Effects of Substrate Irrigation with Growth Retardants on Rooting of Cerasus humilis Softwood Cuttings

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.05.014

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the mechanism of different growth retardants applied through substrate drenching in regulating the rooting of Cerasus humilis softwood cuttings， semi-lignified shoots of C. humilis ‘Nongda No.6’ were used as cuttings in this study. Suitable concentrations and application timings of plant growth regulators were screened， and the dynamic changes of nutrients and endogenous hormones during the rooting process were analyzed under an optimal treatment. The results demonstrated that substrate drenching with different concentrations of paclobutrazol（PP333） and uniconazole（S3307） both promoted rooting. Among them， the treatment with 100 mg⋅L^-1 PP333 yielded the highest rooting rate（60.83%）， which was significantly higher than that of the control. Moreover， the treatment with 50 mg⋅L^-1 S3307 exhibited the optimal comprehensive performance in terms of rooting rate， cutting survival， and root system development， indicating its suitability for the softwood cutting propagation of C. humilis. When 50 mg⋅L^-1 S3307 was applied at 7， 14， and 21 days after cutting， the highest rooting rate （57.22%） was observed in 14-d treatment （S-14 d）. During the rooting process， the S-14 d treatment significantly enhanced the accumulation of soluble sugars， starch， and soluble proteins in the stem segments of cuttings， resulting in a higher carbon-to-nitrogen ratio that accelerated rooting speed and enhanced root quality. Meanwhile， the S-14 d treatment increased the contents of indole-3-acetic acid（IAA） and zeatin （ZT）， inhibited the accumulation of gibberellic acid（GA₃） and abscisic acid（ABA）， which optimized the hormone balance to facilitate cutting rooting. In conclusion， substrate drenching with 50 mg⋅L^-1 S3307 at 14 days after cutting effectively promoted the rooting of C. humilis softwood cuttings by regulating nutrient metabolism and endogenous hormone levels．

Key words: Cerasus humilis, softwood cutting, growth retardants, rooting, nutrients, endogenous hormones

CLC Number:

Q945

Xiaoyan WANG, Haonan WANG, Qianqian HE, Luting JIA, Shuai ZHANG, Pengfei WANG. Effects of Substrate Irrigation with Growth Retardants on Rooting of Cerasus humilis Softwood Cuttings[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(5): 938-947.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig.1

