Analysis on Variation of Floral Organ Traits in Distant Hybrids of Catalpa bungei

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.02.007

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the phenotypic variation degree and regularity of flower organ traits in distant hybrids of Catalpa bungei， 12 distant hybrid species of C. bungei were used as materials， statistical analysis methods such as variance analysis， correlation analysis， and cluster analysis were used to study their phenological characteristics， inflorescence traits， flower traits， and color traits during flowering. The results showed that there were significant differences in phenological characteristics during the flowering period of the distant hybrid species of C. bungei. The hybrid of C. bungei and C. ovata was pseudo three-branch， with strong differentiation ability of flower buds， and multiple rounds of flowering in the year of grafting， and the flowering period of over 100 days， exhibited maternal traits. The floral organ characteristics of hybrid species of C. bungei were significantly different， with seven to nine rounds of lateral branches in the inflorescence axis， and the main axis was an infinite inflorescence， and the lateral branches were dichasium， and the transition from the bottom to the top was a cyme inflorescence， which was a transitional trait from a limited inflorescence of C. bungei to an infinite inflorescence of C. ovata. The variation ranges of total flower length， flower tube diameter， flower tube length， corolla width， peduncle length， pistil length， anther length， stamen length， and sterile stamen length were 35.42-50.36， 10.84-16.13， 16.57-24.68， 31.58-44.87， 9.07-31.99， 19.44-27.52， 4.85-5.89， 13.93-21.10， 3.66-6.79 mm， respectively. The variation coefficient ranged from 10.88%-31.02%， and the diversity index ranged from 1.36-1.93. Based on the nine traits， the 12 hybrids were clustered into three types： large flower type， medium flower type and small flower type. There were significant differences in flower color among C. bungei hybrids.The values of L*， a* and b* were used to cluster the labellum flower spots color of the 12 hybrids into three categories， namely pinkish purple， purplish red and purple.

Key words: Catalpa bungei, distant hybridization, floral organ, genetic variation

CLC Number:

S685.99

Wenyu CAO, Junhui WANG, Yanhong YANG, Wenjun MA, fang LI, Linzhao ZHOU, Xingyue XIONG, Xiaoliang Hu, Guanyang MA, Kun ZHAO. Analysis on Variation of Floral Organ Traits in Distant Hybrids of Catalpa bungei[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(2): 220-231.

Figures/Tables 13

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig 2

Table 4

Table 5

Analysis of flower size characters of different individuals

单株 Individuals	花总长度 Total length of flower/mm	花筒直径 Flower tube diameter/mm	花筒长度 Flower tube length/mm	花冠宽度 Corolla width/mm	花梗长度 Peduncle length/mm
20-004	35.42±1.65e	10.84±0.60d	16.57±0.95g	31.58±1.94e	9.07±0.50f
20-006	36.94±2.35de	11.42±0.66d	16.88±0.94g	34.26±2.41de	10.73±1.29ef
19-001	43.57±3.40bc	14.58±1.48b	17.59±1.54gf	44.87±5.60a	13.43±2.30e
19-002	40.78±5.22c	14.11±0.92b	18.70±1.01ef	40.86±10.00abc	26.89±4.89bc
BRH-001	42.50±4.04c	14.42±1.35b	19.90±1.83de	43.04±4.34ab	23.38±2.88d
BRH-002	40.37±3.87cd	13.63±1.05bc	18.54±1.35f	40.95±4.96abc	25.60±6.49cd
BRH-003	46.50±5.712b	16.13±1.25a	22.05±1.75b	42.39±5.69ab	26.67±2.44bc
‘洛楸4号’	50.36±2.14a	15.75±1.26a	24.68±1.51a	43.44±3.64ab	31.99±3.93a
D-3	42.08±2.95c	12.76±0.67c	21.55±1.27bc	35.26±4.65de	29.82±4.69ab
X-1	42.68±3.89c	14.62±1.35b	21.05±1.59bcd	39.86±4.60bc	25.56±3.69cd
D-1	43.66±3.39bc	14.17±1.69b	20.68±1.32cd	37.55±3.72cd	26.05±3.23cd
S-1	40.93±6.36c	14.11±1.67b	21.08±2.22bcd	37.20±6.51cd	29.72±3.96ab
标准差 S_D	4.98	1.81	2.89	6.46	7.71
均值 Mean	42.08	14.24	20.35	40.35	24.85
最大值 Max	50.36	16.13	24.68	44.87	31.99
最小值 Min	35.42	10.84	16.57	31.58	9.07
F	10.46	25.68	61.95	11.65	70.14
变异系数/% C_V	11.83	12.74	14.20	16.01	31.02
多样性指数 $H'$	1.53	1.83	1.83	1.66	1.69

