植物研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 361-377.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.02.014
• 研究论文column:Original Paper • 上一篇 下一篇
解晓宇1, 林芮竹2, 张太进1, 王瑞雪1, 王汉时1, 张金旺3, 铁龙3, 赵春莉1, 赵曦阳1, 蔡柯伟1(
)
收稿日期:2025-12-08
出版日期:2026-03-20
发布日期:2026-04-02
通讯作者:
蔡柯伟
E-mail:ckwnefu@163.com
作者简介:解晓宇(2001—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事小叶杨改良选育研究。
基金资助:
Xiaoyu XIE1, Ruizhu LIN2, Taijin ZHANG1, Ruixue WANG1, Hanshi WANG1, Jinwang ZHANG3, Long TIE3, Chunli ZHAO1, Xiyang ZHAO1, Kewei CAI1(
)
Received:2025-12-08
Online:2026-03-20
Published:2026-04-02
Contact:
Kewei CAI
E-mail:ckwnefu@163.com
摘要:
为选育谱系清晰的林木良种,该研究以20个小叶杨(Populus simonii)半同胞家系为材料,对其生长性状与叶片性状进行调查,并结合EST-SSR分子标记技术开展亲缘谱系重建,同时对重建前后的半同胞及全同胞家系进行评价与选择。结果表明:各调查指标在20个家系间存在极显著差异(P<0.01),且各指标的家系遗传力较高,群体遗传多样性丰富;以5%的入选率初步筛选出Ps14为最优家系,其苗高、地茎分别较总体均值提高55.45%、40.38%,其鲜叶质量、干叶质量、叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、叶面积及叶脉夹角分别较总体均值提高60.20%、39.29%、24.40%、41.66%、1.05%、14.73%和68.69%;利用15对多态性EST-SSR引物对Ps14子代进行父本鉴定,成功鉴定99%的子代,共确定32个有效父本,其中12个父本在自由授粉条件下表现出较高的繁殖贡献;对谱系重建后的全同胞家系进行评价,初步筛选出Ps14×M-PS243为优良家系,其子代在苗高与地径方面较群体均值分别提高76.64%和74.34%;同时,通过一般配合力(general combining ability,GCA)分析,初步筛选出M-PS243为优良父本。综上所述,该研究利用分子标记技术对杨树半同胞家系进行谱系重建与优良家系评价选择,显著提升了选择效率,为杨树及其他树种的遗传改良提供了新思路。
中图分类号:
解晓宇, 林芮竹, 张太进, 王瑞雪, 王汉时, 张金旺, 铁龙, 赵春莉, 赵曦阳, 蔡柯伟. 小叶杨优良家系筛选与亲缘谱系重建[J]. 植物研究, 2026, 46(2): 361-377.
Xiaoyu XIE, Ruizhu LIN, Taijin ZHANG, Ruixue WANG, Hanshi WANG, Jinwang ZHANG, Long TIE, Chunli ZHAO, Xiyang ZHAO, Kewei CAI. Screening of Superior Families and Reconstruction of Kinship Trees in Populus simonii[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(2): 361-377.
表1
15对小叶杨SSR引物列表
引物类别 Primer category | 正向引物序列(5′→3′) Forward primer sequence(5′→3′) | 反向引物序列(5′→3′) Reverse primer sequence(5′→3′) | 重复单元 Repetitive unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| SSR3 | TCCTTGCTAGTGGTTCCCA | TGCAAAACCCCAGCAAGC | (TAA)21 |
| SSR4 | CCCCTTTAACCTGATGCCCA | GCGGAGGCGGGTGTAAAA | (AAT)21 |
| SSR8 | CAGGTCCTGCTCACCCAA | CTGGTGAGGTGGGGTTCG | (ATA)19 |
| SSR13 | AGCGCCACTTTCCTTGCT | ACAAGCAGTCAACACACTCCA | (AAT)18 |
| SSR14 | TCACGAGGTTCGCATCACA | TCTAATCTCGAAACTGGGCAA | (TTA)18 |
| SSR22 | ACGTTGCCTCCGAGGATG | ACACACAGAAGTTGCTTGCA | (TTA)17 |
| SSR29 | GGCCTTGTCCTCTGCCAG | TCCAACCTCTACCCCCGA | (ATC)17 |
| SSR34 | AGCTTCTTGTGTGCCCTAAA | AATGGGGGTGAAGGCGTG | (GTAT)10 |
| SSR42 | CCCCCAGCCAATGATGCA | AGTCCATCCAGGCCGAGT | (AT)55 |
| SSR54 | ACTTGCATGCCGGCAGAT | CGGTGGTTGTGTTGTGTGG | (AT)49 |
| SSR62 | CCCCGAGGCCTAAAATGTT | GCTCCAAGCATTAGAGAGGAG | (TA)47 |
| SSR74 | ACAGACCGGGATTAGCATGG | CCAAAGGCATGCTGTCAGC | (AT)46 |
| SSR77 | AGGATTTGGGTTTGAGGGGAC | TGGCCGTATGCAACACACA | (AT)46 |
| SSR94 | ACCTCGCAAGCAATCTCCA | TGATGGGGTGGGGTCTCT | (TC)44 |
