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植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 909-918.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.06.008

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

云南金花茶的遗传多样性评价和核心种质构建

张珊珊1,2,3, 阮孙美1,2,3, 杨文忠1,2,3()   

  1. 1.云南省林业和草原科学院,昆明 650201
    2.国家林业和草原局云南珍稀濒特森林植物保护和繁育重点实验室,昆明 650201
    3.云南省森林植物培育与利用重点实验室,昆明 650201
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-08 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-27
  • 通讯作者: 杨文忠 E-mail:wzyang2004@126.com
  • 作者简介:张珊珊(1984—),女,副研究员,主要从事濒危植物保护及开发利用研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(31960278);云南省林业和草原科学院基金项目(MS2019-08);云南省林业和草原科学院基金项目(MS2019-09)

Genetic Diversity Evaluation and Core Germplasm Construction of Camellia fascicularis

Shanshan ZHANG1,2,3, Sunmei RUAN1,2,3, Wenzhong YANG1,2,3()   

  1. 1.Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences,Kunming 650201
    2.Key Laboratory of Conservation and Propagation of Rare,Endangered and Endemic Forest Plants in Yunnan,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Kunming 650201
    3.Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Utilization of Forest Plants,Kunming 650201
  • Received:2025-05-08 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-27
  • Contact: Wenzhong YANG E-mail:wzyang2004@126.com

摘要:

云南金花茶(Camellia fascicularis)作为国家二级重点保护植物和云南省极小种群野生植物,其种群重建与保护亟待科学指导。该研究采用Hyper-seq技术的简化基因组测序方法,对3个野生种群(马关(MG)、蒙自(MZ)和河口(HK))和2个迁地保护种群(昆明树木园(KMSMY)和文山树木园(WSSMY))共计133份云南金花茶种质开展遗传多样性评估、群体遗传结构解析及核心种质筛选。结果显示:云南金花茶遗传多样性较高,期望杂合度(HE)平均值为0.232 6,观测杂合度(HO)平均值为0.365 9,核苷酸多样性(Pi)平均值为0.372 5;迁地保护种群(KMSMY和WSSMY)的遗传多样性略低于MG种群,高于MZ种群和HK种群,但这2个迁地保护种群的HEHOPi均未达到物种水平的90%。群体遗传结构分析表明,云南金花茶5个种群的133个个体可以分为4类,其中MG和KMSMY种群显示出较复杂的遗传结构和遗传背景。群体遗传分化显示,云南金花茶不同种群间的遗传分化程度极高(Fst=0.410 3)。基于遗传距离,从133份种质中提取出27份核心种质,可有效代表云南金花茶的遗传多样性。该研究首次从基因组层面解析云南金花茶的遗传特征,为制定该濒危物种的就地保护策略、优化迁地保育方案及科学开展种群重建提供了关键理论支撑。

关键词: 极小种群野生植物, 云南金花茶, 遗传多样性, 群体遗传结构, 核心种质, 种群重建

Abstract:

Camellia fascicularis,as a National Class II Key Protected Plant and a wild plant with extremely small populations in Yunnan Province, scientific guidance is urgently required for its population reconstruction and conservation. In this study, simplified genome sequencing method using Hyper-seq technology was used to evaluate and analyze the genetic diversity, population genetic structure and screen core germplasm among 133 accessions collected from three wild populations(Hekou, Mengzi and Maguan) and two ex situ conservation populations(Kunming Arboretum and Wenshan Arboretum). The results revealed that genetic diversity of C. fascicularis was high, an average expected heterozygosity(HE) was 0.232 6, an average observed heterozygosity(HO) was 0.365 9, and an average nucleotide diversity(Pi) was 0.372 5. The genetic diversity of the ex-situ conservation populations(KMSMY and WSSMY) was slightly lower than that of the MG population and higher than those of the MZ and HK populations, but the HEHO and Pi values of both ex-situ conservation populations did not reach 90% of the species-level benchmark. Genetic structure analysis showed that 133 individuals from five populations were categorized into four clusters, the MG and KMSMY populations showed more complex genetic structure and backgrounds. Population genetic differentiation showed that the degree of genetic differentiation among populations was very high(Fst=0.410 3). In conclusion, 27 core germplasms were extracted from 133 germplasms based on genetic distance, which effectively represented the genetic diversity of C. fascicularis. This study first analyzed the genetic characteristics of C. fascicularis at the genomic-level, providing crucial theoretical foundations for formulating in situ conservation strategies, optimizing the ex situ preservation protocols and implementing scientific population reconstruction for this endangered species.

Key words: plant species with extremely small populations, Camellia fascicularis, genetic diversity, population genetic structure, core germplasm, population reconstruction

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