and origin were the same. The index of asymmetry of the chromosomes decreased as the habitats became drier from the east to the west, which might be the consequence of adaptation of the three species.

Effects of Soil Water Stress on Photosynthetic Characteristics in Five Provenances of Chinese Pine(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.)

DI Xiao-Yan;ZHU Xiao-Qi;MA Jian-Ping;CHI Xi-Mei;CHEN Jian-Wen;WANG Meng-Ben*

2009, 29(5):  539-543.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.006

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Seedlings of five provenances of Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) , including Zhongtiao (ZT) Mountains, Lvliang (LL) Mountains, Taihang (TH) Mountains, Luonan (LN) county and Huangling (HL) county in Shanxi, were transplanted in pots in a greenhouse and treated with progressive soil drought. The net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) and water use efficiency (WUE) of them were measured with LI-6400 Portable Photosynthesis System. The quantitative relationships between their P_n and soil water content (SWC) were analyzed. The results showed that P_n, T_r and G_s of them firstly increased, then decreased with increased soil drought. The provenance of TH had the maximum P_n, T_r and G_s, while HL and HN had lower values than others. On the 4th day of treatment (SWC was 15~25%), P_n, T_r and G_s of five provenances reached the maximum values during the period of 13 days. On the 7th day of treatment (SWC was 7~9%), significant differences were observed in P_n, T_r, G_s and WUE among these provenances (P<0.01), and an order of ZT>TH>LL>HL>LN was found in P_n, T_r, G_s and WUE. After the 10th day of treatment (SWC was under 5%), only respiration was observed for LL, TH, LN and HL. According to SWC values at P_n=0 in the quadratic equations (R²=0.980~0.997) of P_n with SWC, drought resistance was reduced with an order of TH>ZT>LL>HL>LN. There were distinctive differences among five provenances in their responses to progressive soil drought.

论文

Effects of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Hosta ventricosa

WANG Wei;DONG Ran;LI Xiao-Dong;SUN Guo-Feng;ZHANG Jin-Zheng*;JIANG Chuang-Dao

2009, 29(5):  544-548.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.008

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Effects of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer(CRNF) on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Hosta at different growth stages were studied in this paper using H.ventricosa potted seedlings under 50% shade condition. The results showed as follows: N₁ treatment(4 g CRNF) and N₂ treatment(8 g CRNF) could increase dry weight at different growth stages of Hosta; could significantly increase Chlb content at morphogenesis stage(MS), Chla, Chlb and Car. contents at booting stage(BS) and flowering stage(FS); and could significantly increase P_n at different growth stages of Hosta. F_v/F_m, Ф_PSⅡ, F′_v/F′_m of N₁ treatment were significantly higher than control at BS and FS, F_v/F_m, Ф_PSⅡ, F′_v/F′_m of N₂ treatment were significantly higher than control at MS and FS, while only F_v/F_m at BS. There were no significant differences in qP between all CRNF treatments and control with the except N₁ treatment at MS. NPQ of all CRNF treatments had no significant differences with control at MS, but significantly lower than control at BS and FS.

Research on Physiological Characteristics of Salt Resistance in Iris lactea var.chinensis

XU Yu-Feng;WANG Lei;WANG Wen-Yuan;SONG Zhe;WANG Dan

2009, 29(5):  549-552.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.008

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The physiological characteristics of salt resistance in Iris lactea var.chinensis was studied by using solution culture. The results showed that NaCl stress made ChlorophyⅡ content, dry weight and plant height decreased in I.lactea var.chinensis. NaCl stress increased production rate of active oxygen and permeability of plasma membrane as a result,MDA contents and relative electrolytic leakage increased. With the time of salt stress and salt density increased, the growth of I.lactea var.chinensis has been seriously affected. Adjusting osmotic substance such as proline and soluble protein has the much more impact on salt resistance in I.lactea var.chinensis.

Effects of Salt Stress on Growth and Physiological Characteristic of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedlings

LI Jing-Nan;LIU Qiang;JIA Zhi-Kuan*;WANG Ping-Ping

2009, 29(5):  553-558.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.009

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The Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedlings were treated with different NaCl concentrations under water culture. Morphological indices and physiological indices were measured and analyzed. The result indicated that：Along with the increase of salt concentrations, the chlorophyll contents and the fluorescent parameters (F_v/F_o and F_v/F_m) decreased, the MDA contents increased. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) first rose and then decreased as the salt concentration increased; the seedlings under 0.7% NaCl stress had the highest POD activity, the POD activity gradually decreased when the concentration rose to 1.0% and 1.3%. The contents of proline increased evidently with the increasing of NaCl concentrations, but the soluble sugar only increased in roots. With the NaCl stress degree intensifying, the death rate also increased, and reached 53.33% and 76.67%. It was thus suggested that the seedlings treated with 0.4%~0.7% NaCl showed strong resistance; when treated with 1.0%~1.3% NaCl, the seedlings were badly influenced.

