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植物研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 378-392.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.02.015

• 研究论文column:Original Paper • 上一篇    

基于多性状综合评价的杨树优良无性系筛选

王汉时1, 李潇1, 庞忠义2, 彭彦辉2, 王瑞雪1, 张太进1, 刘洋1, 赵曦阳1, 赵春莉1, 蒋路平1()   

  1. 1.吉林农业大学林学与草学学院,长春 130118
    2.新民市自然资源事务服务中心,新民 110300
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-15 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-02
  • 通讯作者: 蒋路平 E-mail:jiangluping@jlau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王汉时(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事林木良种选育与推广示范研究。
  • 基金资助:
    科技创新2030重大项目(2022ZD0401504)

Screening of Superior Poplar Clones Based on Multi-Trait Comprehensive Evaluation

Hanshi WANG1, Xiao LI1, Zhongyi PANG2, Yanhui PENG2, Ruixue WANG1, Taijin ZHANG1, Yang LIU1, Xiyang ZHAO1, Chunli ZHAO1, Luping JIANG1()   

  1. 1.College of Forestry and Grassland,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118
    2.Xinmin Natural Resources Affairs Service Center,Xinmin 110300
  • Received:2025-09-15 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-02
  • Contact: Luping JIANG E-mail:jiangluping@jlau.edu.cn

摘要:

筛选兼具速生与优质的杨树优良无性系,为东北地区杨树遗传改良提供材料支撑。以从新疆收集的43个杨树无性系为材料,在辽宁省新民市建立试验林,对其生长性状(苗高、地径)、叶片表型性状(叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶柄长、叶柄直径等)及光合生理性状(净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂摩尔分数、水分利用效率和叶绿素含量等)进行测定分析。结果表明:各性状在杨树无性系间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01);表型变异系数范围为1.41%~37.60%;各性状重复力均大于0.940,表现出较高的遗传稳定性和改良潜力。相关性分析结果表明,地径与叶片表型性状之间呈显著正相关(r,0.505~0.604);与叶绿素含量呈显著正相关(r,0.275~0.328)。基于杨树无性系速生性(生长指标)、生物量积累能力(生长与叶片表型指标)、水分与光资源利用效率(生长、叶面积、水分利用效率)和潜在光合能力(生长、叶面积、净光合速率、光合色素含量)等特征,构建不同评价体系,最终筛选出107杨、金叶杨、中林107、中林46、美洲黑杨、64#共6个无性系在4种评价体系中高度重叠,各指标遗传增益范围为2.82%~69.08%。这些无性系在速生性、水分与光资源利用效率及光合潜在能力等方面各具优势,体现出不同的生长优势与适应策略,可针对东北地区不同立地条件实现“因地选树”,满足多样化造林需求,为杨树无性系在东北地区的推广提供了科学依据。

关键词: 杨树无性系, 生长特性, 叶片性状, 光合特性, 遗传参数, 多性状综合评价

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to select superior poplar clones in combination with fast growth and high quality, so as to provide material support for genetic improvement of poplar in northeast China. Forty-three poplar clones introduced from Xinjiang were planted in a test plantation established in Xinmin City, Liaoning Province. Their growth traits(tree height and ground diameter), leaf morphological traits(leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, petiole length, petiole diameter, etc.), and photosynthetic physiological traits(net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 mole fraction, water-use efficiency, and chlorophyll content, etc.) were measured and analyzed. The results showed that all 43 clones exhibited significant differences in the measured traits(P<0.01). The phenotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 1.41% to 37.60%. All traits showed repeatability values exceeding 0.940, indicating high genetic stability and improvement potential. Correlation analysis revealed that ground diameter was generally and significantly positively correlated with leaf morphological traits(r, 0.505-0.604), and also significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll content(r, 0.275-0.328). Different evaluation systems were constructed based on their characteristics in growth traits(growth indicators), biomass accumulation capacity(growth and leaf morphological indicators), water- and light-use efficiency(growth, leaf area, and water-use efficiency), and potential photosynthetic capacity(growth, leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, and photosynthetic pigment content). Based on these evaluation systems, six clones-Peuramericana cv. ‘Neva’, P. nigra cv. ‘Jinye’, Peuramericana ‘Zhonglin107’, Peuramericana ‘Zhonglin46’, P.deltoides and P. ×deltoids cv-64-were consistently selected across four evaluation systems, with genetic gains ranging from 2.82% to 69.08%. These clones had distinct advantages in fast growth, water- and light-use efficiency, and potential photosynthetic capacity, reflecting different growth advantages and adaptive strategies. They enable “site-specific clone selection” in northeast China to meet diverse afforestation needs, thereby providing a scientific basis for the promotion of poplar clones in the region.

Key words: poplar clones, growth characteristics, leaf traits, photosynthetic characteristics, genetic parameters, multi-trait comprehensive evaluation

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