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植物研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 493-504.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.03.010

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

角倍开裂前后组织结构、激素水平及其分子变化

王邦欢1, 李嘉欣1, 潘琦1,2, 梁月琴1,3, 吴爱萍1, 俸双娇1, 顾菊1, 杨子祥4, 刘平5, 王超1()   

  1. 1.西南林业大学,云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,云南省园林绿化植物资源培育与应用重点实验室,云南省功能性花卉资源及产业化技术工程研究中心,国家林业和草原局西南风景园林工程技术研究中心,昆明 650224
    2.神农架林区林业科学研究院,神农架 442499
    3.宁南县林业和草原局,宁南 615400
    4.中国林业科学研究院高原林业研究所,昆明 650233
    5.云南林业职业技术学院,昆明 650224
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-30 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-06-01
  • 通讯作者: 王超 E-mail:47188127@qq.com
  • 作者简介:王邦欢(2001—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事森林资源培育与利用研究。
  • 基金资助:
    云南省科技厅农业联合专项面上项目(202501BD070001-089);云南省科技厅农业联合专项面上项目(202301BD070001-087);林业和草原科技成果国家级推广项目(2023133104);五倍子原料林增效培育技术示范项目(云[2024]TG19号)

Tissue Structure, Hormone Levels, and Molecular Changes in Horned Galls Before and After Dehiscence

Banghuan WANG1, Jiaxin LI1, Qi PAN1,2, Yueqin LIANG1,3, Aiping WU1, Shuangjiao FENG1, Ju GU1, Zixiang YANG4, Ping LIU5, Chao WANG1()   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Resource Cultivation and Application,Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization,Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Southwest Landscape Architecture,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224
    2.Shennongjia Academy of Forestry,Shennongjia 442499
    3.Ningnan County Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Ningnan 615400
    4.Highland Forestry Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Kunming 650233
    5.Yunnan Forestry Technological College,Kunming 650224
  • Received:2025-12-30 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-06-01
  • Contact: Chao WANG E-mail:47188127@qq.com

摘要:

角倍是五倍子的主要生产种类,一般在其开裂前进行采收,探究角倍开裂机制,可为优化五倍子采收策略、提高角倍的产量和质量提供理论支持。以角倍为试验材料,对未开裂角倍与开裂初期(C)、中期(Z)和后期(M)角倍组织结构、激素(赤霉素和脱落酸)水平、转录组与代谢组进行综合分析。结果表明:组织结构上,未开裂角倍薄壁细胞较小(平均直径(31.40±2.38) μm),上表皮细胞较多,而开裂角倍薄壁细胞显著增大(平均直径(93.60±7.10) μm),维管束和裂生道变小;角倍脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)和赤霉素(gibberellin,GA)含量均随开裂程度增加而上升,未开裂角倍ABA和GA含量均较低(9.20、5.41 ngg-1),开裂后期(M)角倍ABA和GA含量均较高(16.35、10.94 ngg-1)。转录组分析发现,未开裂与开裂角倍间存在2 064个差异表达基因,主要富集于植物激素信号转导、淀粉和蔗糖代谢等通路。在ABA和GA合成过程中,GA20OXZEPNCEDAAO基因表达具有显著差异;代谢组分析鉴定出99个显著差异代谢物(74个上调、25个下调),主要富集于聚酮糖单元生物合成、萜类骨架生物合成等通路。联合分析表明,角倍开裂涉及多种基因和代谢物的协同作用,其中差异基因和差异代谢物主要在苯丙素生物合成、植物激素信号转导等通路中显著富集。角倍开裂时其细胞体积、维管束大小等均有变化。有多个通路共同促使角倍开裂,如苯丙素生物合成、黄酮类化合物生物合成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢及植物激素信号转导都对角倍开裂有显著影响。

关键词: 五倍子, 角倍, 开裂机制, 赤霉素, 脱落酸, 转录组学, 代谢组学

Abstract:

Horned galls constitute the primary variety of Chinese gallnuts and are typically harvested before dehiscence. Investigating the dehiscent mechanism of horned galls provides theoretical support for optimizing Chinese gallnut harvesting strategies and enhancing horned galls yield and quality. Using horned galls as experimental material, comprehensive analyses on paraffin section histological structure, hormonal (gibberellic acid and abscisic acid) levels, and transcriptional and metabolomic correlations were conducted on indehiscent and dehiscent horned galls at early-(C), mid-(Z), and late stages(M). Results showed that indehiscent horned galls exhibited smaller parenchyma cells (mean diameter(31.40±2.38) μm), more upper epidermal cells, and thicker epidermis. Dehiscent horned galls showed significantly enlarged parenchyma cells(mean diameter (93.60±7.10) μm), reduced vascular bundles, and smaller schizogenous duct. In plant hormones within horned galls, both ABA and GA levels increased with gall dehiscent progression. Indehiscent horned galls exhibited lower contents(9.20 and 5.41 ngg-1), while galls in the late dehiscent stage(M) showed higher levels (16.35, 10.94 ngg-1). Transcriptome analysis revealed 2 064 differentially expressed genes between indehiscent and dehiscent horned galls, primarily enriched in the pathways such as plant hormone signaling and starch/sucrose metabolism. Significant differences were observed in the expression of GA20OXZEPNCED and AAO genes during ABA and GA synthesis. Metabolomics identified 99 significantly differentially expressed metabolites(74 up-regulated, 25 down-regulated), predominantly enriched in polyketide sugar biosynthesis and terpenoid skeleton biosynthesis pathways. Integrated analysis revealed that horned galls dehiscence involved in the coordinated action of multiple genes and metabolites, with differentially expressed genes and metabolites significantly enriched in pathways including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signaling. Changes in cell volume and vascular bundle size occurred during horned galls dehiscence. Multiple pathways collectively drived horned galls dehiscence, with significant contributions from phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and plant hormone signaling.

Key words: Chinese gallnuts, horned galls, dehiscent mechanism, gibberellin, abscisic acid, transcriptomics, metabolomics

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