Table 4

Table 5

Fig.2

Fig. 3

References 36

[1]	吴春燕，韩潇怡，吴俊英，等.欧李营养价值及开发利用研究进展［J］.中国果树，2024（2）：1-5.
	Wu Chunyan， Han Xiaoyi， Wu Junying，et al.Research progress on nutritional value and development and utilization of Cerasus humilis（Bge.） Sok［J］.China Fruits，2024（2）：1-5.
[2]	姚泽，王祺，王大为.我国特有新型果树—中华钙果的产业发展设想［J］.果树资源学报，2026，7（2）：106-108.
	Yao Ze， Wang Qi， Wang Dawei.Prospects for industrial development of Cerasus humilis——a novel endemic fruit tree in China［J］.Journal of Fruit Resources，2026，7（2）：106-108.
[3]	叶丙鑫，陈小丽，谢淑琴，等.不同影响因子对干旱半干旱区欧李嫩枝扦插育苗生根的影响［J］.林业科技通讯，2024（11）：76-79.
	Ye Bingxin， Chen Xiaoli， Xie Shuqin，et al.Effects of different influencing factors on rooting of Cerasus humilis cuttings in arid and semi-arid areas［J］.Forest Science and Technology，2024（11）：76-79.
[4]	覃芳，张俊杰，史艳财，等.叶面喷施多效唑对金槐生长及生理的影响［J］.湖北农业科学，2021，60（15）：96-100.
	Qin Fang， Zhang Junjie， Shi Yancai，et al.Effects of paclobutrazol treatment on the growth and physiology of Sophora japonica ‘Jinhuai’［J］.Hubei Agricultural Sciences，2021，60（15）：96-100.
[5]	Mauriat M， Petterle A， Bellini C，et al.Gibberellins inhibit adventitious rooting in hybrid aspen and Arabidopsis by affecting auxin transport［J］.The Plant Journal，2014，78（3）：372-384.
[6]	周再知，刘式超，张金浩，等.外源IBA对裸花紫珠扦插生根和内源激素含量变化的影响［J］.热带作物学报，2016，37（6）：1075-1080.
	Zhou Zaizhi， Liu Shichao， Zhang Jinhao，et al.Effects of IBA treatments on adventitious rooting and endogenous hormones contents of shoot cuttings of Callicarpa nudiflora ［J］.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops，2016，37（6）：1075-1080.
[7]	丛树春.多效唑对桧柏扦插生根效应的试验［J］.吉林林业科技，1998，27（4）：22.
	Cong Shuchun.An experiment on the effect of paclobutrazol on the cutting rooting of Sabina chinensis ［J］.Journal of Jilin Forestry Science and Technology，1998，27（4）：22.
[8]	黄源妹.多效唑对几种乡土树种扦插生根的影响［J］.陕西林业科技，2025，53（5）：23-28.
	Huang Yuanmei.Effect of paclobutrazol on the rooting of cuttings from several native tree species［J］.Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology，2025，53（5）：23-28.
[9]	杜俊杰.中国特有林果——欧李［M］.北京：中国农业科学技术出版社，2023.
	Du Junjie. Prunus humilis，a unique fruit in China［M］.China Agricultural Science and Technology Press，2023.
[10]	何倩倩，张婕，穆霄鹏，等.叶面喷施植物生长调节剂对欧李嫩枝扦插生根与生理变化的影响［J］.植物生理学报，2024，60（1）：108-116.
	He Qianqian， Zhang Jie， Mu Xiaopeng，et al.Effects of foliar spraying plant growth regulator on rooting and physiological changes of Cerasus humilis softwood cuttings［J］.Plant Physiology Journal，2024，60（1）：108-116.
[11]	穆霄鹏，牟小燕，亓新亮，等.不同生长延缓剂处理对欧李根状茎扦插生根的影响［J］.植物研究，2025，45（1）：88-97.
	Mu Xiaopeng， Mou Xiaoyan， Qi Xinliang，et al.Effects of different growth retardant treatments on rooting of Prunus humilis rhizome cuttings［J］.Bulletin of Botanical Research，2025，45（1）：88-97.
[12]	闫松涛.欧李根状茎扦插繁殖及生根的生理机制研究［D］.太谷：山西农业大学，2024.
	Yan Songtao.Research on the propagation and rooting of Cerasus humilis rhizome cuttings［D］.Taigu：Shanxi Agricultural University，2024.
[13]	王齐，张玉雯，白静怡，等.基于秩和比法的滇东南石漠化草原区植被恢复模式筛选［J］.云南农业大学学报（自然科学），2025，40（5）：170-177.
	Wang Qi， Zhang Yuwen， Bai Jingyi，et al.Screen of vegetation restoration patterns in rocky desertification grasslands of southeast Yunnan based on rank-sum ratio method［J］.Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University （Natural Science），2025， 40（5）：170-177.
[14]	季琳琳，孙维敏，陈素传，等.配比施肥对山核桃幼树生长生理特性的影响［J/OL］.扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版），2026-03-18..
	Ji Linlin， Sun Weimin， Chen Suchuan，et al.Effects of fertilization on growth and physiological characteristics for young stand of Carya cathayensis ［J］.Journal of Yangzhou University（Agricultural and Life Science Edition），2026-03-18..
[15]	刘玉玲，张红岩，滕长才，等.蚕豆SSR标记遗传多样性及与淀粉含量的关联分析［J］.作物学报，2022，48（11）：2786-2796.
	Liu Yuling， Zhang Hongyan， Teng Changcai，et al.Genetic diversity and its association analysis of SSR markers with starch content in faba bean （Vicia faba L.）［J］.Acta Agronomica Sinica，2022，48（11）：2786-2796.
[16]	庄红梅， YUNUSOV Salohiddinjon Adhamovich， KAISAER Rehemu，等.外源γ-氨基丁酸对乌兹别克斯坦芜菁农艺性状及生理特性的影响［J］.园艺学报，2026，53（3）：791-801.
	Zhuang Hongmei，Yunusov Salohiddinjon Adhamovich， Rehemu Kaisaer，et al.Effects of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid on agronomic traits and physiological characteristics of Uzbekistani turnip［J］.Acta Horticulturae Sinica，2026，53（3）：791-801.
[17]	Lykokanellos G， Lagogiannis I， Liopa-Tsakalidi A，et al.Optimizing rooting and growth of Salvia rosmarinus cuttings in soilless systems affected by growth regulators［J］.Plants，2025，14（14）：2210.
[18]	Lee S， Moon B， Kim S，et al.Effects of rooting substrates and plant growth regulators on rooting performance，photosynthetic characteristics，and soil properties of Broussonetia×kazinoki sieb. cuttings［J］.Forests，2025，16（11）：1752.
