三种不同草地植物叶际微生物多样性对比分析

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.03.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

叶际微生物在宿主植物的生长发育、抗病抗逆能力及生态系统功能中发挥着重要作用。然而，不同宿主植物间叶际微生物群落的差异及其影响机制尚不明确。本研究以内蒙古草原生态系统中禾本科（Poaceae）羊草（Leymus chinensis）、豆科（Fabaceae）野豌豆（Vicia sativa）和菊科（Asteraceae）阿尔泰狗娃花（Aster altaicus）为研究对象，采用高通量测序技术分析其叶际细菌与真菌的多样性及群落结构，并探讨叶片性状（全碳、全氮、全磷、叶绿素、比叶面积）对微生物群落的影响。结果表明：3种植物的叶际微生物群落结构均呈现显著的物种特异性。其中，羊草叶际细菌和真菌的α多样性最高，其叶际以芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）等潜在有益细菌为主，病原细菌的相对丰度较低，但同时携带潜在致病真菌。野豌豆叶际富集鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）与甲基杆菌-甲基红杆菌复合属（Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum）等具有固氮功能的细菌。阿尔泰狗娃花叶际真菌群落中，链格孢属（Alternaria）等病原菌与附球菌属（Epicoccum）等生防菌共存。冗余分析（redundancy analysis，RDA）表明，叶片全磷含量显著影响细菌和真菌群落结构，而全氮含量和比叶面积主要影响真菌群落的变异。综上，宿主植物自身的叶片结构和养分性状是塑造叶际细菌和真菌群落的关键因素。本研究为深入理解草原植物与叶际微生物的互作关系及其生态适应策略提供了理论支撑。

关键词: 叶际微生物, 群落结构, 多样性, 叶片性状

Abstract:

Phyllosphere microorganisms play crucial roles in host plant growth and development， disease resistance， stress tolerance， and ecosystem functions. However， the differences in phyllosphere microbial communities among different hosts and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study focused on three plant species within the Inner Mongolia grassland ecosystem： Leymus chinensis（Poaceae）， Vicia sativa（Fabaceae）， and Aster altaicus（Asteraceae）. The diversity and community structure of bacteria and fungi in the phyllosphere were analyzed by using high-throughput sequencing technology. Additionally， the influence of key leaf traits-total carbon， total nitrogen， total phosphorus， chlorophyll content， and specific leaf area on these microbial communities was investigated. Results indicated significant host species specificity in phyllosphere microbial community structure. The α-diversity of both bacterial and fungal communities was highest on L. chinensis. The phyllosphere of L. chinensis was dominated by potentially beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus species， with relatively low abundance of pathogenic bacteria， although it also harbored potential pathogenic fungi. In contrast， the phyllosphere of V. sativa was enriched with nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Sphingomonas and Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum. The fungal community in the phyllosphere of A. altaicus simultaneously contained pathogenic fungi such as Alternaria， and biocontrol fungi such as Epicoccum. Redundancy analysis revealed that leaf total phosphorus content significantly influenced both bacterial and fungal communities， whereas total nitrogen content and specific leaf area primarily affected fungal community variation. In conclusion， host leaf structural and nutrient traits are key determinants shaping phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities. This study provides theoretical support for understanding the relationship between grassland plants and their phyllosphere microbiome， as well as their ecological adaptation strategies.

Key words: phyllosphere microorganisms, community structure, diversity, leaf traits

中图分类号:

Q938.1

彭婉婷, 陈金宇, 杨帆, 李焮玉, 郭芯怡, 魏祎, 王洪义, 王智慧. 三种不同草地植物叶际微生物多样性对比分析[J]. 植物研究, 2026, 46(3): 531-541.

Wanting PENG, Jinyu CHEN, Fan YANG, Xinyu LI, Xinyi GUO, Yi WEI, Hongyi WANG, Zhihui WANG. Comparative Analysis of the Phyllosphere Microbial Diversity among Three Different Grassland Plants[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(3): 531-541.

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环境因子 Environmental factors	细菌 Bacteria			真菌 Fungi
环境因子 Environmental factors	解释度 Explains/%	伪F Pseudo-F	P	解释度 Explains/%	伪F Pseudo-F	P
全磷 TP	21.2	4.3	0.014	15.7	3.0	0.040
全氮 TN	12.7	2.3	0.082	30.4	7.0	0.002
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	11.9	2.2	0.094	22.1	4.5	0.008
叶绿素 Chlorophyll	6.7	1.1	0.302	12.3	2.2	0.076
全碳 TC	2.1	0.3	0.862	2.6	0.4	0.816