Table 5

Table 6

Analysis of stamen characters of different individuals

单株 Individuals	雌蕊长度 Pistil length/mm	花药长度 Anther length/mm	雄蕊长度 Stamen length/mm	不育雄蕊长度 Sterile stamen length/mm
20-004	19.49±1.17d	5.04±0.39cd	17.56±1.77e	3.66±0.49f
20-006	19.44±0.88d	5.04±0.34cd	17.25±1.40e	3.95±0.55f
19-001	22.76±1.81c	5.65±0.58ab	14.52±2.27de	4.35±1.89ef
19-002	20.29±1.14d	5.82±0.57a	15.54±1.00cd	5.37±1.05cd
BRH-001	24.27±1.49b	4.99±0.59cd	13.93±1.53e	4.16±0.58f
BRH-002	22.69±1.75c	5.64±0.35ab	16.25±2.63c	5.71±0.84bc
BRH-003	24.87±1.59b	4.85±0.44d	16.05±1.91c	4.55±0.64def
‘洛楸4号’	24.93±1.67b	5.89±0.57a	21.10±1.91a	6.79±1.18a
D-3	24.72±0.82b	5.16±0.33cd	16.61±1.29c	5.11±0.78cde
X-1	27.52±1.48a	4.99±0.35cd	18.55±1.04b	5.22±0.50cde
D-1	24.30±0.81b	5.14±0.30cd	19.22±0.67b	6.28±0.68ab
S-1	22.79±2.46c	5.33±0.39bc	19.34±2.16b	5.96±0.72abc
标准差 S_D	2.59	0.58	2.84	1.40
均值 Mean	23.40	5.36	17.11	5.17
最大值 Max	27.52	5.89	21.10	6.79
最小值 Min	19.44	4.85	13.93	3.66
F	40.33	13.21	35.83	16.88
变异系数/% C_V	11.06	10.88	16.62	27.04
多样性指数 $H'$	1.93	1.36	1.93	1.93

Table 6

Table 7

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

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编号 Num	单株 Individuals	母本 Female parent	父本 Male parent	树高 Height/m	胸径 D_BH/cm
1	20-004	‘百日花’楸树（C. bungei ‘Bairihua’）	梓树（C. ovata）	4.5	5.5
2	20-006	‘百日花’楸树（C. bungei ‘Bairihua’）	梓树（C. ovata）	5.5	6.0
3	19-001	‘洛楸4号’（C. bungei ‘Luoqiu4’）	梓树（C. ovata）	7.5	15.7
4	19-002	‘百日花’楸树（C. bungei ‘Bairihua’）	梓树（C. ovata）	7.0	12.8
5	BRH-001	‘洛楸4号’（C. bungei ‘Luoqiu4’）	‘滇楸2号’（C. fargesii f. duclouxii ‘Dianqiu2’）	7.5	11.7
6	BRH-002	‘洛楸4号’（C. bungei ‘Luoqiu4’）	‘滇楸2号’（C. fargesii f. duclouxii ‘Dianqiu2’）	8.0	11.9
7	BRH-003	‘洛楸4号’（C. bungei ‘Luoqiu4’）	‘滇楸2号’（C. fargesii f. duclouxii ‘Dianqiu2’）	19.0	30.0
8	‘洛楸4号’	楸树（C. bungei）	长果楸（C.longicarpa）	21.0	34.0
9	D-3	楸树（C. bungei）	滇楸（C. fargesii f. duclouxii）	15.0	29.0
10	X-1	楸树（C. bungei）	滇楸（C. fargesii f. duclouxii）	13.0	21.0
11	D-1	楸树（C. bungei）	灰楸（C. fargesii）	12.0	19.5
12	S-1	长果楸（C.longicarpa）	灰楸（C. fargesii）	20.0	26.0

