植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 299-314.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.02.015
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
汤嘉莹1,2, 张进坤2, 胡继文2, 王福德3, 辛培尧1, 麻文俊2()
收稿日期:
2024-12-11
出版日期:
2025-03-20
发布日期:
2025-04-04
通讯作者:
麻文俊
E-mail:mwjlx@caf.ac.cn
作者简介:
汤嘉莹(1999—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事园艺学研究。
基金资助:
Jiaying TANG1,2, Jinkun ZHANG2, Jiwen HU2, Fude WANG3, Peiyao XIN1, Wenjun MA2()
Received:
2024-12-11
Online:
2025-03-20
Published:
2025-04-04
Contact:
Wenjun MA
E-mail:mwjlx@caf.ac.cn
摘要:
芍药(Paeonia lactiflora)是芍药科(Paeoniaceae)芍药属(Paeonia)多年生草本宿根花卉,在我国东北、华北和西北等地区广泛分布,但由于人为破坏和环境变化,其种质资源骤减。该研究以东北大兴安岭地区12个野生芍药居群的256个单株为材料,收集了23个表型性状数据,利用巢式方差分析、Pearson相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法,探究其表型变异规律与多样性水平。株高、冠幅、茎基粗等15个数量性状的变异系数和Shannon-Wiener指数均值分别为25.88%(12.34%~92.78%)和1.843,小叶类型、小叶内卷程度、花色等8个质量性状的Shannon-Wiener指数均值为1.146。11个表型性状在居群间和居群内均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),居群间表型分化系数均值为25.72%。相关性分析表明,15个数量性状间大多存在显著或极显著相关。花径与纬度、湿度、降水等指标呈负相关,与海拔、日照时间、温度呈正相关;花瓣数量与纬度呈正相关,与日照时间呈负相关;复叶长与降水量呈正相关,表明温度和地理因子对野生芍药花表型性状的影响大于茎叶表型性状。主成分分析共提炼出4个主成分,累计贡献率为88.678%。聚类分析可将野生芍药12个居群分为3类:第1类为P3居群,花部特征为多头大花型,具较强观赏性;第2类包括P7、P9两个居群,株高、茎粗、莛数量、复叶、顶小叶等茎叶性状指标值较其他居群更大,表现为长势旺盛;第3类的9个居群表现为复叶、顶小叶短窄,花径较宽而花梗较短的类型。大兴安岭地区野生芍药表型多样性和变异水平较高,且居群内变异为主要来源。该研究可为更好地保护利用野生芍药资源提供依据。
中图分类号:
汤嘉莹, 张进坤, 胡继文, 王福德, 辛培尧, 麻文俊. 大兴安岭地区野生芍药居群表型多样性[J]. 植物研究, 2025, 45(2): 299-314.
Jiaying TANG, Jinkun ZHANG, Jiwen HU, Fude WANG, Peiyao XIN, Wenjun MA. Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Natural Herbaceous Peony Populations in Great Khingan Mountains[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(2): 299-314.
表1
野生芍药12个居群的地理位置及主要气候因子
收集地点及代码 Provenance and code | 经度 Longitude(E) /(°) | 纬度 Latitude(N) /(°) | 海拔 Altitude /m | 年降水量 Annual precipitation /mm | 年均日照时间 Mean annual sunshine duration /h | 年均相对湿度 Mean annual relative humidity /% | 年均温度 Annual average temperature /℃ | 收集数量 Sample number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
内蒙古自治区牙克石市 Yakeshi City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(P1) | 120.92 | 48.30 | 729 | 592.2 | 2 653.4 | 65.0 | -1.3 | 30 |
内蒙古自治区赤峰市大局子林场 Dajuzi Forest Farm,Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(P2) | 117.46 | 42.85 | 1 625 | 493.9 | 2 894.6 | 53.6 | 4.7 | 13 |
内蒙古自治区多伦县铁公泡子村 Tiegongpaozi Village,Duolun County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(P3) | 116.77 | 42.37 | 1 382 | 510.9 | 2 896.6 | 58.7 | 3.9 | 9 |
