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植物研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 145-157.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.01.013

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

长白落叶松无性系枝、叶性状分析与耐旱性评价

张曦文1, 陈廷廷1, 王福德2, 郭琪2, 杨伟财3, 卫星1, 谷加存1()   

  1. 1.东北林业大学林学院,森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨 150040
    2.黑龙江省林业科学研究所,哈尔滨 150081
    3.林口县青山国家落叶松良种基地,牡丹江 157623
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-04 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-01-20
  • 通讯作者: 谷加存 E-mail:gjcnefu@163.com
  • 作者简介:张曦文(2001—),男,博士研究生,主要从事树木生理生态学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    农业生物育种国家科技重大专项(2023ZD0405804)

Analysis of Twig and Needle Traits and Evaluation of Drought Tolerance in Larix olgensis Clones

Xiwen ZHANG1, Tingting CHEN1, Fude WANG2, Qi GUO2, Weicai YANG3, Xing WEI1, Jiacun GU1()   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education,College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040
    2.Forestry Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150081
    3.Qingshan National Larch Seed Base,Linkou County,Mudanjiang 157623
  • Received:2025-11-04 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-01-20
  • Contact: Jiacun GU E-mail:gjcnefu@163.com

摘要:

为揭示长白落叶松(Larix olgensis)无性系在水分利用特征上的遗传变异规律,并筛选出耐旱性优良的无性系,该研究以25个37年生长白落叶松优良无性系为对象,测定9项与耐旱相关的枝、叶性状并分析其相关性,采用隶属函数法和聚类分析法对无性系耐旱性进行综合评价。结果表明:长白落叶松针叶性状在无性系之间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),其中解剖和形态性状变异系数较小(11.06%~11.83%),而生理性状变异系数较大(22.15%~39.24%);枝条性状在无性系之间均无显著差异,其中水力直径变异系数最小(6.15%),细胞壁加固指数变异系数最大(25.26%)。枝、叶性状在各自器官内均呈较强的相关性:叶片表皮厚度与皮层厚度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),且二者与水分利用效率均呈显著负相关(P<0.01;P<0.05);气孔蒸腾指数与残余蒸腾指数呈显著负相关(P<0.01),与比叶面积呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。枝性状水力直径、理论导水率与细胞壁加固指数呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。然而,器官间仅针叶气孔蒸腾指数与枝条细胞壁加固指数呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。主成分分析显示,9个枝、叶性状组成2个相对独立的性状轴,枝性状构成的轴1反映水力效率与安全的权衡;叶性状构成的轴2反映水分策略从保守型到高效型的权衡。基于综合耐旱性评价结果,可将25个长白落叶松无性系分为综合强耐旱型、中等耐旱型和不耐旱型3类,其中无性系338、774、128、125、214和565表现出较强的耐旱性。研究结果为不同类型干旱地区筛选适宜的优良耐旱无性系造林材料提供理论依据和实践参考。

关键词: 长白落叶松, 无性系, 水力性状, 水分利用效率, 隶属函数, 耐旱性

Abstract:

To reveal the genetic variation in water-use characteristics of Larix olgensis clones and select superior clones with characteristics of drought-tolerance, 25 superior clones of the 37-year-old L. olgensis were used as the research materials. Nine drought tolerance-related twig and needle traits were measured, and their correlations were analyzed. A comprehensive evaluation of the drought tolerance was conducted using the membership function method and cluster analysis. The results indicated that significant differences(P<0.01) occurred in needle traits among clones. Anatomical and morphological traits exhibited lower coefficients of variation(CV) (11.06%-11.83%), whereas physiological traits exhibited higher CV(22.15%-39.24%). In contrast, no significant differences were observed in twig traits among clones. Hydraulic diameter exhibited the smallest CV(6.15%), while the thickness to span ratio exhibited the largest CV(25.26%). Strong correlation among traits was found within organ level. In needles, epidermal thickness was significantly positively correlated with cortical thickness(P<0.05), and both were significantly negatively correlated with water-use efficiency(P<0.01; P<0.05). Stomatal transpiration was significantly negatively correlated with residual transpiration(P<0.01) and significantly positively correlated with specific leaf area(P<0.05). In twigs, hydraulic diameter and potential specific hydraulic conductivity were both significantly negatively correlated with thickness to span ratio(P<0.01). However, there was only a significant negative correlation between needle stomatal transpiration and twig thickness to span ratio across organs(P<0.05). Principal component analysis of the nine twig and needle traits revealed two relatively independent axes. The first axis reflected a trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and hydraulic safety in twig; the second axis, composed of leaf traits, reflected a trade-off from conservative to efficient water-use strategies. Based on the drought-tolerance evaluation, 25 clones were classified into three categories: comprehensive and strong drought-tolerant, moderate drought-tolerant, and drought-sensitive groups. Clones 338, 774, 128, 125, 214, and 565 demonstrated strong drought tolerance. These findings provided a theoretical basis and practical guidance for selecting suitable afforestation materials adapted to different arid regions.

Key words: Larix olgensis, clone, hydraulic trait, water use efficiency, membership function method, drought tolerance

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