单株 Individuals	开花持续时间 Flowering duration/d	开花树龄 Flowering age/a	开花习性 Flowering habit	侧枝量 Lateral branch number	花粉量 Pollen quantity
20-004	100	1	持续开花Continuous flowering	少Little	多Many
20-006	100	1	持续开花Continuous flowering	多Many	少Little
19-001	100	1	持续开花Continuous flowering	多Many	多Many
19-002	100	1	持续开花Continuous flowering	多Many	无Nothing
BRH-001	100	1	持续开花Continuous flowering	多Many	多Many
BRH-002	100	1	持续开花Continuous flowering	多Many	多Many
BRH-003	100	1	持续开花Continuous flowering	多Many	无Nothing
‘洛楸4号’	10~15	6	单次开花Single flowering	少Little	多Many
D-3	10~15	6	单次开花Single flowering	少Little	少Little
X-1	10~15	6	单次开花Single flowering	少Little	少Little
D-1	10~15	6	单次开花Single flowering	少Small	无Nothing
S-1	10~15	6	单次开花Single flowering	少Small	多Many

单株 Individuals	花序类型 Inflorescence types	花序轴轮数 Number of inflorescence axis whorls	花序每轮分枝数 Number of branches per round of inflorescence	花序每轮分枝花数 The number of flowers on each branch of an inflorescence	单花序花数 Number of flowers on a single inflorescence
20-004	顶生二歧聚伞圆锥花序Panical and dichasium	7~8	3	1~7	60~81
20-006	顶生二歧聚伞圆锥花序Panical and dichasium	8~9	3~4	1~7	72~110
19-001	顶生二歧聚伞圆锥花序Panical and dichasium	6~7	3	1~5	45~63
19-002	顶生伞房总状花序Raceme and corymb	2~5	3	1	6~15
BRH-001	顶生伞房总状花序Raceme and corymb	2~5	3	1	6~15
BRH-002	顶生伞房总状花序Raceme and corymb	2~5	3	1	6~15
BRH-003	顶生伞房总状花序Raceme and corymb	2~5	3	1	6~15
‘洛楸4号’	顶生聚伞总状花序Raceme and cyme	2~4	3	1~3	6~18
D-3	顶生伞房总状花序Raceme and corymb	2~4	3	1	6~12
X-1	顶生聚伞总状花序Raceme and cyme	2~5	3	1~3	6~18
D-1	顶生伞房总状花序Raceme and corymb	2~4	3	1~3	6~12
S-1	顶生聚伞总状花序Raceme and cyme	2~4	3	1~3	6~18

性状指标 Character index	花总长度 Total length of flower	花筒直径 Flower tube diameter	花筒长度 Flower tube length	花冠宽度 Corolla width	花梗长度 Peduncle length	雌蕊长度 Pistil length	花药长度 Anther length	雄蕊长度 Sterile stamenlength
花总长度 Total length of flower	—
花筒直径 Flower tube diameter	0.896^**	—
花筒长度 Flower tube length	0.853^**	0.718^**	—
花冠宽度 Corolla width	0.733^**	0.857^**	0.376	—
花梗长度 Peduncle length	0.661^*	0.664^*	0.851^**	0.374	—
雌蕊长度 Pistil length	0.708^**	0.690^**	0.758^**	0.463	0.640^**	—
花药长度 Anther length	0.297	0.246	0.099	0.437	0.257	-0.054	—
雄蕊长度 Stamen length	0.269	-0.067	0.525	-2.790	0.338	0.221	0.120	—
不育雄蕊长度 Parastamen length	0.592^*	0.513	0.694^*	0.273	0.797^**	0.430	0.537	0.662^**