Toxic Effects of Cr⁶⁺ on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters,Antioxidant Systems and Ultrastructure of Potamogeton crispus

CHEN Hui;SHI Guo-Xin*;XU Qin-Song;Wang Hong-Xia;Yang Hai-Yan;PAN Qiu-Hong

2009, 29(5):  559-564.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.010

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The toxic effects of Cr⁶⁺(0,1,10,30,50 mg·L^-1) on chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, antioxidant systems, soluble protein, lipid peroxidation, soluble sugar, active oxygen generation and ultrastructure changes in leaf of Potamogeton crispus were studied. The results showed that with increasing concentration of Cr⁶⁺,the contents of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a/b decreased gradually, and F_o enhanced progressively up to 10 mg·L^-1 Cr⁶⁺ and followed by a decline at higher dose. F_v/F_m, F_m and F_v/F_o decreased gradually. Soluble protein content and ascorbic acid(AsA) content enhanced and followed by a decline, glutathione(GSH) content decreased gradually.The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) decreased gradually, and activities of peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), ascorbate peroxidase(APX), glutathione reductase(GR) increased first and then decreased. While O₂^—·, MDA and soluble sugar content enhanced and followed by a decline. Transmission electron microscope observation indicated that Cr⁶⁺ also imposed injury action on ultrastructure of leaf cells, swelling of chloroplast and breakage of chloroplast envelope, decreasing of cristae quantity and vacuolization of mitochondria were observed. The conclusion could be reached that the plant death was resulted from destruction under structure foundation of physiological function, disorder of physiological metabolism.

Characteristics of Leaf Color Maintenance during Different Growth Phases in Leaf Color Chimeras of Anthurium andreaeanum cv ‘Sonate’

CHEN Xing-Xu;ZHANG Qi;WANG Guang-Dong*

2009, 29(5):  565-570.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.011

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After continual observation and computer program assistant analysis of variegation on 20 different leaf color chimeral plantlets of Anthurium andreaeanum cv ‘Sonate’ during 3 different growth phases, we found that in tissue culture condition both ratio of chimeral leaf quantities to all plantlet leaf quantities and ratio of non-green part to total leaf areas per plantlet were the highest, respectively at 81% and 50.1%. After transplanting to greenhouse, 7 of 9 plantlets with non-green part over 50% could not naturally grow and gradually perish, furthermore, quantities of new variegated leaves were reduced, ratio of chimeral leaf quantities and ratio of non-green part decreased, respectively at 46.2% and 23.0%. New leaves tended to present full green. However, ratio of non-green part increased in 5 plantlets after using nutritional liquid. All these phenomena indicated that: plenteous nutrition is better for variegation maintenance, it is difficult to live chimeral plantlet with non-green part over 50% and competition between wild type cells and mutant cells must exist in shoot apical meristem during leaf primordium formation, and the result of which is reciprocal substitution or achieving active balance.

Effects of GA₃ and IAA Spraying on the Correlated Enzyme Activities in the Lignin Biosynthesis of Neosinocalamus affinis and its Relationships with the Lignin Content and S/G

HU Shang-Lian;JIA Ju-Qing;CHEN Hong-Chun;CAO Ying;SUN Xia;LU Xue-Qin;HAN Ying

2009, 29(5):  571-576.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.012

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The effects of spraying the different concentration and combination of gibberellin acid (GA₃) with indol-3-yl acetic acid (IAA) on the correlated enzyme activities in the lignin biosynthesis of Neosinocalamus affinis and their relationships with the lignin content and S/G were studied. It aims to provide the theoretical evidence for the quality cultivation and genetic improvement. The results showed that the treatment of GA-350IAA200 increased the enzyme activities of 4CL, but the GA-3200IAA50 repressed the enzyme activities of 4CL about 50 days after spraying GA₃ and IAA, and changed the tends of dynamic changes of 4CL enzyme activities compared with the control. The GA₃ and IAA could improve the CAD enzyme activities and significantly repress the PAL enzyme activities. After spraying the different concentration and combination of GA₃ with IAA, the correlated analysis results showed that the negative relationships of the 4CL enzyme activities with the lignin content and S/G value were found, the positive relationships of the PAL enzyme activities with the lignin content was not significant, the positive or negative relationships of the CAD enzyme activities with the lignin content and S/G value were not significant. The correlated enzyme activities in the lignin biosynthesis were regulated by spraying the different concentration and combination of GA₃ with IAA, but the effects of GA₃ and IAA on the correlated enzyme activities were related to their concentration and combination.

