植物研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 145-157.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.01.013
张曦文1, 陈廷廷1, 王福德2, 郭琪2, 杨伟财3, 卫星1, 谷加存1(
)
收稿日期:2025-11-04
出版日期:2026-01-20
发布日期:2026-01-20
通讯作者:
谷加存
E-mail:gjcnefu@163.com
作者简介:张曦文(2001—),男,博士研究生,主要从事树木生理生态学研究。
基金资助:
Xiwen ZHANG1, Tingting CHEN1, Fude WANG2, Qi GUO2, Weicai YANG3, Xing WEI1, Jiacun GU1(
)
Received:2025-11-04
Online:2026-01-20
Published:2026-01-20
Contact:
Jiacun GU
E-mail:gjcnefu@163.com
摘要:
为揭示长白落叶松(Larix olgensis)无性系在水分利用特征上的遗传变异规律,并筛选出耐旱性优良的无性系,该研究以25个37年生长白落叶松优良无性系为对象,测定9项与耐旱相关的枝、叶性状并分析其相关性,采用隶属函数法和聚类分析法对无性系耐旱性进行综合评价。结果表明:长白落叶松针叶性状在无性系之间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),其中解剖和形态性状变异系数较小(11.06%~11.83%),而生理性状变异系数较大(22.15%~39.24%);枝条性状在无性系之间均无显著差异,其中水力直径变异系数最小(6.15%),细胞壁加固指数变异系数最大(25.26%)。枝、叶性状在各自器官内均呈较强的相关性:叶片表皮厚度与皮层厚度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),且二者与水分利用效率均呈显著负相关(P<0.01;P<0.05);气孔蒸腾指数与残余蒸腾指数呈显著负相关(P<0.01),与比叶面积呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。枝性状水力直径、理论导水率与细胞壁加固指数呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。然而,器官间仅针叶气孔蒸腾指数与枝条细胞壁加固指数呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。主成分分析显示,9个枝、叶性状组成2个相对独立的性状轴,枝性状构成的轴1反映水力效率与安全的权衡;叶性状构成的轴2反映水分策略从保守型到高效型的权衡。基于综合耐旱性评价结果,可将25个长白落叶松无性系分为综合强耐旱型、中等耐旱型和不耐旱型3类,其中无性系338、774、128、125、214和565表现出较强的耐旱性。研究结果为不同类型干旱地区筛选适宜的优良耐旱无性系造林材料提供理论依据和实践参考。
中图分类号:
张曦文, 陈廷廷, 王福德, 郭琪, 杨伟财, 卫星, 谷加存. 长白落叶松无性系枝、叶性状分析与耐旱性评价[J]. 植物研究, 2026, 46(1): 145-157.
Xiwen ZHANG, Tingting CHEN, Fude WANG, Qi GUO, Weicai YANG, Xing WEI, Jiacun GU. Analysis of Twig and Needle Traits and Evaluation of Drought Tolerance in Larix olgensis Clones[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(1): 145-157.
表1
长白落叶松无性系枝、叶性状
器官 Organs | 性状 Traits | 缩写 Abbreviation | 与耐旱性的理论相关性 Theoretical correlation with drought tolerance | 定义 Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
针叶 Needle | 表皮厚度 Epidermis thickness/μm | TE | + | 叶表皮细胞厚度[ Thickness of needle epidermal cell |
皮层厚度 Cortical thickness/μm | TC | + | 叶皮层细胞厚度[ Thickness of needle cortical cell | |
比叶面积 Specific leaf area/(cm2·g-1) | ASL | - | 单位叶质量可用于水分流失的叶表面积[ Amount of needle surface area per unit of needle mass that is available for water loss | |
水分利用效率 Water-use efficiency/(μmol·mol-1) | EWU | + | 固定的光合产物与水分损失的比率[ Ratio of carbon acquisition to water loss | |
气孔蒸腾指数 Stomatal transpiration/(%·h-1) | TS | - | 气孔完全闭合前的水分流失 [ Loss of water through needle cuticle before stomata are fully closed | |
残余蒸腾指数 Residual transpiration/(%·h-1) | TR | - | 气孔完全闭合后的水分流失[ Loss of water through needle cuticle while stomata are closed | |
枝 Twig | 水力直径 Hydraulic diameter/μm | Dh | - | 所有管胞的加权水力直径 [ Hydraulically weighted tracheid diameter |
理论导水率 Potential specific hydraulic conductivity/(kg·m-1·MPa-1·s-1) | Ks | - | 单位压力梯度下的水通量[ Water flux of plants under a unit pressure gradient | |
细胞壁加固指数 Thickness to span ratio | (t/b)2 | + | 管胞双壁厚度与跨度比值的平方[ Square of the ratio of double wall thickness to lumen diameter |
表2
长白落叶松无性系枝、叶性状的描述统计与方差分析
