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植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 228-240.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.02.009

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

平茬对东北槭嫩枝幼化及扦插生根的影响

田林平1, 韩文哲1, 吴军2, 马元东1, 齐雨1, 王兆宁1, 李春明1, 李海霞3, 刘焕臻1, 范海娟1()   

  1. 1.东北林业大学林学院,林木遗传育种全国重点实验室,哈尔滨 150040
    2.鹤岗市桶子沟林场,鹤岗 154100
    3.黑龙江省林业科学研究所,哈尔滨 150081
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-30 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-04-04
  • 通讯作者: 范海娟 E-mail:fhj200507@nefu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:田林平(1999—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事林木遗传改良研究。
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划项目(GA20B40);2024年地方博士后出站启动金项目(415916)

Stumping Effect on Rejuvenation of Twigs and Rooting of Softwood Cuttings of Acer Mandshuricum

Linping TIAN1, Wenzhe HAN1, Jun WU2, Yuandong MA1, Yu QI1, Zhaoning WANG1, Chunming LI1, Haixia LI3, Huanzhen LIU1, Haijuan FAN1()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040
    2.Tongzigou Forest Farm,Hegang 154100
    3.Forestry Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150081
  • Received:2024-09-30 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-04-04
  • Contact: Haijuan FAN E-mail:fhj200507@nefu.edu.cn

摘要:

东北槭(Acer mandshuricum)为东北地区极具观赏价值的彩叶树种,但繁殖困难,该研究旨在提高东北槭嫩枝扦插生根率,厘清平茬处理与东北槭嫩枝扦插生根的关系。2023年,以未平茬东北槭当年嫩枝(Pc-CK)为对照,观测Pc-2(2022年平茬)和Pc-1(2023年平茬)当年嫩枝横截面解剖结构、生长指标、叶片生理生化指标及嫩枝插穗生根指标。结果表明:Pc-1嫩枝插穗生根率、平均根长、平均生根数量和根系效果指数均大于Pc-2(P<0.05)和Pc-CK(P<0.05);嫩枝茎横截面表皮及皮层厚角组织厚度、木质部厚度由小到大依次为Pc-1、Pc-2、Pc-CK(P<0.05)。Pc-1嫩枝枝长、基径、叶面积、叶鲜质量及含水量均显著大于Pc-CK(P<0.05)。Pc-1叶片净光合速率和气孔导度分别比Pc-CK提高90%和89%(P<0.05)。同时,Pc-1叶片的叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著大于Pc-CK(P<0.05),而Pc-CK叶片的丙二醛(MDA)、总黄酮、总酚含量显著大于Pc-1(P<0.05)。综上,平茬处理使东北槭嫩枝复幼,从而促进扦插生根,且Pc-1的幼化生根效果较好,为嫩枝扦插繁殖提供了支撑。

关键词: 东北槭, 平茬, 显微结构, 光合特性, 抗氧化酶活性

Abstract:

Acer mandshuricum is a colourful leafy tree species with great ornamental value in Northeast China, but it is difficult to reproduce. The aim of this study was to improve the rooting rate of A. mandshuricum softwood cuttings and to clarify the relationship between stumping treatment and rooting of softwood cuttings. In 2023, the cross-sectional anatomical structure and growth index of twigs, the physiological and biochemical index of leaves, and the rooting index of softwood cuttings of Pc-2(stumped in 2022), Pc-1(stumped in 2023) were observed, using the twigs of A. mandshuricum without stumping(Pc-CK) as a control. The results showed that: the rooting rate, average root length, average number of roots, and root effect index of Pc-1 softwood cuttings were higher than those of Pc-2(P<0.05) and Pc-CK(P<0.05). The thickness of the epidermal and cortical collenchyma and the thickness of the xylem in the cross-section of their twigs from small to large were Pc-1, Pc-2 and Pc-CK(P<0.05). The length, basal diameter, leaf area, leaf fresh weight, and water content of Pc-1 twigs were significantly higher than those of Pc-CK(P<0.05). The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of Pc-1 leaves were significantly increased by 90% and 89%(P<0.05) respectively, compared to Pc-CK. The contents of chlorophyll a, carotenoid, soluble sugar, and soluble protein, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) in Pc-1 leaves were significantly higher than those of Pc-CK(P<0.05). The contents of malondialdehyde(MDA), total flavonoids, and total phenolics in Pc-CK leaves were significantly higher than those in Pc-1(P<0.05). In conclusion, the stumping treatment made the twigs of A. mandshuricum rejuvenated, which promoted the rooting from softwood cuttings. The Pc-1 twigs showed better juvenile characteristics and rooting effect on softwood cuttings, which provided support for the softwood cutting propagation of A. mandshuricum.

Key words: Acer mandshuricum, stumping, microstructure, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity

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