[19]	代丽华，段九东，邵齐飞，等.不同植物生长调节剂及浓度对猴欢喜嫩枝扦插生根的影响［J］.温带林业研究，2025，8（6）：26-30.
	Dai Lihua， Duan Jiudong， Shao Qifei，et al.The effects of different plant growth regulators and their concentrations on the rooting of softwood cuttings in Sloanea sinensis ［J］.Journal of Temperate Forestry Research，2025，8（6）：26-30.
[20]	Yu W W， Li Y H， Zhang Y T，et al.Integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal mechanisms regulating endogenous phytohormones in adventitious root formation during Cinnamomum bodinieri cutting propagation［J］.Forests，2025，16（3）：509.
[21]	Xiong Y P， Chen X H， Liu J Y，et al.Comparative transcriptomic and hormonal analyses reveal potential regulation networks of adventitious root formation in Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng［J］.BMC Genomics，2024，25（1）：1098.
[22]	苏彩风，段国珍，樊光辉.枸杞扦插生根及相关生理生化分析［J］.北方园艺，2023（1）：90-97.
	Su Caifeng， Duan Guozhen， Fan Guanghui.Cutting rooting and related physiological and biochemical analysis of Lycium barbarum ［J］.Northern Horticulture，2023（1）：90-97.
[23]	Shao F X， Wang S， Huang W，et al.Effects of IBA on the rooting of branch cuttings of Chinese jujube （Zizyphus jujuba Mill.） and changes to nutrients and endogenous hormones［J］.Journal of Forestry Research，2018，29（6）：1557-1567.
[24]	庞艳萍.植物生长调节剂对江南油杉嫩枝扦插生根变化的影响研究［D］.南宁：广西大学，2024.
	Pang Yanping.Studies on the effects of plant growth regulators on the changes of rooting in shoot cuttings of Keteleeria fortune var. cyclolepis［D］.Nanning：Guangxi University，2024.
[25]	岳艳玲，史佳，荆蓉.不同生长调节剂对互叶醉鱼木嫩枝扦插的影响［J］.寒旱农业科学，2025，4（11）：1052-1058.
	Yue Yanling， Shi Jia， Jing Rong.Effect of different growth regulators on the cuttings of tender branches of Buddleja aalternifolia ［J］.Journal of Cold-Arid Agricultural Sciences，2025，4（11）：1052-1058.
[26]	刘冉，赵盼，周心怡，等.生长素诱导调节PagHAM4a和PagHAM4b的表达及对杨树次生木质部发育的影响［J/OL］.生物技术通报，2026-03-10..
	Liu Ran， Zhao Pan， Zhou Xinyi，et al.Auxin induces and regulates the expressions of PagHAM4a/PagHAM4b and affects the secondary xylem development in poplar ［J］.Biotechnology Bulletin，2026-03-10..
[27]	邵华正，叶水英.生长素类物质对东云叶插生根的影响［J］.安徽农学通报，2025，31（23）：41-45.
	Shao Huazheng， Ye Shuiying.Effects of auxins on the rooting of Echeveria agavoides leaf cuttings［J］.Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin，2025，31（23）：41-45.
[28]	史锋厚，赵瑞，罗帅，等.南京椴嫩枝扦插生根过程中植物激素的变化［J］.中南林业科技大学学报，2019，39（2）：21-26.
	Shi Fenghou， Zhao Rui， Luo Shuai，et al.Study on plant hormone changes in soft cuttings of Tilia miqueliana during rooting［J］.Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology，2019，39（2）：21-26.
[29]	王乔春.植物激素与插条不定根的形成（综述）［J］.四川农业大学学报，1992（1）：33-39.
	Wang Qiaochun.Plant hormones and the formation of adventitious roots in cuttings（Review）［J］.Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University，1992（1）：33-39.
[30]	周洁，张立军.沙棘组培苗生根过程中内源激素含量的变化［J］.安徽农业科学，2010，38（17）：8917-8918.
	Zhou Jie， Zhang Lijun.Research of changes of endogenous phytohormones during the course of cuttings rooting of Hippophae rhamnoides L.［J］.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences，2010，38（17）：8917-8918.
[31]	Khatri S， Shylla B， Sharma D P，et al.Enhancing seed germination and growth of date-plum（Diospyros Lotus L.） for robust graftable rootstock seedlings using organic growing media and gibberellic acid［J］.Applied Fruit Science，2025，67（3）：93.
[32]	Kawai Y.Effects of exogenous BAP，GA3，and ABA on endogenous auxin and rooting of grapevine hardwood cuttings［J］.Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science，1997，66（1）：93-98.
[33]	刘桂丰，杨传平，曲冠证，等.落叶松杂种插穗生根过程中4种内源激素的动态变化［J］.东北林业大学学报，2001，29（6）：1-3.
	Liu Guifeng， Yang Chuanping， Qu Guanzheng，et al.Dynamic changes of four endogenous hormones in the larch hybrid during cuttings rooting［J］.Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2001，29（6）：1-3.
[34]	敖红，王崑，冯玉龙.长白落叶松插穗的内源激素水平及其与扦插生根的关系［J］.植物研究，2002，22（2）：190-195.
	Ao Hong， Wang Kun， Feng Yulong.Endogenous hormones levels in cuttings of Larix olgensis and their relations to rooting［J］.Bulletin of Botanical Research，2002，22（2）：190-195.
[35]	郑均宝，刘玉军，裴保华，等.几种木本植物插穗生根与内源IAA，ABA的关系［J］.植物生理学报，1991，17（3）：313-316.
	Zheng Junbao， Liu Yujun， Pei Baohua，et al.Relationship between adventitious root formation and endogenous IAA and ABA of several tree species［J］.Acta Phytophysiologica Sinica，1991，17（3）：313-316.
[36]	胡虹，季本仁，段金玉，等.云南山楂中吲哚乙酸、脱落酸、玉米素和玉米素核苷的内源水平及其生根率［J］.云南植物研究，1993（3）：278-284.
	Hu Hong， Ji Benren， Duan Jinyu，et al.The endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid，abscisic acid，and zeatin plus zeatin-riboside in cultural shoots of Crategus scabrifolia and their rooting ratio［J］.Acta Botanica Yunnanica，1993（3）：278-284.