内蒙古自治区赤峰市白音敖包 Baiyin Aobao,Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(P4) | 117.29 | 43.45 | 1 499 | 475.5 | 2 867.2 | 50.2 | 8.5 | 19 |
内蒙古自治区红花尔基诺干诺尔林场 Nogon Nuor Forest Farm,Honghuaerji Forestry Bureau,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(P5) | 119.58 | 47.96 | 854 | 401.3 | 2 794.8 | 62.5 | 0 | 21 |
内蒙古自治区阿尔山市阿尔山国门 Alarshan National Gate,Alarshan City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(P6) | 119.56 | 47.32 | 914 | 600.1 | 2 662.9 | 64.5 | -1.0 | 26 |
内蒙古自治区乌拉盖芍药谷 Ulagai Peony Valley,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(P7) | 118.98 | 46.17 | 950 | 386.0 | 2 874.2 | 58.0 | 2.2 | 16 |
黑龙江省漠河市阿木尔芍药山 Amur Peony Mountain,Mohe City, Heilongjiang Province(P8) | 123.70 | 53.31 | 296 | 586.2 | 2 408.8 | 68.8 | -3.1 | 17 |
黑龙江省漠河市北红村 Beihong Village,Mohe City, Heilongjiang Province(P9) | 122.93 | 53.47 | 282 | 586.2 | 2 408.8 | 68.8 | -3.1 | 30 |
内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市拉布大林 Labudalin,Hulunbuir City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(P10) | 120.29 | 50.35 | 599 | 540.1 | 2 562.0 | 67.1 | -2.2 | 30 |
黑龙江省呼玛县十八站查班河 Chaban River,Shibazhan,Huma County, Heilongjiang Province(P11) | 125.46 | 52.38 | 599 | 609.5 | 2 443.8 | 67.2 | -1.1 | 17 |
内蒙古自治区霍林郭勒市可汗山 Khan Mountain,Holin Gol City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(P12) | 119.95 | 46.02 | 965 | 460.7 | 2 790.4 | 56.8 | 4.0 | 28 |
表2
野生芍药质量性状
质量性状 Qualitative trait | 质量性状描述 Description of qualitative trait | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
小叶内卷程度Degree of leaflet involution | 无或极轻 | 轻度 | 中度 | 重度 |
小叶先端形状Shape of leaflet tip | 锐尖 | 窄渐尖 | 宽渐尖 | 钝尖 |
小叶叶缘波状程度The degree of wavy edge of leaflets | 无或极轻 | 轻度 | 中度 | 重度 |
小叶类型Leaflet type | 狭卵形 | 椭圆形 | 披针形 | — |
复叶叶柄颜色Color of compound leaves and petioles | 绿色 | 桃红色 | 紫红色 | — |
叶色Leaf color | 深绿色 | 浅绿色 | 棕红色 | — |
花色Flower color | 白色 | 粉白色 | 粉红色 | — |
花期Florescence | 早 | 中 | 晚 | — |
表3
野生芍药居群8个质量性状的遗传多样性
质量性状 Qualitative trait | 频率分布 Distributed frequency/% | Shannon-Wiener指数 H | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
均值Mean | 1.146 | ||||
小叶内卷程度 Degree of leaflet involution | 5.9 | 22.7 | 43.4 | 28.1 | 1.308 |
小叶先端形状 Shape of leaflet tip | 0 | 74.2 | 25.8 | 0 | 0.981 |
小叶叶缘波状程度 The degree of wavy edge of leaflets | 42.2 | 39.8 | 12.9 | 5.1 | 1.270 |
小叶类型 Leaflet type | 42.6 | 0 | 57.4 | 1.036 | |
复叶叶柄颜色 Color of compound leaves and petioles | 19.9 | 44.9 | 35.2 | 1.220 | |
叶色 Leaf color | 43.0 | 40.2 | 16.8 | 1.211 | |
花色 Flower color | 62.7 | 29.5 | 7.9 | 1.123 | |
