植物研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 220-231.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.02.007
曹文昱1, 王军辉2, 杨艳红1, 麻文俊2, 李放3, 周林召1, 熊星月1, 胡晓亮1, 马贯羊1(), 赵鲲1
收稿日期:
2023-07-24
出版日期:
2024-03-20
发布日期:
2024-03-11
通讯作者:
马贯羊
E-mail:mgy65758182@163.com
作者简介:
曹文昱(1994—)男,硕士研究生,主要从事楸树遗传育种研究。
基金资助:
Wenyu CAO1, Junhui WANG2, Yanhong YANG1, Wenjun MA2, fang LI3, Linzhao ZHOU1, Xingyue XIONG1, Xiaoliang Hu1, Guanyang MA1(), Kun ZHAO1
Received:
2023-07-24
Online:
2024-03-20
Published:
2024-03-11
Contact:
Guanyang MA
E-mail:mgy65758182@163.com
摘要:
为明确楸树(Catalpa bungei)远缘杂交种花器官性状的表型变异程度和变异规律,以12株楸树远缘杂交种为材料,采用方差分析、相关分析、聚类分析等统计分析方法,对楸树远缘杂交种的花期物候特征、花序性状、花朵性状和花色性状指标进行研究。结果表明:楸树远缘杂交种的花期物候特征差异明显,楸梓杂交种为假三叉分枝,花芽分化能力强,嫁接当年持续多轮开花,花期长达100 d以上,表现出母本性状。楸梓杂交种的花器官特征差异显著,花序轴共7~9轮侧枝,主轴为无限花序,侧枝为二歧聚伞花序,从底层到顶层过度为聚伞花序,处于楸树有限花序到梓树无限花序的过渡性状。花总长度、花筒直径、花筒长度、花冠宽度、花梗长度、雌蕊长度、花药长度、雄蕊长度、不育雄蕊长度的变幅分别为35.42~50.36,10.84~16.13,16.57~24.68,31.58~44.87,9.07~31.99,19.44~27.52,4.85~5.89,13.93~21.10,3.66~6.79 mm,变异系数为10.88%~31.02%,多样性指数(
中图分类号:
曹文昱, 王军辉, 杨艳红, 麻文俊, 李放, 周林召, 熊星月, 胡晓亮, 马贯羊, 赵鲲. 楸树远缘杂交种花器官性状变异分析[J]. 植物研究, 2024, 44(2): 220-231.
Wenyu CAO, Junhui WANG, Yanhong YANG, Wenjun MA, fang LI, Linzhao ZHOU, Xingyue XIONG, Xiaoliang Hu, Guanyang MA, Kun ZHAO. Analysis on Variation of Floral Organ Traits in Distant Hybrids of Catalpa bungei[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(2): 220-231.
表1
不同楸树杂交品种单株
编号 Num | 单株 Individuals | 母本 Female parent | 父本 Male parent | 树高 Height/m | 胸径 DBH/cm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 20-004 | ‘百日花’楸树(C. bungei ‘Bairihua’) | 梓树(C. ovata) | 4.5 | 5.5 |
2 | 20-006 | ‘百日花’楸树(C. bungei ‘Bairihua’) | 梓树(C. ovata) | 5.5 | 6.0 |
3 | 19-001 | ‘洛楸4号’(C. bungei ‘Luoqiu4’) | 梓树(C. ovata) | 7.5 | 15.7 |
4 | 19-002 | ‘百日花’楸树(C. bungei ‘Bairihua’) | 梓树(C. ovata) | 7.0 | 12.8 |
5 | BRH-001 | ‘洛楸4号’(C. bungei ‘Luoqiu4’) | ‘滇楸2号’( | 7.5 | 11.7 |
6 | BRH-002 | ‘洛楸4号’(C. bungei ‘Luoqiu4’) | ‘滇楸2号’( | 8.0 | 11.9 |
7 | BRH-003 | ‘洛楸4号’(C. bungei ‘Luoqiu4’) | ‘滇楸2号’( | 19.0 | 30.0 |
8 | ‘洛楸4号’ | 楸树(C. bungei) | 长果楸(C. | 21.0 | 34.0 |
9 | D-3 | 楸树(C. bungei) | 滇楸(C. fargesii f. duclouxii) | 15.0 | 29.0 |
10 | X-1 | 楸树(C. bungei) | 滇楸(C. fargesii f. duclouxii) | 13.0 | 21.0 |
11 | D-1 | 楸树(C. bungei) | 灰楸(C. fargesii) | 12.0 | 19.5 |
12 | S-1 | 长果楸(C. | 灰楸(C. fargesii) | 20.0 | 26.0 |
表2
不同单株花期物候
单株 Individuals | 开花持续时间 Flowering duration/d | 开花树龄 Flowering age/a | 开花习性 Flowering habit | 侧枝量 Lateral branch number | 花粉量 Pollen quantity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-004 | 100 | 1 | 持续开花Continuous flowering | 少Little | 多Many |
20-006 | 100 | 1 | 持续开花Continuous flowering | 多Many | 少Little |
19-001 | 100 | 1 | 持续开花Continuous flowering | 多Many | 多Many |
19-002 | 100 | 1 | 持续开花Continuous flowering | 多Many | 无Nothing |
BRH-001 | 100 | 1 | 持续开花Continuous flowering | 多Many | 多Many |
BRH-002 | 100 | 1 | 持续开花Continuous flowering | 多Many | 多Many |
BRH-003 | 100 | 1 | 持续开花Continuous flowering | 多Many | 无Nothing |
‘洛楸4号’ | 10~15 | 6 | 单次开花Single flowering | 少Little | 多Many |