处理 Treatment	生长延缓剂 Growth retardant	质量浓度 Mass concentration/ （mg·L^-1）	浇灌时期 Irrigation period
CK	清水	—	—
S-7 d	S3307	50	扦插后7 d
S-14 d	S3307	50	扦插后14 d
S-21 d	S3307	50	扦插后21 d

处理 Treatment	生根率 Rooting rate/%	腐烂率 Rotting rate/%	愈伤率 Callus rate/%	总根长 Total root length/cm	根表面积 Root surface area/cm²	根体积 Root volume/cm³	分支数量 Branch number
CK	37.09±2.29^c	58.33±1.80^a	4.17±1.59^ab	79.79±10.32^bc	10.91±1.21^b	0.12±0.01^a	601.33±38.96^bc
P1	60.83±2.59^a	36.25±2.75^c	2.92±1.72^b	109.58±13.85^abc	21.15±3.27^ab	0.37±0.15^a	951.67±50.85^abc
P2	51.25±2.19^ab	42.92±2.29^bc	5.42±1.25^ab	83.32±29.36^bc	17.68±5.26^ab	0.31±0.08^a	928.00±317.43^abc
P3	34.17±3.23^c	55.00±4.14^ab	9.58±3.22^a	38.66±4.13^c	9.44±1.07^b	0.18±0.02^a	347.00±62.35^c
S1	54.58±6.06^ab	43.75±5.95^bc	1.25±0.42^b	111.90±34.70^ab	18.80±5.87^ab	0.25±0.08^a	1 053.67±406.11^abc
S2	52.92±3.43^ab	43.75±4.22^bc	2.50±1.44^b	140.76±7.11^ab	24.30±3.32^ab	0.34±0.08^a	1 402.00±229.38^ab
S3	43.33±4.91^bc	51.25±5.24^ab	3.34±2.26^b	176.28±30.73^a	35.90±13.01^a	0.62±0.33^a	1 620.00±406.70^a

处理 Treatment	生根率 Rooting rate/%	腐烂率 Rotting rate/%	愈伤率 Callus rate/%	总根长 Total root length/cm	根表面积 Root surface area/cm²	根体积 Root volume/ cm³	分支数量 Branch number	秩和 Sum of ranks	秩和比 RSR	评价等级 Rating level
CK	2.0	1.0	3.0	2.0	2.0	1.0	2.0	13.0	0.265 3	差
P1	7.0	7.0	5.0	4.0	5.0	6.0	4.0	38.0	0.775 5	优
P2	4.0	6.0	2.0	3.0	3.0	4.0	3.0	25.0	0.510 2	中
P3	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	9.0	0.183 7	差
S1	6.0	4.5	7.0	5.0	4.0	3.0	5.0	34.5	0.704 1	优
S2	5.0	4.5	6.0	6.0	6.0	5.0	6.0	38.5	0.785 7	优
S3	3.0	3.0	4.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	38.0	0.775 5	优

处理 Treatment	生根率 Rooting rate/%	腐烂率 Rotting rate/%	总根长 Total root length/cm	根表面积 Root surface area/cm²	根体积 Root volume/cm³	分支数量 Branch number
CK	20.56±4.75^c	77.78±4.94^a	77.82±15.88^b	14.77±3.12^b	0.22±0.05^b	669.33±213.83^b
S-7 d	31.67±1.93^b	66.11±3.09^ab	95.54±13.89^ab	20.66±2.16^ab	0.36±0.03^ab	1 251.33±228.12^ab
S-14 d	57.22±2.94^a	40.56±3.89^c	136.33±23.63^ab	25.14±3.83^ab	0.37±0.05^ab	1 226.67±218.67^ab
S-21 d	41.11±6.41^b	58.33±5.85^b	168.50±39.80^a	33.47±7.82^a	0.53±0.12^a	1 868.67±541.40^a