花期 Florescence | 4.1 | 77.6 | 18.3 | 1.016 |
表 4
野生芍药表型性状变异
表型性状 Phenotypic trait | 代码 Code | 均值 Mean | 标准差 SD | 极小值 Min. | 极大值 Max. | 极差 Range | 变异系数 CV/% | Shannon-Wiener指数H |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
均值 Mean | 25.88 | 1.843 | ||||||
株高 Plant height/cm | H | 52.70 | 10.08 | 28.00 | 80.90 | 52.90 | 19.13 | 1.326 |
莛数量 Tiller number | CN | 6.89 | 5.09 | 1.00 | 33.00 | 32.00 | 73.88 | 1.845 |
冠幅(东西)East-west crown width/cm | EW | 50.80 | 12.22 | 24.40 | 91.20 | 66.80 | 24.06 | 2.034 |
冠幅(南北)North-south crown width/cm | NW | 53.19 | 12.41 | 22.70 | 93.60 | 70.90 | 23.34 | 2.073 |
茎基粗 Stem diameter/mm | SD | 6.29 | 1.31 | 3.40 | 11.37 | 7.97 | 20.88 | 1.926 |
复叶长 Compound leaf length/cm | CL | 21.60 | 2.66 | 13.20 | 29.50 | 16.30 | 12.34 | 2.026 |
复叶宽 Compound leaf width/cm | CW | 19.09 | 3.34 | 8.80 | 29.50 | 20.70 | 17.51 | 2.052 |
顶小叶长 Apical leaflet length/mm | AL | 154.44 | 26.27 | 64.63 | 306.21 | 241.58 | 17.01 | 1.975 |
顶小叶宽 Apical leaflet width/mm | AW | 135.06 | 32.62 | 38.77 | 242.58 | 203.81 | 24.15 | 2.077 |
单个复叶小叶数量 compound leaf leaflets | NS | 10.89 | 1.37 | 5.00 | 14.00 | 9.00 | 12.62 | 1.570 |
花高 Flower height/mm | FH | 47.05 | 9.13 | 19.43 | 95.75 | 76.32 | 19.41 | 1.717 |
花梗长 Pedicel length/mm | PL | 102.71 | 25.89 | 24.53 | 170.21 | 145.68 | 25.21 | 1.924 |
花径 Flower diameter/mm | FD | 84.42 | 18.84 | 29.87 | 141.63 | 111.76 | 22.32 | 1.898 |
花瓣数量 Number of petals | NP | 10.35 | 1.40 | 6.00 | 13.00 | 7.00 | 13.52 | 1.650 |
单枝着花数量 Single branch flowering amount | AB | 1.55 | 1.44 | 1.00 | 7.00 | 6.00 | 92.78 | 1.555 |
表5
野生芍药12个居群15个性状的表型变异系数
性状及代码 Trait and code | 居群表型变异系数 Phenotypic variation coefficients of 12 populations/% | 均值 Mean/% | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | P6 | P7 | P8 | P9 | P10 | P11 | P12 | ||
均值 Mean | 21.94 | 24.00 | 21.17 | 24.39 | 22.00 | 21.92 | 20.01 | 21.50 | 22.66 | 22.28 | 22.91 | 23.39 | 22.35 |
株高H | 11.31 | 19.73 | 17.90 | 18.28 | 19.82 | 16.46 | 18.15 | 16.16 | 8.67 | 15.15 | 24.25 | 14.74 | 16.72 |
莛数量CN | 55.38 | 42.25 | 51.25 | 53.69 | 43.07 | 50.89 | 47.52 | 42.58 | 53.95 | 48.13 | 60.37 | 51.21 | 50.02 |
冠幅(东西)EW | 17.64 | 26.20 | 16.68 | 19.09 | 18.36 | 20.74 | 18.52 | 15.01 | 18.40 | 18.36 | 24.13 | 21.62 | 19.56 |
冠幅(南北)NW | 16.19 | 28.51 | 20.93 | 23.90 | 15.07 | 18.68 | 20.18 | 16.60 | 18.45 | 19.07 | 22.39 | 20.74 | 20.06 |
茎基粗SD | 14.66 | 18.19 | 18.13 | 16.50 | 14.33 | 15.81 | 9.26 | 14.21 | 15.85 | 16.15 | 20.15 | 16.26 | 15.79 |
