Effects of “Fertilizer Island” Effect of Desert Plants on Spatial Distribution of Soil Nutrients

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.06.009

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the the “fertilizer island” effect in different spatial positions of two shrubs in the Gurbantunggut Desert， the dominant shrubs in the desert-Eremosparton songoricum and Calligonum mongolicum were used as research objects. Sampling points were set up by extending outward at 20（A）， 60（B）， 100（C）， and 140 cm（D） with the shrub root as the center， each sampling point was sampled at three soil depths （0<h≤5 cm， 5 cm<h≤10 cm， 10 cm<h≤20 cm， and the soil nutrient content and enrichment at different spatial locations were analyzed respectively. The results indicated that：（1）Both E. songoricum and C. mongolicum had a “fertilizer island” effect， and there were significant differences in soil nutrient content among different species and spatial locations（P<0.05）. The variation trend of the two plant soil nutrients in different spatial distributions was the same， that was， in the horizontal direction， they gradually decreased as the distance from the center of the shrub increased. Among them， the soil SOM， AK， and TN contents of E. songoricum at location D were decreased by an average of 58.16%， 52.94%， and 68.18% compared to A， respectively. The content of SOM， AK， TN， and EC in the soil at location D were decreased by an average of 61.38%， 13.33%， 69.23%， and 21.81%， respectively， compared to location A. In the vertical direction， the content of SOM， AK， and TN in the soil of the two types of plants showed the highest nutrient content in the surface soil， and showed a decreasing trend with the increase of soil depth. The content of AK， pH， and N- $N O 3 -$ in the rhizosphere soil of C. mongolicum was significantly higher than that of E. songoricum（P<0.05）. （2）The enrichment rates of SOM， AK， TN， and total phosphorus（TP） in the soil of the two shrubs showed consistent trends， that was， the enrichment rate of soil nutrients gradually decreased with the increase of soil depth， and the enrichment rate of soil nutrients gradually decreased with the increase of shrub center. （3）There was a significant correlation（P<0.05） between soil enrichment rates at different spatial locations and plant height and crown width. The plant height and crown width of E. songoricum and C. mongolicum showed a significant positive correlation with soil SOM， TN， N- $N O 3 -$ enrichment rates. In general， both plants showed a “fertilizer island effect”， with obvious spatial heterogeneity in different spatial distributions， different plants had different enrichment capacities for soil nutrients， and their “fertilizer island” effects were also different， with obvious species effects.

Key words: soil nutrients, “fertilizer island” effect, enrichment, Gurbantunggut Desert

CLC Number:

S717.19+3

Galip NARGIZA, Yuxin XIAO, Boyi SONG, Weiwei ZHUANG. Effects of “Fertilizer Island” Effect of Desert Plants on Spatial Distribution of Soil Nutrients[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(6): 868-880.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 3

Correlation coefficient matrix between soil nutrient enrichment rate and morphological characteristics at different spatial positions of two plants

