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植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 57-65.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.01.007

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑龙江省不同种源胡桃楸表型多样性

方玉凤1, 徐连峰1(), 张强1, 刘继锋2, 蒋先翠1, 吴晓微1, 任悦1   

  1. 1.黑龙江省林业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,齐齐哈尔 161005
    2.黑龙江省宾县万人欢林场,哈尔滨 150400
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-04 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-01-23
  • 通讯作者: 徐连峰 E-mail:xxllff2000@126.com
  • 作者简介:方玉凤(1988—),女,高级工程师,主要从事经济林研究。
  • 基金资助:
    林业公益性行业科研专项(201304704);黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2024Q002)

Phenotypic Diversity of Different Provenances of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. in Heilongjiang Province

Yufeng FANG1, Lianfeng XU1(), Qiang ZHANG1, Jifeng LIU2, Xiancui JIANG1, Xiaowei WU1, Yue REN1   

  1. 1.Qiqihar Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences,Qiqihar 161005
    2.Wanrenhuan Forest Farm of Binxian County,Harbin 150400
  • Received:2024-09-04 Online:2025-01-20 Published:2025-01-23
  • Contact: Lianfeng XU E-mail:xxllff2000@126.com

摘要:

为探明黑龙江省胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)主要分布地区天然林分种质资源生长性状和果核性状的表型多样性,以黑龙江省胡桃楸主要分布地区的77份胡桃楸种质为研究材料,对6个描述性表型性状和10个数量性状进行分析,采用主成分分析和系统聚类方法进行综合评价。结果表明:描述性表型性状变异系数为4.61%~43.49%,核壳颜色变异系数(43.49%)最大,核壳表面沟纹深度多样性指数(0.829)最大,果核顶尖突出程度的变异系数(4.61%)和多样性指数(0.120)均最小,表型性状相对稳定。数量性状方面,果核大小相关因子的变异系数为4.40%~12.05%,生长因子的变异系数为22.60%~35.57%,单株产量的变异系数(48.50%)最大,单个果核质量均值为9.36 g;单个果核质量与果核纵径、横径、侧径均存在极显著正相关性(P<0.01),单株产量与胡桃楸生长因子、果核大小及单个果核质量均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。对10个数量性状进行主成分分析,提取的4个指标累计贡献率为88.410%。聚类分析结果显示,77份胡桃楸种质可分为4组,第Ⅰ组可选育果材兼用品种,第Ⅱ组可用于选育高产、大果形果用品种,其中,Ⅱ组MH9和Ⅰ组BW12可作为选育高产、大果形果用品种的亲本,Ⅰ组BW14可作为选育材用品种的亲本。

关键词: 胡桃楸, 表型性状, 果核, 聚类分析, 育种

Abstract:

To investigate the phenotypic diversity of growth and nut traits of Juglans mandshurica natural forest germplasm resources, 77 germplasms of J. mandshurica from the main distribution areas of Heilongjiang Province were used as materials, and six descriptive phenotypic traits and 10 quantitative traits were analyzed, and principal component analysis and systematic clustering method were used for comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the variation coefficients of descriptive phenotypic traits were in range of 4.61%- 43.49%, variation coefficient of nut color(43.49%) was the highest, Shannon-weaver diversity index of depth of surface grooves(0.829) was the highest, variation coefficient(4.61%) and diversity index(0.120) of top prominence were the minimum, the phenotypic traits were stable relatively. In terms of quantitative traits, variation coefficients of factors related to nut size and growth were 4.40%-12.05% and 22.60%-35.57%, respectively; variation coefficient of yield per plant(48.50%) was the highest, and the mean value of single nut mass was 9.36 g. There were significant positive correlations between single nut mass and the indicators nut vertical diameter, horizontal diameter, lateral diameter(P<0.01), respectively. The yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with growth factor, nut size and single nut mass(P<0.01), respectively. The principal component analysis of 10 quantitative traits showed that the cumulative contribution rate of four indicators extracted was 88.410%. The results of cluster analysis showed that 77 germplasms could be divided into four groups, group Ⅰ could be used to breed fruit and timber, group Ⅱ could be used to breed fruit cultivars with high yield and large fruit shape. MH9 in group Ⅱand BW12 in group Ⅰ could be used as parent materials for breeding fruit cultivars with high yield and large fruit shape; BW14 in group Ⅰ could be used as parent materials for breeding timber cultivars.

Key words: Juglans mandshurica Maxim., phenotypic traits, nut, cluster analysis, breeding

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