D-3 | 10~15 | 6 | 单次开花Single flowering | 少Little | 少Little |
X-1 | 10~15 | 6 | 单次开花Single flowering | 少Little | 少Little |
D-1 | 10~15 | 6 | 单次开花Single flowering | 少Small | 无Nothing |
S-1 | 10~15 | 6 | 单次开花Single flowering | 少Small | 多Many |
表3
不同单株花序特征
单株 Individuals | 花序类型 Inflorescence types | 花序轴轮数 Number of inflorescence axis whorls | 花序每轮分枝数 Number of branches per round of inflorescence | 花序每轮分枝花数 The number of flowers on each branch of an inflorescence | 单花序花数 Number of flowers on a single inflorescence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-004 | 顶生二歧聚伞圆锥花序Panical and dichasium | 7~8 | 3 | 1~7 | 60~81 |
20-006 | 顶生二歧聚伞圆锥花序Panical and dichasium | 8~9 | 3~4 | 1~7 | 72~110 |
19-001 | 顶生二歧聚伞圆锥花序Panical and dichasium | 6~7 | 3 | 1~5 | 45~63 |
19-002 | 顶生伞房总状花序Raceme and corymb | 2~5 | 3 | 1 | 6~15 |
BRH-001 | 顶生伞房总状花序Raceme and corymb | 2~5 | 3 | 1 | 6~15 |
BRH-002 | 顶生伞房总状花序Raceme and corymb | 2~5 | 3 | 1 | 6~15 |
BRH-003 | 顶生伞房总状花序Raceme and corymb | 2~5 | 3 | 1 | 6~15 |
‘洛楸4号’ | 顶生聚伞总状花序Raceme and cyme | 2~4 | 3 | 1~3 | 6~18 |
D-3 | 顶生伞房总状花序Raceme and corymb | 2~4 | 3 | 1 | 6~12 |
X-1 | 顶生聚伞总状花序Raceme and cyme | 2~5 | 3 | 1~3 | 6~18 |
D-1 | 顶生伞房总状花序Raceme and corymb | 2~4 | 3 | 1~3 | 6~12 |
S-1 | 顶生聚伞总状花序Raceme and cyme | 2~4 | 3 | 1~3 | 6~18 |
表4
不同单株花色特征调查
单株 Individuals | 上唇内花被花斑颜色 Inner perianth flower spots color of labrum | 上唇外花被花斑颜色 Outer perianth flower spots color of labrum | 下唇内花被花斑颜色 Inner perianth flower spots color of labium | 下唇外花被花斑颜色 Outer perianth flower spots color of labium | 唇瓣花斑范围 Flower spots range of labellum | 花斑密度 Flower spots density | 花斑大小 Flower spots size | 蜜导颜色 Nectar guide color | 花苞颜色 Floral bract color |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-004 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
20-006 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
19-001 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
19-002 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
BRH-001 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
BRH-002 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
BRH-003 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
‘洛楸4号’ | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
D-3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
X-1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
D-1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
S-1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
表5
不同单株花大小性状分析
单株 Individuals | 花总长度 Total length of flower/mm | 花筒直径 Flower tube diameter/mm | 花筒长度 Flower tube length/mm | 花冠宽度 Corolla width/mm | 花梗长度 Peduncle length/mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-004 | 35.42±1.65e | 10.84±0.60d | 16.57±0.95g | 31.58±1.94e | 9.07±0.50f |
20-006 | 36.94±2.35de | 11.42±0.66d | 16.88±0.94g | 34.26±2.41de | 10.73±1.29ef |
19-001 | 43.57±3.40bc | 14.58±1.48b | 17.59±1.54gf | 44.87±5.60a | 13.43±2.30e |
19-002 | 40.78±5.22c | 14.11±0.92b | 18.70±1.01ef | 40.86±10.00abc | 26.89±4.89bc |
BRH-001 | 42.50±4.04c | 14.42±1.35b | 19.90±1.83de | 43.04±4.34ab | 23.38±2.88d |