复叶长CL | 9.68 | 15.24 | 10.59 | 14.26 | 11.20 | 9.98 | 10.88 | 12.25 | 10.81 | 11.44 | 12.49 | 9.18 | 11.50 |
复叶宽CW | 14.46 | 19.22 | 18.36 | 18.94 | 12.06 | 17.07 | 11.66 | 18.16 | 16.24 | 17.48 | 16.94 | 14.59 | 16.26 |
顶小叶长AL | 11.69 | 16.32 | 14.17 | 15.05 | 12.33 | 9.84 | 10.79 | 13.89 | 20.49 | 19.34 | 12.22 | 14.83 | 14.25 |
顶小叶宽AW | 23.26 | 30.16 | 13.27 | 20.29 | 26.16 | 20.78 | 17.67 | 28.96 | 23.72 | 27.81 | 16.25 | 20.89 | 22.43 |
单个复叶小叶数量NS | 21.62 | 16.21 | 20.06 | 17.38 | 15.03 | 18.59 | 20.54 | 18.78 | 18.67 | 15.82 | 15.37 | 22.75 | 18.40 |
花高FH | 16.90 | 10.62 | 10.31 | 13.10 | 16.13 | 10.56 | 8.36 | 12.14 | 11.92 | 11.98 | 10.70 | 13.74 | 12.21 |
花梗长PL | 25.66 | 30.84 | 21.62 | 36.40 | 23.78 | 33.02 | 31.98 | 23.32 | 29.26 | 24.64 | 28.91 | 35.21 | 28.72 |
花径FD | 21.34 | 19.85 | 19.18 | 27.72 | 19.63 | 20.29 | 24.57 | 19.79 | 22.99 | 18.18 | 18.87 | 21.07 | 21.12 |
花瓣数量NP | 15.71 | 12.08 | 17.40 | 13.58 | 11.74 | 13.79 | 8.25 | 15.20 | 11.14 | 13.10 | 10.42 | 15.38 | 13.15 |
单枝着花数量AB | 53.64 | 54.63 | 47.68 | 57.69 | 71.28 | 52.31 | 41.75 | 55.45 | 59.30 | 57.49 | 50.24 | 58.72 | 55.01 |
表6
12个野生芍药居群表型性状的Shannon-Wiener指数
性状及代码 Trait and code | 居群表型性状的Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener indices of phenotypic traits of populations | 均值 Mean | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | P6 | P7 | P8 | P9 | P10 | P11 | P12 | ||
均值 Mean | 1.631 | 1.658 | 1.654 | 1.761 | 1.563 | 1.623 | 1.592 | 1.595 | 1.719 | 1.595 | 1.663 | 1.679 | 1.645 |
株高 H | 0.849 | 1.170 | 1.048 | 1.173 | 1.303 | 1.081 | 1.345 | 1.044 | 1.174 | 1.133 | 1.570 | 1.181 | 1.173 |
莛数量 CN | 1.868 | 1.002 | 1.440 | 1.798 | 1.213 | 1.747 | 1.640 | 1.696 | 1.862 | 1.772 | 1.746 | 1.916 | 1.642 |
冠幅(东西)EW | 1.799 | 1.824 | 1.440 | 1.826 | 1.781 | 1.997 | 1.787 | 1.548 | 1.846 | 1.703 | 1.985 | 1.944 | 1.790 |
冠幅(南北)NW | 1.633 | 1.633 | 1.803 | 1.847 | 1.522 | 1.754 | 1.909 | 1.824 | 1.894 | 1.905 | 1.844 | 1.952 | 1.793 |
茎基粗 SD | 1.703 | 2.073 | 2.239 | 1.645 | 1.591 | 1.819 | 1.457 | 1.778 | 1.813 | 1.785 | 2.234 | 1.866 | 1.834 |
复叶长 CL | 1.775 | 2.169 | 1.806 | 2.095 | 1.885 | 1.879 | 1.934 | 2.022 | 1.890 | 1.971 | 2.070 | 1.849 | 1.945 |
复叶宽 CW | 1.759 | 2.126 | 2.349 | 1.993 | 1.724 | 1.982 | 1.753 | 2.135 | 2.014 | 2.075 | 2.090 | 2.112 | 2.009 |
顶小叶长 AL | 1.789 | 2.143 | 1.701 | 1.926 | 1.670 | 1.589 | 1.683 | 1.745 | 2.080 | 2.082 | 1.840 | 1.771 | 1.835 |
顶小叶宽 AW | 1.925 | 2.116 | 1.689 | 1.865 | 2.045 | 1.882 | 1.819 | 2.189 | 2.055 | 2.105 | 1.791 | 1.931 | 1.951 |