| SSR101 | GGTTGTTCGTTGCCCAGC | GGCACTACACTGCACTTTACC | (CT)43 |
表4
各家系不同性状方差分析
性状 Trait | 变异来源 Variation source | 自由度 df | 均方 Mean square | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 苗高Seedling height/cm | 家系 | 19 | 33 735.233 | 136.664 | <0.01 |
| 地径Ground diameter/mm | 家系 | 19 | 347.674 | 82.379 | <0.01 |
| 鲜叶质量Fresh leaf mass/g | 家系 | 19 | 4.920 | 228.368 | <0.01 |
| 干叶质量Dry leaf mass/g | 家系 | 19 | 0.321 | 123.654 | <0.01 |
| 叶长Leaf length/cm | 家系 | 19 | 57.879 | 107.496 | <0.01 |
| 叶宽Leaf width/cm | 家系 | 19 | 105.951 | 225.383 | <0.01 |
| 叶柄长Petiole length/cm | 家系 | 19 | 79.113 | 87.309 | <0.01 |
| 叶面积Leaf area/cm2 | 家系 | 19 | 10 057.356 | 226.357 | <0.01 |
| 叶脉夹角Leaf vein angle/(°) | 家系 | 19 | 559.751 | 10.806 | <0.01 |
表5
各家系不同性状遗传变异分析
性状 Trait | 平均值 Average value | 变幅 Range | 标准差 Standard deviation | 遗传变异系数 CV,G/% | 表型变异系数 CV,P/% | 家系遗传力 h2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 苗高Seedling height/cm | 132.47 | 60.00~229.00 | 36.18 | 31.69 | 33.84 | 0.88 |
| 地径Ground diameter/mm | 13.25 | 5.89~24.51 | 3.89 | 32.09 | 35.64 | 0.81 |
| 鲜叶质量Fresh leaf mass/g | 0.98 | 0.40~1.98 | 0.34 | 51.91 | 54.08 | 0.92 |
| 干叶质量Dry leaf mass/g | 0.28 | 0.11~0.55 | 0.09 | 46.41 | 50.40 | 0.85 |
| 叶长Leaf length/cm | 8.69 | 5.50~11.12 | 1.28 | 19.99 | 21.70 | 0.85 |
| 叶宽Leaf width/cm | 7.85 | 4.53~12.67 | 1.57 | 30.01 | 31.25 | 0.92 |
| 叶柄长Petiole length/cm | 2.84 | 0.38~7.86 | 1.55 | 71.34 | 78.80 | 0.82 |
| 叶面积Leaf area/cm2 | 51.53 | 20.09~95.22 | 7.84 | 10.03 | 17.20 | 0.34 |
| 叶脉夹角Leaf vein angle/(°) | 46.82 | 20.32~76.26 | 15.33 | 49.04 | 51.06 | 0.92 |
表6
各性状相关性分析
性状 Trait | 苗高 Seedling height | 地径 Ground diameter | 鲜叶质量 Fresh leaf mass | 干叶质量 Dry leaf mass | 叶长 Leaf length | 叶宽 Leaf width | 叶柄长 Petiole length | 叶脉夹角 Leaf vein angle |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
地径 Ground diameter | 0.875** | |||||||
鲜叶质量 Fresh leaf mass | 0.716** | 0.626** | ||||||
干叶质量 Dry leaf mass | 0.603** | 0.544** | 0.914** | |||||
叶长 Leaf length | 0.660** | 0.582** | 0.827** | 0.762** | ||||
叶宽 Leaf width | 0.724** | 0.599** | 0.922** | 0.819** | 0.756** | |||
叶柄长 Petiole length | 0.494** | 0.374** | 0.704** | 0.569** | 0.535** | 0.749** | ||
叶脉夹角 Leaf vein angle | 0.042 | 0.031 | 0.202** | 0.171** | 0.099** | 0.176** | 0.120** | |
叶面积 Leaf area | 0.736** | 0.620** | 0.950** | 0.856** | 0.868** | 0.946** | 0.699** | 0.199** |
表7
各性状主成分分析
主要成分因子 Principal component factor | 主成分Ⅰ Principal component Ⅰ | 主成分Ⅱ Principal component Ⅱ | 主要成分因子 Principal component factor | 主成分Ⅰ Principal component Ⅰ | 主成分Ⅱ Principal component Ⅱ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
特征值 Eigenvalue | 5.968 | 1.011 | 干叶质量 Dry leaf mass | 0.859 | 0.026 |
贡献率 Contribution rate | 66.315 | 11.238 | 叶长 Leaf length | 0.861 | -0.070 |