Cloning and Sequence Anaylisis of δ-OAT Gene from Erianthus arundinaceus

WU Yang;HE Li;LI Wei;ZHANG Mu-Qing*

2009, 29(5):  577-584.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.013

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The complete cDNA sequence of orn-δ-aminotransferase (OAT) gene was obtained from Erianthus arundinaceus and was cloned by reverse-transcript-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) technologies. The acquired gene was 1 680 bp in full length, encoding 454 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence blast results showed that compared to that from mammal, higher plant and microorganism, δ-OAT gene from E.arundinaceus shared the highest homology (87%) with relative genera plant, Saccharum officinarum, 70% homology with other higher plants and 60% homology with animal. No N-terminal mitochondrial transit peptide (MTP) was found in the amino acid sequence encoded by δ-OAT gene from E.arundinaceus, which was the same as that from S.officinarum. Complete domain of OAT, rocD, was included in δ-OAT gene from E.arundinaceus. Expression level of δ-OAT gene from E.arundinaceus treated with 30% polyethylene glycol (PEG) was studied using real-time PCR technology, which showed that after treated 12 hours with PEG, the expression level reached the highest, 4.1 times as that of the comparison, but got lower after stressed 2 hours.

Biosorption and Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals Copper，Lead and Zinc by a Submerged Aquatic Plant Potamogeton crispus L. at Low Temperature

SHEN Jia;JI Gui-Qin;XU Wen;ZHOU Xing-Long;SHI Fu-Chen*

2009, 29(5):  585-591.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.014

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Experiments were conducted to study the biosorption properties of heavy metals (copper，lead and zinc) by Potamogeton crispus which flourishes in winter and spring at relatively low temperature(10℃).Removal ratio of heavy metals in water with different initial heavy metal concentrations by P.crispus was studied as well. We also studied heavy metal bioaccumulation by different organs (leaf, stem, rhizome and root) of P.crispus. The results showed that Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ sorption by P.crispus reached balance within 20 min whereas Pb²⁺ sorption reached balance within 50 min. The results of sorption kinetics conformed to the pseudo second order kinetics equation with correlativity coefficient reaching 1, 1, 0.997 8, respectively. Freundlich sorption isotherm was well fit for Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺ sorption process by P.crispus. Sorption capability for Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺ were 66.900 6, 26.543 0, 30.371 8 mg·L^-1, respectively. In the desorption test, the desorption ratios of all Cu²⁺， Pb²⁺，Zn²⁺ initial concentration were nearly zero. Removal ratio of heavy metals from water was high after planting P.crispus. With the initial heavy metal concentration increased, removal ratio of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ firstly declinced and then increased whereas removal ratio of Zn²⁺ was gradually increased. Bioaccumulation capability of different organs was distinguishing. Bioaccumulation capability was Cu²⁺＞Zn²⁺＞Pb²⁺. The same heavy metal content in different organs had marked difference. Leaf was the main heavy metal bioaccumulation organ. The initial heavy metal concentration of water may affect heavy metal bioaccumulation capability of every organ. Generally, with increasing initial heavy metal concentration, content of heavy metals in organs increased differently but bioaccumulation concentration of organs of P.crispus decreased.

Uptake and Distribution of ¹³³Cs and ⁸⁸Sr in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)

WEN Fang-Ping;WANG Dan;*;XU Chang-He;XU Feng-Ting;ZHANG Zhi-Wei;ZHANG Xiao-Xue

2009, 29(5):  592-596.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.015

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The uptake and distribution of stable ¹³³Cs and ⁸⁸Sr in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were studied by pot experiments. The results showed that the content of ¹³³Cs or ⁸⁸Sr in leaf increased with the increasing soil concentration of each element. The ⁸⁸Sr content in sunflower leaf was generally one order of magnitude higher than that of ¹³³Cs in each same treatment level. The ¹³³Cs and ⁸⁸Sr were unevenly distributed in the different organs. The ¹³³Cs concentration was higher in roots than in other plant organs (stems, leaves, flowers). Contrary to the distribution of ¹³³Cs in plant, ⁸⁸Sr, except for roots, were mainly translocated to leaves. The distribution of cesium and strontium are agreed with the results of present research on radioactive ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr, ¹³³Cs and ⁸⁸Sr could be useful to understand and predict the long-term movements of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr, respectively. Sunflower is the acceptable plants for phytoremediation to the low-level radioactive soil.

