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植物研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 361-377.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.02.014

• 研究论文column:Original Paper • 上一篇    下一篇

小叶杨优良家系筛选与亲缘谱系重建

解晓宇1, 林芮竹2, 张太进1, 王瑞雪1, 王汉时1, 张金旺3, 铁龙3, 赵春莉1, 赵曦阳1, 蔡柯伟1()   

  1. 1.吉林农业大学林学与草学学院,长春 130118
    2.东北林业大学园林学院,哈尔滨 150040
    3.通辽市林业和草原科学研究所,通辽 028000
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-08 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-02
  • 通讯作者: 蔡柯伟 E-mail:ckwnefu@163.com
  • 作者简介:解晓宇(2001—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事小叶杨改良选育研究。
  • 基金资助:
    科技创新2030重大项目(2022ZD0401504)

Screening of Superior Families and Reconstruction of Kinship Trees in Populus simonii

Xiaoyu XIE1, Ruizhu LIN2, Taijin ZHANG1, Ruixue WANG1, Hanshi WANG1, Jinwang ZHANG3, Long TIE3, Chunli ZHAO1, Xiyang ZHAO1, Kewei CAI1()   

  1. 1.College of Forestry and Grassland,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118
    2.College of Landscape Architecture,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040
    3.Tongliao Institute of Forestry and Grassland Science,Tongliao 028000
  • Received:2025-12-08 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-02
  • Contact: Kewei CAI E-mail:ckwnefu@163.com

摘要:

为选育谱系清晰的林木良种,该研究以20个小叶杨(Populus simonii)半同胞家系为材料,对其生长性状与叶片性状进行调查,并结合EST-SSR分子标记技术开展亲缘谱系重建,同时对重建前后的半同胞及全同胞家系进行评价与选择。结果表明:各调查指标在20个家系间存在极显著差异(P<0.01),且各指标的家系遗传力较高,群体遗传多样性丰富;以5%的入选率初步筛选出Ps14为最优家系,其苗高、地茎分别较总体均值提高55.45%、40.38%,其鲜叶质量、干叶质量、叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、叶面积及叶脉夹角分别较总体均值提高60.20%、39.29%、24.40%、41.66%、1.05%、14.73%和68.69%;利用15对多态性EST-SSR引物对Ps14子代进行父本鉴定,成功鉴定99%的子代,共确定32个有效父本,其中12个父本在自由授粉条件下表现出较高的繁殖贡献;对谱系重建后的全同胞家系进行评价,初步筛选出Ps14×M-PS243为优良家系,其子代在苗高与地径方面较群体均值分别提高76.64%和74.34%;同时,通过一般配合力(general combining ability,GCA)分析,初步筛选出M-PS243为优良父本。综上所述,该研究利用分子标记技术对杨树半同胞家系进行谱系重建与优良家系评价选择,显著提升了选择效率,为杨树及其他树种的遗传改良提供了新思路。

关键词: 小叶杨, 家系选择, 谱系重建

Abstract:

To identify purebred tree varieties with well-defined pedigrees, this study examined growth and leaf traits across 20 half-sibling families of Populus simonii. By integrating EST-SSR molecular marker technology, the kinship pedigree was reconstructed, and evaluations and selections were performed for both half-sibling and full-sibling families before and after reconstruction. The results revealed highly significant differences(P<0.01) across all investigated indices among the 20 families. High heritability was observed for each index, and the population exhibited substantial genetic diversity. At a selection rate of 5%, Ps14 was identified as the optimal family; the seedling height and ground stem diameter increased by 55.45% and 40.38%, respectively, compared to the overall mean. Fresh leaf mass, dry leaf mass, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, leaf area, and leaf vein angle increased by 60.20%, 39.29%, 24.40%, 41.66%, 1.05%, 14.73%, and 68.69%, respectively, compared to the overall mean. Paternity identification of Ps14 offspring was conducted using 15 polymorphic EST-SSR primer pairs, successfully identifying paternal parents for 99% of the offspring. A total of 32 effective paternal parents were identified, among which 12 had higher reproductive contributions under open-pollination conditions. Ps14×M-PS243 was identified through evaluation of the reconstructed full-sib families as an excellent family, with offspring exhibiting a 76.64% increase in height and a 74.34% increase in ground diameter compared to the population mean. Additionally, GCA analysis highlighted M-PS243 as a promising paternal parent. In conclusion, this study utilized molecular markers to reconstruct pedigrees of poplar half-sibling families and evaluate superior families with clear pedigrees, significantly enhancing selection efficiency and providing novel insights for the genetic improvement of poplar and other tree species.

Key words: Populus simonii, family selection, phylogenetic reconstruction

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