Silicon-mediated Regulation on Polysaccharides Synthesis of Codonopsis pilosula under Drought Stress Based on EMP and TCA cycle Pathways

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.01.011

Abstract

Abstract:

In recent years， frequent extreme weather and uneven distribution of rain have caused water shortage in the key growth period of Codonopsis pilosula， leading to declines in quality and yield. To solve this problem， this study used Codonopsis pilosula as the object， investigated the regulatory effects of C. pilosula polysaccharides（CPPs） synthesis under drought stress by siliconaddition based on glycolysis （EMP） and tricarboxylic acid cycle（TCA）. Three groups were set up： water（CK）， drought by 15% PEG-6000（D） and drought by 15% PEG-6000 after silicon treatment（Si+D）. In Si+D group， 200 mL of 2 mmol?L^-1 potassium silicate solution was applied to each basin on the 7th day before drought treatment. EMP and TCA-related substances， enzymes activity and key genes expression were measured at 7， 14 and 21 days respectively after drought treatment. Meanwhile， the contents of CPPs and its biosynthesis-related substances were measured to analyze comprehensively the regulation of CPPs synthesis by silicon under drought stress. The results showed that：（1） Drought stress weakened the content of photosynthetic pigment of C. pilosula， accelerated the consumption of sucrose， fructose and glucose， and enhanced the energy consumption in EMP and TCA pathways for the synthesis and accumulation of starch and polysaccharide， and there was a mutual fluctuation of yield and quality. （2） The silicon addition enhanced the content of relative leaf water of C. pilosula， inhibited the content of photosynthetic pigments， increased the sucrose and fructose contents， decreased the enzymes activity related to starch synthesis and increased the enzymes activity related to starch decomposition， resulting in the decrease of starch and polysaccharide contents， but the overall yield of C. pilosula were increased. Silicon addition promoted the EMP pathway of C. pilosula under drought stress， prevented the TCA cycle process， and made pyruvic acid， the end product of EMP， synthesize into citric acid and its accumulation. The application of silicon might affect the photosynthesis of C. pilosula， regulate the energy generation and distribution of EMP and TCA pathways， enhance the ability of C. pilosula to resist drought， and play a positive role in the synthesis of polysaccharide and the quality and yield of C. pilosula. However， with the extension of drought stress time， the regulation effect was weakened gradually.

Key words: Codonopsis pilosula, drought stress, silicon, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides

CLC Number:

Q945.1

Chu HUANG, Mingyue HE, Meile SUN, Yanhong CHEN, Huizhen WANG. Silicon-mediated Regulation on Polysaccharides Synthesis of Codonopsis pilosula under Drought Stress Based on EMP and TCA cycle Pathways[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(1): 98-110.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Table 1

Silicon-mediated effects on enzymes activity in polysaccharides synthesis pathway of C. pilosula under drought stress

酶 Enzyme	胁迫时间 Stress time/d	不同处理下各部位的酶活性 Enzyme activity of different parts under different treatments
		CK		D		Si+D
		叶Leaves	根Roots	叶Leaves	根Roots	叶Leaves	根Roots
蔗糖磷酸合成酶 SPS/（U·mg^-1）	7	10.90±0.16	15.59±0.17	12.10±0.88	13.37±2.13	13.40±0.68^*	15.61±1.33
	14	12.52±0.60^**	14.47±0.67	8.77±0.83	13.32±1.05	10.40±0.45^*	14.70±2.08
	21	9.42±0.68	14.55±1.30	8.31±1.38	13.04±0.53	8.14±1.39	16.09±1.05^**
蔗糖合成酶 SS/（U·mg^-1）	7	18.80±0.38^**	19.79±3.52	15.67±1.37	21.38±2.37	17.33±0.71	21.47±1.51
	14	17.76±0.29	21.49±1.28	16.00±1.83	18.62±2.43	18.82±1.80	20.53±1.63
	21	17.33±0.57^**	18.59±2.04	12.28±0.31	15.54±1.89	22.58±1.66^**	18.75±1.25
酸性转化酶 AI/（U·mg^-1）	7	164.93±5.38^**	94.38±13.81	134.35±8.62	109.09±18.85	130.67±14.06	90.03±14.81
	14	130.38±9.81	90.80±11.72	131.16±12.41	76.09±5.87	139.77±10.72	77.35±3.55
	21	131.25±14.02	76.48±8.50	128.35±3.57	63.22±12.44	146.25±1.02^*	81.03±1.54^*
中性转化酶 NI/（U·mg^-1）	7	80.79±4.40	81.35±1.32	73.21±3.54	78.09±3.66	75.09±5.20	87.75±2.91^**
	14	79.26±7.81	96.85±5.51	87.09±5.71	91.01±5.76	77.23±6.84	94.67±1.85
	21	81.55±6.17	98.02±6.72	83.68±3.21	95.33±4.04	91.31±6.87	92.48±2.32
α-淀粉酶 α-AL/（U·g^-1）	7	4.57±0.22^*	5.05±0.15^*	3.79±0.40	4.39±0.18	4.66±0.48^*	4.57±0.40
	14	6.17±0.31	4.96±0.20^**	5.88±0.25	4.35±0.13	6.33±0.33	5.12±0.05^**
	21	7.52±0.49^**	4.06±0.26	6.13±0.41	3.47±0.10	6.08±0.35	4.06±0.46
β-淀粉酶 β-AL/（U·g^-1）	7	20.98±0.76	15.08±1.61	19.22±1.01	15.79±2.22	20.56±1.47	19.95±3.42
	14	21.75±1.90^**	24.50±0.70	15.28±1.88	23.16±0.55	22.89±1.13^**	22.43±1.21
	21	19.47±2.92	21.75±1.92^**	18.75±1.02	17.27±0.50	20.08±2.47	16.43±0.73
结合态淀粉合成酶 GBSS/（U·g^-1）	7	2.67±0.18^**	2.40±0.12	3.20±0.10	2.59±0.08	2.85±0.21^*	2.38±0.17
	14	2.84±0.10^*	2.36±0.20	3.18±0.17	2.52±0.04	2.83±0.19^*	2.21±0.18
	21	3.01±0.18	1.87±0.05^*	3.17±0.09	2.18±0.06	2.79±0.04^**	2.23±0.18
可溶性淀粉合成酶 SSS/（U·g^-1）	7	5.81±0.49^**	6.62±0.25	7.59±0.72	6.59±0.23	6.64±0.29	6.12±0.37
	14	6.65±0.16	5.24±0.04	6.93±0.34	5.58±0.18	6.36±0.11^*	5.10±0.25^*
	21	6.49±0.15^**	5.49±0.25	7.35±0.12	5.41±0.18	6.49±0.27^**	5.32±0.14
腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶 AGPase/（U·g^-1）	7	176.99±2.11^*	153.67±7.96	193.85±6.80	159.26±4.02	199.97±7.58	163.36±10.15
	14	195.33±5.90	133.99±8.30	201.22±8.58	143.92±4.47	190.52±8.39	127.73±14.59
	21	161.99±5.55^*	129.82±1.56	171.54±4.87	129.08±8.62	145.43±1.89^**	128.78±10.43

