关键词: 湖北海棠, 变异, 地理分化, 聚类分析

Abstract: Based on exsiccate-specimens of Malus hupehensis(Pamp.)Rehd., 26 characters of flowers, leaves and fruits are observed and analyzed, using cluster analysis, scatter diagram, multiple comparison, and other methods. Then, the intraspecific variation and geographical differentiation are studied. Results show that the variations of these characters are obvious among different areas, containing the shape of calyx lobe, ratio of calyx lobe length to calyx tube length, leaf hair, leaf size, and the shape of fruit. Ratio of calyx lobe length to calyx tube length is becoming higher from East China to Southwest China, meanwhile, the shape of calyx lobe changes from ovate, triangleovate to lanceolate. This variation trend is not only determined by quantitative trait loci and their interaction but also is affected by environment. Leaf is prone to be changed by environments, and the variation of leaf size is obvious among different areas. The leaf hair is becoming more and more from East China where most of the leaves are glabrous to other areas, and the variation trend should be adapt to altitude increasing. The fruit is nearly oval or ovate in Northwest China and Central Plains, different from rotundate in other areas, showing the features that edge population is prone to differentiate.

Key words: Malus hupehensis, variation, geographical differentiation, cluster analysis