统计指标 Statistical index | 表皮厚度 TE/μm | 皮层厚度 TC/μm | 比叶面积 ASL/(cm2·g-1) | 水分利用效率 EWU/(μmol·mol-1) | 气孔蒸腾指数 TS/(%·h-1) | 残余蒸腾指数 TR/(%·h-1) | 水力直径 Dh/μm | 理论导水率Ks/ (kg·m-1·MPa-1·s-1) | 细胞壁加固 指数(t/b)2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值(±标准误) Mean±SE | 27.75±0.61 | 30.43±0.70 | 145.34±3.44 | 56.08±2.48 | 1.51±0.08 | 0.25±0.02 | 8.98±0.11 | 1.25±0.05 | 0.16±0.01 |
变异系数 CV/% | 11.06 | 11.53 | 11.83 | 22.15 | 24.94 | 39.24 | 6.15 | 18.63 | 25.26 |
最大值 Maximum | 32.57 | 38.26 | 173.54 | 76.17 | 2.04 | 0.46 | 10.02 | 1.69 | 0.26 |
最大值对应无性系 The clone with the maximum | 105 | 246 | 809 | 170 | 556 | 565 | 449 | 447 | 338 |
最小值 Minimum | 17.18 | 24.16 | 93.75 | 37.42 | 0.62 | 0.09 | 8.01 | 0.89 | 0.10 |
最小值对应无性系 The clone with the minimum | 181 | 181 | 447 | 105 | 565 | 410 | 774 | 774 | 129 |
| F | 2.82 | 3.42 | 3.90 | 8.67 | 4.40 | 4.26 | 1.08 | 1.29 | 1.30 |
| P | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.398 | 0.230 | 0.218 |
表3
长白落叶松无性系枝、叶性状的隶属函数值及耐旱性评价
无性系 Clones | 隶属函数值 Membership function values | 平均隶属函数值 Mean membership function values | 排序 No. | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
表皮厚度 TE | 皮层厚度 TC | 比叶面积 ASL | 水分利用效率 EWU | 气孔蒸腾指数 TS | 残余蒸腾指数 TR | 水力直径 Dh | 理论导水率 Ks | 细胞壁加固指数 (t/b)2 | |||
| 338 | 0.63 | 0.13 | 0.53 | 0.97 | 0.85 | 0.13 | 0.71 | 0.88 | 1.00 | 0.65 | 1 |
| 774 | 0.75 | 0.48 | 0.53 | 0.28 | 0.18 | 0.81 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.62 | 0.63 | 2 |
| 128 | 0.61 | 0.43 | 0.22 | 0.97 | 0.39 | 0.57 | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.80 | 0.60 | 3 |
| 125 | 0.62 | 0.57 | 0.18 | 0.85 | 0.10 | 0.78 | 0.72 | 0.86 | 0.54 | 0.58 | 4 |
| 214 | 0.81 | 0.33 | 0.49 | 0.29 | 0.48 | 0.51 | 0.73 | 0.79 | 0.64 | 0.56 | 5 |
| 721 | 0.71 | 0.56 | 0.39 | 0.33 | 0.70 | 0.30 | 0.65 | 0.83 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 6 |
| 565 | 0.93 | 0.89 | 0.37 | 0.03 | 1.00 | 0 | 0.72 | 0.79 | 0.28 | 0.56 | 7 |
| 476 | 0.71 | 0.61 | 0.60 | 0.85 | 0.72 | 0.14 | 0.52 | 0.58 | 0.23 | 0.55 | 8 |
| 282 | 0.61 | 0.64 | 0.42 | 0.73 | 0.61 | 0.33 | 0.50 | 0.61 | 0.40 | 0.54 | 9 |
| 597 | 0.78 | 0.57 | 0.23 | 0.33 | 0.29 | 0.68 | 0.61 | 0.66 | 0.36 | 0.50 | 10 |
| 105 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 0.78 | 0 | 0.55 | 0.40 | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.24 | 0.50 | 11 |
| 643 | 0.44 | 0.29 | 0.16 | 0.27 | 0.42 | 0.49 | 0.73 | 0.84 | 0.66 | 0.48 | 12 |
| 66 | 0.69 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.42 | 0.50 | 0.59 | 0.75 | 0.58 | 0.47 | 13 |
| 181 | 0 | 0 | 0.29 | 0.92 | 0.25 | 0.73 | 0.98 | 0.75 | 0.34 | 0.47 | 14 |
| 246 | 0.83 | 1.00 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.68 | 0.33 | 0.50 | 0.20 | 0.47 | 15 |
| 477 | 0.86 | 0.65 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.44 | 0.41 | 0.44 | 0.45 | 0.30 | 0.47 | 16 |
| 170 | 0.68 | 0.28 | 0.14 | 1.00 | 0.17 | 0.77 | 0.36 | 0.32 | 0.19 | 0.44 | 17 |
| 809 | 0.77 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.77 | 0.74 | 0.77 | 0.32 | 0.43 | 18 |
| 184 | 0.58 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.72 | 0.48 | 0.45 | 0.55 | 0.51 | 0.29 | 0.42 | 19 |