[1]	Nan LI, Xiaoxia TIAN, Peichun MAO, Mingli ZHENG, LIN MENG, Lan YUN. Phenotype and Pigment Analysis of Flower Organs of Iris lactea var. chinensis [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(1): 51-61.
[2]	Tian SHI, Zhongmei MO, Min WU, Cai ZHAO. Phylogeography of Medicinal and Edible Homologous Plant Allium macrostemon [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(4): 574-583.
[3]	Xueyan ZHOU, Biying WANG, Xuefeng HAO, Xinguo HU, Jiangtao WU, Kai LANG, Qinbo HU, Xiyang ZHAO. Genetic Variation and Joint Selection of Growth and Wood Traits in Half-sib Families of Larix olgensis [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(3): 383-393.
[4]	Yibo Yin, Jixiang Li, Yingjie Guo, Ziting Lu, Ying Xiao, Hualing Liu, Yaguang Zhan, Fansuo Zeng. Variation of Lignin Content and Association Analysis of FmPAL Nucleotide Polymorphism in Progenies of Interspecific Hybrids of Fraxinus [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(2): 191-199.
[5]	Jiaming Zhao, Erqin Fan, Yi Liu, Zhi Wang, Junhui Wang, Guanzheng Qu. Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of CbuATX1,CbuATX1-like and CbuATX2 Genes from Catalpa bungei [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(1): 47-61.
[6]	Ping-Sheng ZHANG, Xi-Bing JIANG, Bang-Chu GONG, Yang XU, Jun-sheng LAI, Cong-Lian WU. Leaf Phenotype Variation and Heterosis in F₁ Progeny of Cross Between Castanea mollissima and C.henryi [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2021, 41(2): 281-294.
[7]	Xiang ZHAO, Xue SU, Hai-Yan WU, Hui ZHANG, Kun SUN. Floral Organogenesis of Hypericum przewalskii(Hypericaceae) and Its Systematic Implications [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2020, 40(6): 813-819.
[8]	MA Wen-Jun, YANG Gui-Juan, WANG Jun-Hui, ZHAO Kun. Flower Characters Variation of Different Individuals of Catalpa bungei [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2020, 40(3): 386-393.
[9]	LIU Bing-Yu, HUANG Gui-Hua, LIANG Kun-Nan, WANG Xi-Yang, CHEN Tian-Yu, ZHOU Zai-Zhi, YANG Guang. Evaluation of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Growth Traits in Teak(Tectona grandis L.f) Clones [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2020, 40(2): 209-216.
[10]	XIAO Yao, MA Wen-Jun, YI Fei, YANG Gui-Juan, WANG Qiu-Xia, WANG Ping, WANG Jun-Hui. Genetic Variation of Growth Traits and Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic Traits in Catalpa fargesii f. duclouxii Germplasm [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(6): 843-851.
[11]	LIU Hai-Rui, GAO Qing-Bo, ZHANG Fa-Qi, XING Rui, CHI Xiao-Feng, CHEN Shi-Long. Gnentic Diversity and Phylogeographic Structure of Triosteum pinnatifidum based Chloroplast DNA Sequence rbcL-accD [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(2): 278-283.
[12]	YUAN Xiu-Yun, XU Shen-Ping, WANG Ying-Bo, CUI Bo. Cloning of PhalPI Gene from Phalaenopsis and Its Expression in Floral Organ Mutants [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2017, 37(3): 416-423.
[13]	WU Wen-Jun, LU Juan, ZHAO Meng-Jiong, SHI Yan-Hu, JIANG Cheng-Ying. Flowering Biological Characteristics of Olea europaea(Chenggu 32) in the North Subtropical of China [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2017, 37(2): 236-241.
[14]	QIN Min, YIN Guang-Tian, YANG Jin-Chang, LI Rong-Sheng, ZOU Wen-Tao. Growth Traits Variation and Early Selection of Mytilaria laosensis Provenances and Families [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2017, 37(1): 139-146.
[15]	ZHANG Zhen；ZHANG Han-Guo；ZHANG Lei. Age Variations in Productivity and Family Selection of Open-Pollinated Families of Korean Pine(Pinus koraiensis*) [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2016, 36(2): 305-309.