BRH-002 | 40.37±3.87cd | 13.63±1.05bc | 18.54±1.35f | 40.95±4.96abc | 25.60±6.49cd |
BRH-003 | 46.50±5.712b | 16.13±1.25a | 22.05±1.75b | 42.39±5.69ab | 26.67±2.44bc |
‘洛楸4号’ | 50.36±2.14a | 15.75±1.26a | 24.68±1.51a | 43.44±3.64ab | 31.99±3.93a |
D-3 | 42.08±2.95c | 12.76±0.67c | 21.55±1.27bc | 35.26±4.65de | 29.82±4.69ab |
X-1 | 42.68±3.89c | 14.62±1.35b | 21.05±1.59bcd | 39.86±4.60bc | 25.56±3.69cd |
D-1 | 43.66±3.39bc | 14.17±1.69b | 20.68±1.32cd | 37.55±3.72cd | 26.05±3.23cd |
S-1 | 40.93±6.36c | 14.11±1.67b | 21.08±2.22bcd | 37.20±6.51cd | 29.72±3.96ab |
标准差 SD | 4.98 | 1.81 | 2.89 | 6.46 | 7.71 |
均值 Mean | 42.08 | 14.24 | 20.35 | 40.35 | 24.85 |
最大值 Max | 50.36 | 16.13 | 24.68 | 44.87 | 31.99 |
最小值 Min | 35.42 | 10.84 | 16.57 | 31.58 | 9.07 |
F | 10.46 | 25.68 | 61.95 | 11.65 | 70.14 |
变异系数/% CV | 11.83 | 12.74 | 14.20 | 16.01 | 31.02 |
多样性指数 | 1.53 | 1.83 | 1.83 | 1.66 | 1.69 |
表6
不同单株花蕊性状分析
单株 Individuals | 雌蕊长度 Pistil length/mm | 花药长度 Anther length/mm | 雄蕊长度 Stamen length/mm | 不育雄蕊长度 Sterile stamen length/mm |
---|---|---|---|---|
20-004 | 19.49±1.17d | 5.04±0.39cd | 17.56±1.77e | 3.66±0.49f |
20-006 | 19.44±0.88d | 5.04±0.34cd | 17.25±1.40e | 3.95±0.55f |
19-001 | 22.76±1.81c | 5.65±0.58ab | 14.52±2.27de | 4.35±1.89ef |
19-002 | 20.29±1.14d | 5.82±0.57a | 15.54±1.00cd | 5.37±1.05cd |
BRH-001 | 24.27±1.49b | 4.99±0.59cd | 13.93±1.53e | 4.16±0.58f |
BRH-002 | 22.69±1.75c | 5.64±0.35ab | 16.25±2.63c | 5.71±0.84bc |
BRH-003 | 24.87±1.59b | 4.85±0.44d | 16.05±1.91c | 4.55±0.64def |
‘洛楸4号’ | 24.93±1.67b | 5.89±0.57a | 21.10±1.91a | 6.79±1.18a |
D-3 | 24.72±0.82b | 5.16±0.33cd | 16.61±1.29c | 5.11±0.78cde |
X-1 | 27.52±1.48a | 4.99±0.35cd | 18.55±1.04b | 5.22±0.50cde |
D-1 | 24.30±0.81b | 5.14±0.30cd | 19.22±0.67b | 6.28±0.68ab |
S-1 | 22.79±2.46c | 5.33±0.39bc | 19.34±2.16b | 5.96±0.72abc |
标准差 SD | 2.59 | 0.58 | 2.84 | 1.40 |
均值 Mean | 23.40 | 5.36 | 17.11 | 5.17 |
最大值 Max | 27.52 | 5.89 | 21.10 | 6.79 |
最小值 Min | 19.44 | 4.85 | 13.93 | 3.66 |
F | 40.33 | 13.21 | 35.83 | 16.88 |
变异系数/% CV | 11.06 | 10.88 | 16.62 | 27.04 |
多样性指数 | 1.93 | 1.36 | 1.93 | 1.93 |
表7
不同单株花朵性状相关性分析
性状指标 Character index | 花总长度 Total length of flower | 花筒直径 Flower tube diameter | 花筒长度 Flower tube length | 花冠宽度 Corolla width | 花梗长度 Peduncle length | 雌蕊长度 Pistil length | 花药长度 Anther length | 雄蕊长度 Sterile stamenlength |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
花总长度 Total length of flower | — | |||||||
花筒直径 Flower tube diameter | 0.896** | — | ||||||
花筒长度 Flower tube length | 0.853** | 0.718** | — | |||||
花冠宽度 Corolla width | 0.733** | 0.857** | 0.376 | — | ||||
花梗长度 Peduncle length | 0.661* | 0.664* | 0.851** | 0.374 | — | |||
雌蕊长度 Pistil length | 0.708** | 0.690** | 0.758** | 0.463 | 0.640** | — | ||
花药长度 Anther length | 0.297 | 0.246 | 0.099 | 0.437 | 0.257 | -0.054 | — | |
雄蕊长度 Stamen length | 0.269 | -0.067 | 0.525 | -2.790 | 0.338 | 0.221 | 0.120 | — |
不育雄蕊长度 Parastamen length | 0.592* | 0.513 | 0.694* | 0.273 | 0.797** | 0.430 | 0.537 | 0.662** |
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