Research Crown Diameter and Diameter at Breast Height Relations of Ten Kinds of Major Natural Secondary Broad-leaved Tree in Maoershan

DAI Fu;LI Feng-Ri;JIA Wei-Wei;CHEN Yun

2009, 29(5):  597-602.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.016

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In accordance with natural secondary forest Maoershan 30 standard wood seized each foot measured data, set up Maoershan Heaven 10 kind the relationship between crown diameter and diameter at breast height and the relatianship diameter at breast height and(cd/D), this article also discusses the (cd/D) ratio in the space of trees, basal area and stand density and thinning regimes on the application. Study shows that: 10~30 cm in diameter at breast height between the correlation coefficient (R²) at 0.8 above, the relationship between crown diameter and diameter at breast height in a straight line approximation. Different species of trees of different sizes (cd/D) ratio analysis, can be seen as an increase in the ratio of diameter at breast height is gradually decreased, and the trend of decrease with the increase in height has stabilized, and finally tends to a constant.

Populus nigra×Populus deltoids “108” Transformed the Chimeric Genes of Spider Insecticidal and Bt

YU Wen-Jing;ZOU Chuan-Shan;WANG Zhi-Ying*;ZHANG Guo-Cai

2009, 29(5):  603-606.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.017

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Using the agrobacterium-mediated approach, the anti-insect gene (the chimeric genes of spider insecticidal and Bt) was successfully transformed into the acceptor of Populus nigra×Populus deltoids “108” as explant. Through PCR analysis, the agarose gel electrophoresis result displayed that six of eight Kanamycin fastness seedlings had target genes; Through PCRSouthern blots analysis, the result showed that the positive rate was 50%, and further indicated that the target genes had been inserted into the genomes of Populus nigra×Populus deltoids “108” plants successfully.

Primary Study on Hepaticae from Gansu Province

WU Yu-Huan;CHEN Long;LI Wei;GAO Chien

2009, 29(5):  607-614.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.018

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78 species and varieties in 30 genera and 18 families of liverworts are reported based on specimens from Gansu Province. Among them, 35 species, 11 genera and 3 families (Radulaceae, Wiesnerellaceae, Pallavicinaceae) are new to Gansu Province. Floristic analysis shows that North temperate elements take up the majority, approximately 43.24%, followed by East Asian elements, accounting for 22.97%. The floristics of liverworts in Gansu Province obviously shows temperate characters.

Discussion on the Name and Nomenclatural Type of the Genus of Qiongzhuea Hsueh et Yi and Qiongzhuea tumidinoda Hsueh et Yi

MA Li-Sha;YI Tong-Pei;*;SHI Jun-Yi;YANG Lin;WANG Hai-Tao

2009, 29(5):  615-619.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.019

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The Genus of Qiongzhuea Hsueh et Yi was established in 1980. Its type species was based on Q. tumidinoda Hsueh et Yi. Because bamboo is perennial plant, does not flower and fruit every year and it has only a florescence in life. At that time, we considered the property of biology on bamboo flowering, and in order to identify the Qiongzhuea taxon of its infragenus and its species more easily and exactly, we selected specimens with flower and fruit branch of Wang Fangyu, Xiong Zhiquan and Yang Kaitai 11563 and vegetagive of Yi Tongpei 73001 as common syntypes of Q. tumidinoda Hsueh et Yi. According to the relative rules in the Interntional Code of Batanical Nomenclature (Tokyo Code, 1994. Art. 8.1.), only one specimen can be selected when naming a new species or infraspecific taxon, however, in this case stipulated definitely in Leningrad Code, Art. 7. 5.1975; St. Louis Code, 2000 and Vienna Code, Art. 37.3. 2006, lectotype may be selected among them. So we select specimen with flower and fruit branch of Wang Fangyu, Xiong Zhiquan and Yang Kaitai 11563(fl. fr.) as lectotype of Qiongzhuea Hsueh et Yi between the two numbers , and genus of Q. tumidinoda Hsueh et Yi and Q. tumidinoda Hsueh et Yi can be published validly.