| 447 | 0.71 | 0.42 | 1.00 | 0.55 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.42 | 20 |
| 519 | 0.73 | 0.55 | 0.37 | 0.63 | 0.17 | 0.79 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.07 | 0.41 | 21 |
| 410 | 0.80 | 0.23 | 0.29 | 0.44 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.38 | 0.35 | 0.18 | 0.41 | 22 |
| 556 | 0.81 | 0.64 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0 | 0.89 | 0.10 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.35 | 23 |
| 129 | 0.77 | 0.22 | 0.32 | 0.64 | 0.17 | 0.70 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.33 | 24 |
| 449 | 0.35 | 0.56 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.01 | 0.88 | 0 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.26 | 25 |
表4
长白落叶松中等耐旱型各亚类无性系枝、叶性状特征及排序
亚类 Subgroups | 无性系 Clones | 表皮厚度 TE/μm | 皮层厚度 TC/μm | 比叶面积 ASL/(cm2·g-1) | 水分利用效率 EWU/(μmol·mol-1) | 气孔蒸腾指数 TS/(%·h-1) | 残余蒸腾指数 TR/(%·h-1) | 水力直径 Dh/μm | 理论导水率 Ks/ (kg·m-1·MPa-1·s-1) | 细胞壁 加固指数 (t/b)2 | 排序 No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 774 | 28.78 | 30.92 | 130.96 | 48.42 | 1.78 | 0.16 | 8.01 | 0.89 | 0.20 | 2 |
| 214 | 29.68 | 28.81 | 134.22 | 48.75 | 1.36 | 0.27 | 8.55 | 1.06 | 0.20 | 5 | |
| 721 | 28.14 | 32.03 | 142.39 | 50.12 | 1.04 | 0.35 | 8.72 | 1.03 | 0.19 | 6 | |
| 597 | 29.17 | 32.25 | 154.89 | 50.31 | 1.62 | 0.21 | 8.79 | 1.16 | 0.16 | 10 | |
| 105 | 32.57 | 32.59 | 111.56 | 37.42 | 1.25 | 0.31 | 9.02 | 1.33 | 0.14 | 11 | |
| 643 | 23.98 | 28.24 | 160.62 | 47.76 | 1.45 | 0.28 | 8.55 | 1.02 | 0.21 | 12 | |
| 66 | 27.86 | 28.07 | 152.59 | 45.20 | 1.45 | 0.28 | 8.83 | 1.09 | 0.19 | 13 | |
| 246 | 29.94 | 38.26 | 153.02 | 43.90 | 1.70 | 0.21 | 9.35 | 1.29 | 0.13 | 15 | |
| 477 | 30.41 | 33.35 | 148.73 | 50.22 | 1.41 | 0.31 | 9.13 | 1.33 | 0.15 | 16 | |
| 809 | 28.96 | 24.82 | 173.54 | 48.00 | 1.77 | 0.17 | 8.54 | 1.08 | 0.15 | 18 | |
| B | 128 | 26.52 | 30.28 | 155.83 | 74.92 | 1.48 | 0.25 | 8.61 | 1.12 | 0.23 | 3 |
| 125 | 26.70 | 32.19 | 159.11 | 70.50 | 1.89 | 0.17 | 8.58 | 1.00 | 0.19 | 4 | |
| 476 | 28.14 | 32.75 | 125.89 | 70.17 | 1.01 | 0.41 | 8.97 | 1.23 | 0.14 | 8 | |
| 282 | 26.50 | 33.15 | 140.39 | 65.85 | 1.17 | 0.34 | 9.01 | 1.20 | 0.17 | 9 | |
| 170 | 27.68 | 28.08 | 161.98 | 76.17 | 1.80 | 0.17 | 9.29 | 1.44 | 0.13 | 17 | |
| 184 | 26.14 | 25.90 | 166.43 | 65.32 | 1.35 | 0.30 | 8.92 | 1.28 | 0.15 | 19 | |
| C | 565 | 31.46 | 36.65 | 144.09 | 38.72 | 0.62 | 0.46 | 8.57 | 1.06 | 0.15 | 7 |
| 181 | 17.18 | 24.16 | 150.60 | 72.89 | 1.69 | 0.19 | 8.05 | 1.09 | 0.16 | 14 |
表5
长白落叶松无性系枝、叶性状主成分荷载矩阵
性状 Traits | 主成分Ⅰ Principal component Ⅰ | 主成分Ⅱ Principal component Ⅱ |
|---|---|---|
| 表皮厚度TE | 0.07 | 0.45 |
| 皮层厚度TC | 0.10 | 0.45 |
| 比叶面积ASL | -0.01 | -0.40 |
| 水分利用效率EWU | -0.12 | -0.31 |
| 气孔蒸腾指数TS | 0.38 | -0.38 |
| 残余蒸腾指数TR | -0.35 | 0.39 |
| 水力直径Dh | 0.48 | 0.16 |
| 理论导水率Ks | 0.50 | 0.08 |
| 细胞壁加固指数(t/b)2 | -0.48 | -0.10 |
| 特征值Eigenvalue | 3.33 | 2.46 |
贡献率 Contribution rate/% | 37.28 | 27.36 |
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/% | 37.28 | 64.64 |
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