单个复叶小叶数量NS | 1.643 | 1.254 | 1.449 | 1.527 | 1.568 | 1.165 | 1.223 | 1.183 | 1.434 | 1.099 | 1.166 | 1.640 | 1.363 |
花高FH | 1.615 | 1.526 | 1.765 | 1.690 | 1.336 | 1.670 | 1.730 | 1.819 | 1.721 | 1.486 | 1.519 | 1.633 | 1.626 |
花梗长PL | 1.484 | 1.768 | 1.932 | 2.159 | 1.811 | 1.886 | 2.010 | 1.508 | 2.007 | 1.672 | 1.880 | 1.987 | 1.842 |
花径FD | 1.823 | 1.894 | 1.877 | 2.116 | 1.801 | 1.767 | 1.834 | 1.774 | 1.911 | 1.658 | 1.627 | 1.689 | 1.814 |
花瓣数量NP | 1.461 | 1.506 | 1.848 | 1.668 | 1.583 | 1.622 | 0.922 | 1.766 | 1.276 | 1.452 | 1.122 | 1.855 | 1.507 |
单枝着花数量AB | 1.696 | 1.737 | 1.817 | 1.699 | 1.308 | 1.717 | 0.667 | 1.482 | 1.615 | 1.195 | 1.585 | 0.905 | 1.452 |
表7
野生芍药居群间及居群内各表型性状的方差分析
性状及代码 Trait and code | 均方 Mean square | F | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
居群间 Among populations | 居群内 Within population | 随机误差 Random errors | 居群间 Among populations | 居群内 Within population | |
茎基粗SD | 16.052 | 2.597 | 0.940 | 17.085** | 2.765** |
复叶长CL | 74.433 | 12.588 | 2.887 | 25.785** | 4.365** |
复叶宽CW | 84.768 | 14.195 | 7.943 | 10.675** | 1.795** |
顶小叶长AL | 6 475.382 | 1 488.675 | 148.124 | 43.725** | 10.055** |
顶小叶宽AW | 9 227.437 | 2 700.854 | 31.144 | 296.295** | 86.725** |
单个复叶小叶数量NS | 25.29 | 3.207 | 0.645 | 39.215** | 4.975** |
花高FH | 672.097 | 120.677 | 44.948 | 14.955** | 2.685** |
花梗长PL | 5 195.622 | 1 019.107 | 317.724 | 16.355** | 3.215** |
花径FD | 1 899.719 | 524.568 | 198.172 | 9.595** | 2.655** |
花瓣数量NP | 18.932 | 3.077 | 0.734 | 25.850** | 4.195** |
单枝着花数量AB | 14.306 | 2.994 | 1.074 | 13.335** | 2.795** |
表8
12个野生芍药居群11个表型性状的均值、标准差及多重比较
居群 | 茎基粗 SD/mm | 复叶长 CL/cm | 复叶宽 CW/cm | 顶小叶长 AL/mm | 顶小叶宽 AW/mm | 单个复叶小叶数量 NS | 花高 FH/mm | 花梗长 PL/mm | 花径 FD/mm | 花瓣数量 NP | 单枝着花数量 AB |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P1 | 7.12±1.04d | 20.59±1.99cd | 17.69±2.56e | 151.25±17.68d | 118.69±27.60ef | 9.18±1.55cd | 44.54±9.63de | 69.60±17.86e | 80.56±17.19d | 9.00±1.41c | 2.91±1.56a |
P2 | 6.96±1.27de | 19.58±2.98d | 18.22±3.50de | 159.45±26.02c | 135.21±40.79cd | 9.80±1.04b | 42.82±6.94ef | 72.72±22.43cde | 86.64±17.20bcd | 8.84±1.07cd | 2.76±1.51abc |
P3 | 7.72±1.40abc | 21.07±2.23bc | 19.62±3.60bc | 174.34±24.70ab | 166.50±22.10a | 9.95±1.03b | 43.99±8.83def | 109.80±23.74a | 110.16±21.13a | 9.74±1.70b | 3.37±1.61a |
P4 | 6.95±1.15de | 20.90±2.98c | 18.55±3.51cde | 155.04±23.34c | 139.79±28.37c | 9.94±1.30b | 42.99±7.47ef | 83.30±30.32c | 90.46±25.07b | 10.08±1.37ab | 2.76±1.60abc |
P5 | 6.52±0.93e | 20.94±2.35c | 17.71±2.14e | 150.73±18.59d | 119.25±31.20ef | 9.24±1.49bcd | 41.12±6.18f | 83.89±19.95c | 83.17±16.33cd | 9.96±1.17b | 2.20±1.57de |