An Description on the Reproductive Organs of Bambusa diaoluoshanensis Chia et H.L.Fung

CHEN Song-He

2009, 29(5):  620-622.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.020

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There was no description or record for the reproductive organs of Bambusa diaoluoshanensis Chia et H. L. Fung in the “Chinese Flora”［Tomus 9(1)］ and other related literature. In this paper, the author gathered and manufactured its reproductive organ specimen and described it both in Latin and in Chinese. Its main features were: the flowering branch 70~170 cm; the inflorescence is racemes or simple panicle; the axis of inflorescence is thick, and the node is distict; there are 4~5 florets in a spikelet, and the spikelet is non-stem; small rachis internodes glabrous, and the pikelet like a stick; there are 2 membrane glume; the lemma is longer or equal to the palea; there are 2 squamas, and 6 stamens; its ovarium like ovatum; there are 3 brushy tigmas; did not see the caryopsis; flowering February-March. The specimen was collected from Xiamen Botanical Garden.

Culture in Vitro and Rapid Propagation System with Potentilla fruiticosa ‘Gold Drop’

MA Ying;LI Kai-Long;TIAN Xin-Hua;LI Jing

2009, 29(5):  623-627.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.021

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The buds of Potentilla fruiticosa ‘Gold Drop’ was chosen the adapted primarily culture explants by experiment. The best medium was screened for axillary budprimarily culture, bud seedling subculture multiplication and tissue culture shoot rooting by L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experiment. The rapid propagation system of P.fruiticosa ‘Gold Drop’, axillary bud induction-subculture multiplication-rooting culture, was formed. The result showed The differentiation medium of axillary bud induction was MS+6-BA 2 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1. MS, 6-BA and NAA was the main factors and MS＞6-BA＞NAA. The induction rate was reached to 96.33%. 6-BA was the principal hormone that affects the proliferation of P.fruiticosa buds which showed a significant discrepancy（p=0.000 1）, and the reproduction effect was the best when the concentration was 2.0 mg·L^-1. MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.6 mg·L^-1+KT 0.2 mg·L^-1 were defined as the optimum mediums with the multiples of proliferation in 15 days reaching 6.12. KT and NAA were the main factors on affecting rooting by variance analysis and IBA was no influencing. So KT and NAA were chosen for inducing hormone.The optimal rooting medium was MS+NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1+KT 1.0 mg·L^-1 by multiple comparison.The rooting number was 8.63 and rooting rate reached to 95.33%.

Analysis of Genetic Relationship of Hainan Litchi Germplasm Resources by SSR Marker

YAO Qing-Rong;ZHAO Chang-Zeng;WANG Wen-Quan*

2009, 29(5):  628-632.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.022

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22 Litchi germplasm were used as materials for analyzing their genome polymorphism by SSR markers. 22 primers selected from 32 primers were used for SSR amplification. A total of 52 bands were generated, of which 49 bands were polymorphic bands. The percentage of polymorphic band (PPB) was 94.23%. According to the analysis results of POPGENE32 software, the average effective number of alleles(Ne), the Nei’s average gene diversity (H) and the average of Shannon’s genetic diversity(H_i′) index was 1.364 3, 0.296 0 and 0.417 0, respectively. The UPGAM dendrogram gotten by NTNSYS cluster analysis implied that 22 Litchi germplasm resources could be divided into 2 groups on the basis of genetic distance 0.51. The fist group included 13 cultivars. The second group included 9 cultivars.

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Pinus koraiensis Plantation in CaoHekou Forest Farm by ISSR Marker

CHEN Jia-Yuan;JING Jing;GAO Song;JIN Guo-Liang;ZHANG Heng-Qing*

2009, 29(5):  633-636.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.023

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With ISSR method, the paper studied genetic diversity of 60 individuals in two populations of Pinus koraiensis plantation in Benxi CaoHekou forest farm. Through the amplification of ISSR with 14 primers, 90 loci in which 65 were polymorphic were detected and percentage of polymorphic loci was 0.722 2. Nei’s index showed the levels of genetic diversity of Xiquegou population (0.278 9) was higher than Lieshimu population (0.271 2); Shannon’s index got the same result with Nei’s. This study confirmed that P.koraiensis plantation in CaoHekou forest farm save the more genetic diversity.

Optimization of Synthesis Process of Isoliquiritigenin

MA Yong-Ting;LUO Hao;LI Shuang-Ming;LI Zheng-Nan;FU Yu-Jie;*

2009, 29(5):  637-640.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.05.024

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Isoliquiritigenin was synthesized with 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone and 4Hydroxybenzaldehyde as the starting materials by protecting of hydroxy, Aldol Addition and deprotecting. The reaction conditions of the key step-Aldol Addition, including catalyst, ratio of substrates, temperature, solvent and time were optimized. Results showed that the optimal condition of the key step were as follows: catalyst Ba(OH)₂, solvent MeOH, M(4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde):M(2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone)=1.8∶1, tempetature 45℃, and time 12 h. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of the reaction achieved the highest(77.9%). In addition, the reaction system was simple and easily purified.