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate | 66.315 | 77.553 | 叶宽 Leaf width | 0.939 | 0.055 |
苗高 Seedling height | 0.839 | -0.143 | 叶柄长 Petiole length | 0.688 | 0.045 |
地径 Ground diameter | 0.750 | -0.178 | 叶脉夹角 Leaf vein angle | 0.103 | 0.971 |
鲜叶质量 Fresh leaf mass | 0.960 | 0.053 | 叶面积 Leaf area | 0.968 | 0.060 |
表8
各家系 Qi 分析
家系 Families | 生长性状 Growth traits | 叶片性状 Leaf traits | 生长与叶片性状联合选择 Combined selection of growth and leaf traits | 家系 Families | 生长性状 Growth traits | 叶片性状 Leaf traits | 生长与叶片性状联合选择 Combined selection of growth and leaf traits |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ps14 | 1.41 | 2.64 | 3.00 | Ps20 | 1.31 | 2.04 | 2.42 |
| Ps3 | 1.29 | 2.54 | 2.85 | Ps18 | 1.21 | 2.07 | 2.40 |
| Ps13 | 1.27 | 2.46 | 2.77 | Ps15 | 1.18 | 2.08 | 2.39 |
| Ps17 | 1.31 | 2.42 | 2.75 | Ps4 | 1.15 | 2.08 | 2.38 |
| Ps5 | 1.20 | 2.34 | 2.63 | Ps8 | 1.06 | 1.99 | 2.25 |
| Ps7 | 1.24 | 2.28 | 2.59 | Ps19 | 0.98 | 1.97 | 2.20 |
| Ps6 | 1.24 | 2.26 | 2.58 | Ps10 | 0.90 | 1.99 | 2.18 |
| Ps1 | 1.18 | 2.28 | 2.57 | Ps9 | 0.90 | 1.92 | 2.12 |
| Ps2 | 1.15 | 2.26 | 2.54 | Ps16 | 0.92 | 1.90 | 2.11 |
| Ps12 | 1.22 | 2.21 | 2.52 | Ps11 | 0.96 | 1.81 | 2.05 |
图2
部分高多态性引物扩增部分父本及子代PCR产物电泳图A.部分高多态性引物与部分父本PCR产物的电泳结果;M.DL 2 000 DNA分子质量标准物;泳道1~6为引物SSR14与部分父本DNA的PCR扩增产物;泳道7~12为引物SSR22与部分父本DNA的PCR扩增产物;泳道13~18为引物SSR29与部分父本DNA的PCR扩增产物。B.部分高多态性引物与部分子代PCR产物的电泳结果;M.DL 2 000 DNA分子质量标准物;泳道1~6为引物SSR34与部分子代DNA的PCR扩增产物;泳道7~12为引物SSR62与部分子代DNA的PCR扩增产物;泳道13~18为引物SSR54与部分子代DNA的PCR扩增产物。
表9
EST-SSR引物的多态性
引物 Primer | 观察等位基因 Na | 有效等位基因 Ne | 观测杂合度 Ho | 期望杂合度 He | 非偏差期望杂合度 Hue | Shannon多样性指数 I | 固定指数 Ffix | 多态信息含量 PIC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均值Mean | 24 | 6.61 | 0.57 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 2.24 | 0.31 | 0.82 |
| SSR3 | 18 | 6.13 | 0.50 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 2.11 | 0.41 | 0.82 |
| SSR4 | 20 | 4.16 | 0.52 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 2.07 | 0.32 | 0.75 |
| SSR8 | 18 | 8.31 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 2.36 | 0.02 | 0.87 |
| SSR13 | 15 | 4.88 | 0.66 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 2.03 | 0.17 | 0.78 |
| SSR14 | 14 | 4.69 | 0.73 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 1.91 | 0.07 | 0.77 |
| SSR22 | 12 | 4.98 | 0.77 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 1.79 | 0.03 | 0.77 |
| SSR29 | 15 | 4.72 | 0.64 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 1.76 | 0.19 | 0.76 |
| SSR34 | 11 | 5.19 | 0.69 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 1.87 | 0.14 | 0.78 |
| SSR42 | 30 | 10.88 | 0.56 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 2.69 | 0.39 | 0.90 |
| SSR54 | 50 | 8.93 | 0.42 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 2.75 | 0.53 | 0.88 |