P6 | 7.30±1.15cd | 21.84±2.18b | 19.01±3.24cd | 160.54±15.79c | 130.70±27.16cd | 9.42±1.00bc | 47.07±8.75bcd | 76.46±25.24cde | 80.57±16.35d | 8.89±1.23cd | 2.86±1.50ab |
P7 | 7.64±0.71bc | 21.98±2.39b | 18.10±2.11de | 155.38±16.77c | 112.75±19.92f | 10.85±0.91a | 38.76±7.96f | 103.26±33.02ab | 69.76±17.14e | 8.48±0.70d | 1.26±0.53f |
P8 | 7.59±1.08bc | 21.27±2.61bc | 18.65±3.39cde | 154.72±21.49c | 128.56±37.22cde | 8.69±1.06e | 54.24±10.19a | 71.59±16.69de | 88.35±17.48bc | 9.65±1.47b | 2.33±1.29cd |
P9 | 7.97±1.26ab | 23.80±2.57ab | 21.32±3.46a | 182.91±37.48a | 151.55±35.95b | 9.82±1.17b | 47.80±8.93bc | 94.56±27.67b | 84.50±19.43bcd | 8.60±0.96d | 2.49±1.48bc |
P10 | 6.66±1.08e | 20.67±2.36c | 18.35±3.21de | 145.76±28.19d | 124.48±34.61def | 9.01±1.08de | 45.59±7.21cde | 76.00±18.72cde | 78.83±14.33d | 8.72±1.14cd | 1.84±1.06ef |
P11 | 8.36±1.68a | 20.68±2.58cd | 17.96±3.04de | 157.27±19.22c | 139.41±22.65c | 9.03±0.97cde | 49.65±7.63b | 84.02±24.29c | 90.22±17.03bc | 8.66±0.90cd | 2.97±1.49a |
P12 | 7.05±1.15d | 22.15±2.03b | 20.28±2.96b | 163.14±24.20bc | 140.09±29.25c | 10.89±1.50a | 45.28±10.30cde | 80.60±28.38cd | 79.30±16.71d | 10.34±1.59a | 1.44±0.85f |
表9
野生芍药表型性状的方差分量及居群间与居群内表型分化系数
性状及代码 Trait and code | 方差分量 Variance component | 方差分量百分比 Percentage of variance component/% | 表型分化系数 Differentiation coefficient of phenotypic trait(Vst)/% | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
居群间 Among populations | 居群内 Within population | 标准误差 Standard errors | 居群间 Among populations | 居群内 Within population | 标准误差 Standard errors | ||
均值 Mean | 13.891 | 44.066 | 25.724 | ||||
茎基粗SD | 0.217 | 0.577 | 0.939 | 12.527 | 33.285 | 54.188 | 27.345 |
复叶长CL | 0.963 | 3.380 | 2.899 | 13.301 | 46.669 | 40.030 | 22.180 |
复叶宽CW | 0.997 | 2.151 | 7.956 | 8.982 | 19.369 | 71.649 | 31.683 |
顶小叶长AL | 69.963 | 468.467 | 148.277 | 10.188 | 68.219 | 21.592 | 12.994 |
顶小叶宽AW | 119.333 | 936.163 | 31.145 | 10.982 | 86.152 | 2.866 | 11.306 |
单个复叶小叶数量NS | 0.377 | 0.883 | 0.644 | 19.790 | 46.385 | 33.825 | 29.906 |
花高FH | 12.986 | 28.941 | 45.551 | 14.845 | 33.084 | 52.072 | 30.973 |
花梗长PL | 114.928 | 269.772 | 319.990 | 16.309 | 38.282 | 45.409 | 29.875 |
花径FD | 54.465 | 125.410 | 200.510 | 14.318 | 32.969 | 52.712 | 30.279 |
花瓣数量NP | 0.347 | 0.886 | 0.733 | 17.673 | 45.053 | 37.275 | 28.174 |
单枝着花数量AB | 0.290 | 0.736 | 1.061 | 13.886 | 35.262 | 50.852 | 28.254 |
表10
野生芍药表型性状与地理生态因子间的相关性