土壤指标 Soil index	富集率 Enrichment rate	土层深度（h） Soil layer/cm	准噶尔无叶豆 Eremosparton songoricum		沙拐枣 Calligonum mongolicum
土壤指标 Soil index	富集率 Enrichment rate	土层深度（h） Soil layer/cm	株高 Plant height	冠幅 Crown breadth	株高 Plant height	冠幅 Crown breadth
有机质 Organic matter	E_A	0<h≤5	-0.345	-0.124	-0.404	0.828*
		5<h≤10	0.038	-0.201	0.859	-0.776
		10<h≤20	-0.196	0.100	0.446	-0.329
	E_B	0<h≤5	-0.150	-0.250	0.592	-0.101
		5<h≤10	-0.094	-0.149	0.623	-0.499
		10<h≤20	0.094	0.222	0.029	0.089
	E_C	0<h≤5	0.855*	-0.642	0.700	-0.462
		5<h≤10	-0.191	0.654*	0.766	-0.712
		10<h≤20	0.167	0.543	0.151	-0.063
速效钾 Available potassium	E_A	0<h≤5	-0.383	-0.380	-0.347	-0.230
		5<h≤10	-0.652	-0.703	0.731	-0.661
		10<h≤20	-0.604	-0.535	0.152	-0.293
	E_B	0<h≤5	-0.811	-0.866	0.571	-0.390
		5<h≤10	-0.479	-0.628	0.365	-0.336
		10<h≤20	-0.799	-0.686	0.104	-0.269
	E_C	0<h≤5	-0.006	0.009	0.504	-0.705*
		5<h≤10	-0.762	0.086	-0.070	0.246
		10<h≤20	-0.743	0.100	0.039	-0.219
全氮 Total nitrogen	E_A	0<h≤5	0.150	0.176	0.692*	0.497
		5<h≤10	0.158	-0.169	-0.777	0.840
		10<h≤20	0.709	-0.226	-0.411	0.514
	E_B	0<h≤5	0.055	0.067	-0.629	0.235
		5<h≤10	0.521	-0.634	-0.771	0.854
		10<h≤20	0.188	0.848*	-0.432	0.538
	E_C	0<h≤5	0.360	0.410	-0.381	0.154
		5<h≤10	-0.638	-0.803	0.123	0.065
		10<h≤20	-0.422	0.859**	0.635*	0.745*
全磷 Total potassium	E_A	0<h≤5	-0.337	-0.605	0.385	-0.869*
		5<h≤10	0.529	0.805	-0.850	0.832
		10<h≤20	0.828	0.303	-0.850	0.818
	E_B	0<h≤5	0.452	0.331	0.471	0.819*
		5<h≤10	0.322	0.865	-0.336	0.442
		10<h≤20	0.592	0.402	-0.565	0.631
	E_C	0<h≤5	0.657	0.448	0.746	-0.411
		5<h≤10	0.132	0.881*	-0.059	-0.034
		10<h≤20	0.343	-0.473	-0.267	0.289
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen	E_A	0<h≤5	0.126	0.492	-0.111	0.716
		5<h≤10	0.299	0.818	0.643	-0.727
		10<h≤20	0.590	0.764	0.350	-0.466
	E_B	0<h≤5	0.561	0.849	0.411	-0.789
		5<h≤10	0.451	0.791*	0.844	-0.771
		10<h≤20	0.561	0.294	0.571	-0.592
	E_C	0<h≤5	0.676	0.612*	0.442	0.100
		5<h≤10	0.366	0.863*	0.450	-0.518
		10<h≤20	0.235	0.123	-0.823	0.784
铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen	E_A	0<h≤5	-0.378	-0.057	-0.726*	0.466
		5<h≤10	-0.432	0.809*	-0.755	0.839
		10<h≤20	-0.082	-0.671	0.636	-0.594
	E_B	0<h≤5	-0.497	-0.602	-0.721*	0.512
		5<h≤10	0.164	0.047	-0.875	0.819*
		10<h≤20	0.437	0.390	0.802	-0.805
	E_C	0<h≤5	-0.269	0.009	-0.839*	0.450
		5<h≤10	0.504	0.097	-0.864	0.833*
		10<h≤20	-0.149	-0.614	0.716	-0.690
酸碱度 pH	E_A	0<h≤5	0.451	0.483	0.246	-0.525
		5<h≤10	0.443	0.819*	0.621	-0.675
		10<h≤20	0.134	0.543	0.805*	-0.868
	E_B	0<h≤5	-0.346	-0.335	-0.743*	0.517
		5<h≤10	0.676	0.746	-0.687	0.745
		10<h≤20	0.765	0.542	0.095	-0.018
	E_C	0<h≤5	0.317	0.285	-0.753*	0.550
		5<h≤10	0.756	0.488	-0.287	0.367
		10<h≤20	0.796**	0.096	-0.805	0.767
电导率 Conductivity	E_A	0<h≤5	-0.608	-0.817	-0.086	-0.491
		5<h≤10	-0.384	-0.856	-0.009	0.161
		10<h≤20	-0.215	-0.405	0.147	-0.320
	E_B	0<h≤5	-0.065	-0.456	0.825	-0.412
		5<h≤10	-0.354	-0.880*	0.899**	-0.828**
		10<h≤20	-0.279	-0.563	0.320	-0.480
	E_C	0<h≤5	-0.449	-0.213	0.752	-0.243
		5<h≤10	-0.211	-0.730	0.390	-0.476
		10<h≤20	-0.819*	0.137	0.472	-0.609

Table 3

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变异来源 Source of variation	有机质 Organic matter		速效钾 Available potassium		全氮 Total nitrogen		全磷 Total phosphorus		硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen		铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen		酸碱度 pH		电导率 Electrical conductivity
变异来源 Source of variation	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
物种	7.37	<0.01^**	68.51	<0.01^**	10.70	<0.01^**	0.97	0.32	20.64	<0.01^**	6.44	<0.01^**	3.76	<0.01^**	27.39	<0.01^**
空间位置	39.56	<0.01^**	23.97	<0.01^**	24.93	<0.01^**	2.66	0.04^*	13.14	<0.01^**	0.97	0.40	1.55	0.21	3.59	0.02^*
土层	31.07	<0.01^**	26.75	<0.01^**	1.01	0.37	0.25	0.78	12.22	<0.01^**	1.21	0.30	0.93	0.40	5.15	0.01^**
空间位置×土层	3.51	<0.01^**	0.76	0.60	0.65	0.69	0.66	0.68	4.03	<0.01^**	0.98	0.44	0.54	0.77	0.46	0.83
物种×土层	0.93	0.03^*	0.01	0.98	29.18	<0.01^**	0.89	0.41	6.48	<0.01^**	0.98	0.38	0.92	0.40	0.72	0.48
物种×空间位置	0.40	0.78	27.48	<0.01^**	0.92	0.43	2.12	0.11	10.80	<0.01^**	1.27	0.29	1.52	0.30	2.52	0.06
物种×空间位置×土层	0.14	0.99	0.31	0.92	1.63	0.15	0.17	0.98	4.11	<0.01^**	0.73	0.62	0.60	0.72	0.64	0.69

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