Table 1

Fig.5

Fig.6

Table 2

Silicon-mediated effects on activity of the enzymes in EMP and TCA cycle under drought stress

酶 Enzyme	胁迫时间 Stress time/d	不同处理下各部位的酶活性 Enzyme activity of different parts under treatments
		CK		D		Si+D
		叶Leaves	根Roots	叶Leaves	根Roots	叶Leaves	根Roots
己糖激酸 HK/（U·g^-1）	7	259.70±21.99^**	46.75±5.78	162.13±33.65	34.87±6.33	129.48±14.00	47.49±7.41
	14	134.30±11.20^**	41.92±0.64	100.27±8.02	33.02±2.57	96.09±5.60	38.21±7.58
	21	130.22±4.85^**	32.65±1.28	186.98±19.50	33.02±6.13	218.89±18.03^*	37.84±2.23
磷酸果糖激酶 PFK/（U·g^-1）	7	337.35±55.88^*	309.45±14.95^**	222.00±34.20	404.70±18.46	309.45±51.68	414.60±40.31
	14	254.10±50.74	485.85±33.97	265.05±17.24	453.75±54.15	219.60±13.28	491.70±19.74
	21	358.80±18.22	486.30±27.03^*	293.70±43.11	436.50±29.52	255.75±40.50	498.75±14.18^*
丙酮酸激酶 PK/（U·g^-1）	7	0.33±0.02	0.26±0.02	0.36±0.02	0.30±0.03	0.32±0.00^*	0.21±0.02^**
	14	0.30±0.03	0.37±0.00^**	0.29±0.00	0.32±0.02	0.28±0.03	0.25±0.01^**
	21	0.27±0.02	0.26±0.01^**	0.26±0.01	0.30±0.02	0.32±0.02^**	0.39±0.01^**
丙酮酸脱氢酶 PDH/（U·g^-1）	7	741.56±21.62^**	537.04±9.50^**	865.21±43.54	736.40±9.02	870.63±10.99	689.88±24.40^*
	14	811.59±22.37^**	676.12±44.02	720.63±17.05	657.07±25.07	682.78±35.11	533.68±24.72^**
	21	647.83±19.94^**	546.47±30.09^**	593.76±19.33	736.01±32.69	671.02±11.96^**	695.44±31.04
异柠檬酸脱氢酶 ICD/（U·g^-1）	7	28.72±0.64^*	22.63±0.28^*	33.55±3.26	21.64±0.27	31.60±1.83	27.18±0.73^**
	14	30.80±0.66^**	26.77±0.75	28.10±0.51	26.20±0.75	26.97±1.04	25.99±0.74
	21	25.93±0.59^**	22.91±1.22^*	24.32±0.58	27.75±2.11	26.62±0.36^**	27.35±0.92
琥珀酸脱氢酶 SDH/（U·g^-1）	7	79.63±1.70^**	153.33±2.94	56.30±2.31	147.04±4.21	71.00±2.06^**	109.26±4.62^**
	14	70.00±5.77	103.70±6.51	73.70±4.62	104.81±11.78	73.70±4.62	87.78±3.33^*
	21	66.67±3.85^**	112.96±6.70^**	81.85±5.70	86.67±2.22	56.30±2.80^**	98.52±7.06^*
苹果酸脱氢酶 MDH/（U·g^-1）	7	1.54±0.03^**	21.81±1.06	2.05±0.06	20.19±1.11	1.43±0.08^**	20.08±1.22
	14	1.34±0.12^*	25.16±1.09	1.55±0.10	24.69±0.40	1.33±0.16^*	19.81±1.82^**
	21	0.82±0.04^**	16.76±0.26^**	1.42±0.10	25.69±2.03	1.10±0.11^*	18.73±0.70^**

Table 2

Fig.7

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