| SSR62 | 39 | 4.12 | 0.29 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 2.13 | 0.61 | 0.74 |
| SSR74 | 36 | 12.14 | 0.31 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 2.91 | 0.66 | 0.91 |
| SSR77 | 26 | 6.26 | 0.25 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 2.50 | 0.70 | 0.83 |
| SSR94 | 35 | 6.90 | 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 2.39 | 0.06 | 0.84 |
| SSR101 | 28 | 6.83 | 0.51 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 2.29 | 0.41 | 0.84 |
表10
Ps14家系父本鉴定结果
父本 Male parent | 子代 Offspring | 置信水平 Pair confidence | 父本 Male parent | 子代 Offspring | 置信水平 Pair confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M-PS189 | O-PS42 | + | M-PS134 | O-PS80 | * |
| O-PS54 | * | O-PS9 | + | ||
| O-PS66 | + | O-PS69 | + | ||
| O-PS7 | + | O-PS93 | * | ||
| O-PS43 | + | O-PS47 | + | ||
| O-PS55 | * | O-PS24 | + | ||
| O-PS67 | + | O-PS36 | + | ||
| O-PS79 | + | O-PS84 | + | ||
| O-PS92 | + | O-PS96 | + | ||
| O-PS46 | + | O-PS37 | * | ||
| O-PS95 | + | O-PS73 | * | ||
| O-PS12 | + | O-PS97 | + | ||
| O-PS60 | * | O-PS51 | * | ||
| O-PS98 | + | O-PS28 | + | ||
| O-PS64 | + | M-PS59 | O-PS32 | * | |
| O-PS76 | + | O-PS34 | + | ||
| O-PS17 | * | O-PS13 | + | ||
| O-PS77 | + | O-PS74 | + | ||
| M-PS279 | O-PS4 | + | M-PS207 | O-PS1 | * |
| O-PS5 | * | O-PS10 | + | ||
| O-PS19 | * | O-PS59 | * | ||
| O-PS16 | + | O-PS65 | + | ||
| M-PS259 | O-PS22 | + | M-PS215 | O-PS58 | + |
| O-PS99 | + | O-PS86 | + | ||
| O-PS40 | + | O-PS15 | + | ||
| O-PS29 | + | O-PS63 | + | ||
| M-PS86 | O-PS6 | + | M-PS55 | O-PS33 | + |
| O-PS68 | + | O-PS70 | * | ||
| O-PS57 | * | O-PS61 | + | ||
| O-PS35 | + | O-PS85 | * | ||
| O-PS38 | * | O-PS26 | + | ||
| O-PS88 | + | M-PS263 | O-PS83 | * | |
| M-PS243 | O-PS20 | + | M-PS230 | O-PS56 | * |
| O-PS21 | + | O-PS48 | * | ||
| O-PS72 | + | O-PS53 | + | ||
| M-PS98 | O-PS90 | + | M-PS120 | O-PS18 | + |
| O-PS31 | + | O-PS101 | + | ||
| M-PS26 | O-PS25 | + | M-PS178 | O-PS81 | * |
| O-PS75 | + | O-PS41 | + | ||
| M-PS83 | O-PS78 | + | M-PS69 | O-PS44 | + |
| O-PS71 | + | O-PS87 | + | ||
| M-PS2 | O-PS50 | + | M-PS16 | O-PS30 | + |
| O-PS39 | + | O-PS23 | * | ||
| M-PS128 | O-PS8 | + | M-PS237 | O-PS2 | * |
| O-PS52 | + | M-PS250 | O-PS3 | * | |
| O-PS100 | + | M-PS248 | O-PS27 | + | |
| M-PS234 | O-PS45 | * | M-PS32 | O-PS14 | * |
| M-PS176 | O-PS94 | + | M-PS150 | O-PS89 | + |
| M-PS170 | O-PS91 | + | M-PS136 | O-PS82 | + |
| M-PS71 | O-PS49 | * | M-PS65 | O-PS62 | + |
表11
各家系雄性亲本繁殖贡献率
父本 Male parent | 子代数量 Number of offspring | 繁殖贡献率 Reproductive contribution rate/% | 父本 Male parent | 子代数量 Number of offspring | 繁殖贡献率 Reproductive contribution rate/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M-PS71 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS2 | 2 | 2.00 |
