Abstract: Twelve populations of Picea koraiensis are collected typically within its distribution from Changbai Mountains, its branches Zhangguanchai Mount, Laoyie Mount and Wanda Mount, to Xiaox-ing'an Mountains and Dasing'an Mountains, with interspersed areas of internai Mogul grassland and Sikshote Mountains. The theories and methods of genetics are applied which include Population Genetics, Ecological Genetics, Physiological Genetics, Molecular Genetics, Forest Genetics and Forest-ry Breeding as well as Statistics such as PCA and Cluster. The variations within population and among populations are systematically studied from phenotype to molecular Ievel and the relationship among the characters of various parents and their progenies, feature in allozyme and their relative ecological environment factors are analyzed. The results indicate as follows:it is first in parent bio-system characters, the morphology, growth, bio-mass and mineral elements of progeny seedlings that the genetic variation of Picea koraiensis is conducted. There are abundant variations in it and its genetic variation within a population is larger than among populations. Among 21 gene loci in 11 enzymes testing, poly-morphic loci makes up about 27.2 percent of total. The variation within population is 15.2 percent and among populations is 84.2 percent. In contrast with other species in Picea spp., the ratio of major allozyme loci within population of Picea koraiensis belongs to lower level, while that among populations reaches to higher Ievel. The genetic variations in allozyme, comparing with morphology, show a similar tendency. According to the characters of parent and progeny of Picea koraiensis and their relative climatic factors, the area of seed allocation are divided into six sections; Ⅰ Changbai Mountains area, Ⅱ Laoyie Mount-Wanda Mount area, Ⅲ Xiaoxing'an Mountains area, Ⅳ North part of Daxing' an Mountains, V Southwest part of Daxing' an Mountains, Ⅵ Sikshote area.

Key words: Picea koraiensis, population, genetic variation, seed divisition, genetic improvement