性状及代码 Trait and code | 经度 Longitude(E) | 纬度 Latitude(N) | 海拔 Altitude | 年均降水量 Annual precipitation | 年均日照时间 Mean annual sunshine duration | 年均相对湿度 Mean annual humidity | 年均温度 Annual average temperature |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
株高H | 0.291 | 0.321 | -0.372 | 0.135 | -0.297 | 0.304 | -0.331 |
莛数量CN | -0.107 | -0.249 | 0.230 | 0.318 | 0.107 | -0.003 | 0.034 |
冠幅(东西)EW | -0.001 | -0.166 | 0.172 | 0.205 | 0.063 | -0.024 | 0.063 |
冠幅(南北)NW | -0.158 | -0.214 | 0.174 | 0.133 | 0.142 | -0.042 | 0.012 |
茎基粗SD | 0.310 | 0.175 | -0.217 | 0.384 | -0.252 | 0.166 | -0.090 |
复叶长CL | 0.263 | 0.077 | -0.030 | 0.577* | -0.256 | 0.184 | -0.097 |
复叶宽CW | 0.314 | 0.104 | -0.016 | 0.505 | -0.238 | 0.140 | -0.077 |
顶小叶长AL | 0.527 | 0.420 | -0.389 | 0.437 | -0.499 | 0.309 | -0.245 |
顶小叶宽AW | 0.249 | 0.152 | -0.194 | 0.244 | -0.205 | 0.222 | -0.212 |
单个复叶小叶数量NS | 0.084 | -0.045 | 0.123 | 0.125 | -0.035 | -0.108 | 0.074 |
花高FH | -0.294 | -0.355 | 0.330 | -0.261 | 0.331 | -0.242 | 0.262 |
花梗长PL | -0.179 | -0.019 | -0.017 | 0.415 | -0.088 | 0.269 | -0.262 |
花径FD | -0.626* | -0.715** | 0.736** | -0.579* | 0.747** | -0.675* | 0.687* |
花瓣数量NP | 0.693* | 0.607* | -0.484 | 0.464 | -0.635* | 0.469 | -0.390 |
单枝着花数量AB | 0.194 | 0.218 | -0.258 | 0.014 | -0.101 | 0.313 | -0.446 |
表11
野生芍药表型性状的主成分分析
性状及代码 Trait and code | 主成分 Principal component | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | PC4 | |
株高H | 0.471 | 0.391 | -0.224 | 0.602 |
莛数量CN | 0.905 | 0.135 | 0.297 | 0.093 |
冠幅(东西)EW | 0.773 | 0.550 | 0.206 | -0.089 |
冠幅(南北)NW | 0.403 | 0.817 | 0.253 | 0.124 |
茎基粗SD | 0.022 | 0.950 | 0.116 | -0.098 |
复叶长CL | 0.179 | 0.009 | 0.894 | -0.106 |
复叶宽CW | 0.882 | 0.042 | 0.117 | 0.265 |
顶小叶长AL | 0.922 | -0.022 | -0.121 | 0.073 |
顶小叶宽AW | 0.983 | -0.135 | -0.066 | 0.082 |
单个复叶小叶数量NS | 0.965 | -0.129 | -0.079 | 0.031 |
花高FH | 0.391 | 0.174 | -0.810 | 0.031 |
花梗长PL | 0.153 | 0.506 | 0.663 | 0.162 |
花径FD | -0.271 | 0.878 | -0.232 | -0.170 |
花瓣数量NP | -0.098 | 0.160 | -0.014 | -0.942 |
单枝着花数量AB | -0.307 | 0.672 | -0.463 | 0.276 |
特征值Eigenvalue | 6.040 | 3.490 | 2.473 | 1.298 |
贡献率Contribution rate/% | 40.269 | 23.268 | 16.489 | 8.652 |
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate/% | 40.269 | 63.537 | 80.026 | 88.678 |
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[12] | 王玉蛟, 刘建鑫, 于晓南. 三倍体芍药品种花粉母细胞减数分裂行为观察与比较[J]. 植物研究, 2016, 36(3): 341-347. |
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[15] | 曲文静;李青*;刘燕. 芍药组织培养中地下芽污染的克服[J]. 植物研究, 2014, 34(4): 524-528. |
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摘要 41
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