| M-PS65 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS178 | 2 | 2.00 |
| M-PS32 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS16 | 2 | 2.00 |
| M-PS263 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS120 | 2 | 2.00 |
| M-PS250 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS243 | 3 | 3.00 |
| M-PS248 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS230 | 3 | 3.00 |
| M-PS237 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS128 | 3 | 3.00 |
| M-PS234 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS59 | 4 | 4.00 |
| M-PS176 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS279 | 4 | 4.00 |
| M-PS170 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS259 | 4 | 4.00 |
| M-PS150 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS215 | 4 | 4.00 |
| M-PS136 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS207 | 4 | 4.00 |
| M-PS98 | 2 | 2.00 | M-PS55 | 5 | 5.00 |
| M-PS83 | 2 | 2.00 | M-PS86 | 6 | 6.00 |
| M-PS69 | 2 | 2.00 | M-PS134 | 14 | 14.00 |
| M-PS26 | 2 | 2.00 | M-PS189 | 18 | 18.00 |
表12
全同胞家系生长表现评价
父本 Male parent | 子代数量 Number of offspring | 子代苗高均值 Mean seedling height of the offspring/cm | 子代地径均值 Mean ground diameter of the offspring/mm | Mean ground diameter | 综合评价得分 Qi | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M-PS243 | 3 | 234.00 | 23.10 | 76.64 | 74.34 | 2.00 |
| M-PS279 | 4 | 201.50 | 18.35 | 52.11 | 38.45 | 1.91 |
| M-PS259 | 4 | 232.00 | 21.86 | 75.13 | 64.94 | 1.76 |
| M-PS215 | 4 | 186.50 | 16.45 | 40.79 | 24.15 | 1.70 |
| M-PS207 | 4 | 168.00 | 17.15 | 26.82 | 29.43 | 1.67 |
| M-PS134 | 14 | 206.07 | 17.82 | 55.56 | 34.49 | 1.63 |
| M-PS55 | 5 | 185.50 | 15.31 | 40.03 | 15.53 | 1.59 |
| M-PS59 | 4 | 106.98 | 17.71 | -19.24 | 33.62 | 1.53 |
| M-PS230 | 3 | 191.67 | 15.54 | 44.69 | 17.28 | 1.53 |
| M-PS189 | 18 | 189.39 | 15.73 | 42.97 | 18.72 | 1.52 |
| M-PS86 | 6 | 144.83 | 14.46 | 9.33 | 9.13 | 1.32 |
| M-PS128 | 3 | 179.67 | 12.46 | 35.63 | -5.96 | 1.21 |
表13
小叶杨全同胞家系生长性状一般配合力分析
父本 Male parent | 子代数量 Offspring number | 苗高一般配合力 GCA of seedling height/cm | 地茎一般配合力 GCA of ground diameter/mm | 父本 Male parent | 子代数量 Offspring number | 苗高一般配合力 GCA of seedling height/cm | 地茎一般配合力 GCA of ground diameter/mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M-PS243 | 3 | 48.49 | 5.94 | M-PS215 | 4 | 0.99 | -0.71 |
| M-PS259 | 4 | 46.49 | 4.70 | M-PS55 | 5 | -0.01 | -1.85 |
| M-PS134 | 14 | 20.56 | 0.66 | M-PS128 | 3 | -5.84 | -4.70 |
| M-PS279 | 4 | 15.99 | 1.19 | M-PS207 | 4 | -17.51 | -0.01 |
| M-PS230 | 3 | 6.16 | -1.62 | M-PS86 | 6 | -40.68 | -2.70 |
| M-PS189 | 18 | 3.88 | -1.43 | M-PS59 | 4 | -78.53 | 0.55 |
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