不同水曲柳无性系种子休眠差异

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.05.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以18个水曲柳无性系种子为研究材料，经过不同层积处理后，在适宜温度下比较无性系种子萌发表现，同时分析其萌发表现与种子胚生长变化之间的关系。结果表明：经不同层积处理后，不同水曲柳无性系种子休眠程度存在差异。1、2和6号无性系种子休眠程度较浅，经较短时间（共18周）变温层积处理可解除休眠，其中2、6号种子发芽率达75%以上；13、14、15、16号无性系种子通过延长2周低温层积时间（共20周）可解除休眠；4、8、11和12号无性系种子通过延长2周暖温层积时间（共20周）可解除休眠；5和18号无性系种子休眠程度较深，需同时延长暖温和低温层积时间（共22周）才能解除休眠；3、7、9、10、17号无性系种子延长2周层积时间（共20周）可解除种子休眠，其中延长暖温或低温层积时间对种子休眠的影响差异不显著。在层积处理过程，不同无性系种子胚长、胚率、胚质量比的变化规律不同，6、7、11号等无性系种子相对延长2周低温层积时间有利于胚生长，2、5、17号等无性系种子相对延长2周暖温层积时间有利于胚生长，但通过层积过程中种子胚生长变化情况并不能准确判断不同无性系种子休眠程度上的差异，应通过种子的萌发表现来判断不同无性系种子休眠差异。研究结果可为生产实践中选择种子休眠较浅的无性系母树采种育苗提供参考依据。

关键词: 水曲柳, 种子, 无性系, 解除休眠, 胚生长

Abstract:

Seeds of 18 F. mandshurica clones were used as materials， the germination performances of clones at suitable temperatures after different stratification treatments were compared， and the relationships between germination performances and seed embryo growth changes were analyzed. The results showed that the germination performances of seeds were different among F. mandshurica clones after different stratification treatments. Seed dormancy of clones 1， 2 and 6 was shallow and could be broken after variable temperature stratification treatments for a short time（a total 18 weeks）， which the germination rate of clones 2 and 6 reached more than 75%. Seed dormancy of clones 13， 14， 15 and 16 were broken by 20-week stratification treatment （cold temperature extended for two weeks）， and clones 4， 8， 11 and 12 by 20-week stratification treatment （warm temperature extended for two weeks）. Seeds dormancy of clones 5 and 18 was deep-degree， it could be broken by extending the stratification（warm and cold temperature） time to 22 weeks. Seed dormancy of clones 3， 7， 9， 10 and 17 could be broken by stratification treatment for 20 weeks， without significant difference in the dormancy between seeds treated by extending warm and cold stratification time. The changes of embryo length， embryo rate and embryo mass ratio in the process of stratification were different in different clones， and relative extension time（two weeks） of cold temperature stratification in clones 6， 7 and 11 was conducive to embryo growth， and extension time（two weeks） of warm temperature stratification in clones 2， 5 and 17 was conducive to embryo growth. Differences in seed dormancy of different clones could not be accurately judged by changes in seed embryo growth during the stratification process， which should be judged mainly by the germination performances. The results could provide a reference for the selection of mother clones with shallow seed dormancy in production practice.

Key words: Fraxinus mandshurica, seeds, clones, breaking dormancy, embryo growth

中图分类号:

Q945.6

刘婷, 李明月, 朱美如, 辛昊, 董博文, 张鹏. 不同水曲柳无性系种子休眠差异[J]. 植物研究, 2024, 44(5): 711-720.

Ting LIU, Mingyue LI, Meiru ZHU, Hao XIN, Bowen DONG, Peng ZHANG. Differences in Seed Dormancy Among Different Clones of Fraxinus mandshurica[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(5): 711-720.

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处理 Treatment	暖温层积时长 Warm temperature stratification time/week	低温层积时长 Cold temperature Stratification time/week	总时长 Total duration/week	描述 Description
S1	10	8	18	较短时间层积处理 Short-time stratification treatment
S2	10	10	20	相对延长低温时间的中等时间层积处理 Medium-time stratification treatment with extension at time of cold temperature treatment
S3	12	8	20	相对延长暖温时间的中等时间层积处理 Medium-time stratification treatment with extension at time of warm temperature treatment
S4	12	10	22	较长时间层积处理 Long-time stratification treatment

无性系 Clones	发芽率 Germination rate/%
无性系 Clones	S1	S2	S3	S4
1	56.25±6.33Abcd	61.25±9.44Adef	42.50±5.95Ag	59.50±3.71Agh
2	76.00±4.32Aa	70.00±3.54Abcde	77.50±4.78Aab	80.00±4.56Aabcd
3	60.00±3.65Babc	68.75±4.27Acde	67.50±4.79Aabcdef	77.75±1.11Abcde
4	19.75±8.70Bfg	32.50±2.50Bg	56.25±7.11Acdefg	68.50±1.26Adefgh
5	39.25±11.00Bdef	43.75±3.15Bfg	63.75±2.40Bbcdef	73.75±2.43Abcdef
6	75.00±3.79Aab	78.50±1.71Aabcd	71.50±1.76Aabcd	73.75±2.75Abcdef
7	13.75±4.16Bg	45.25±7.36Afg	53.75±9.66Adefg	57.50±4.79Ah
8	38.75±8.54Cdef	55.00±6.12BCef	73.75±6.56ABabc	81.25±2.78Aabc
9	36.00±5.16Bef	56.25±2.39Aef	51.25±4.27Aefg	63.75±3.75Afgh
10	33.00±6.61Bfg	55.00±9.35Aef	52.50±5.20ABefg	66.00±2.61Aefgh
11	31.25±2.52Cfg	46.25±4.73Bfg	68.75±4.27Aabcde	77.50±3.62Abcde
12	54.50±6.81Ccde	68.75±8.00BCcde	82.50±4.33ABa	90.50±3.97Aa
13	73.25±1.92Babc	91.25±3.15Aa	61.25±4.27Cbcdef	81.75±3.90ABab
14	66.00±6.63Babc	81.50±3.89Aabcd	42.50±3.23Cg	69.00±4.20ABcdefgh
15	38.25±3.46Cdef	73.75±3.15Aabcde	52.50±4.33Befg	71.25±4.33Abcdefg
16	37.00±3.42Cdef	87.50±2.50Aabc	61.25±5.15Bbcdef	79.00±4.95Aabcd
17	28.25±9.24Bfg	60.00±1.20Aef	56.25±7.18Acdefg	75.50±5.38Abcde
18	36.25±3.65Bef	57.50±10.90ABef	50.00±7.07ABfg	72.75±4.40Abcdef

无性系 Clones	发芽指数 Germination index
无性系 Clones	S1	S2	S3	S4
1	2.98±0.73Aabcd	3.38±0.60Aabcd	0.66±0.12Bf	0.74±0.09Bi
2	3.88±0.62Aab	2.96±0.37Abcde	1.64±0.27Bcde	3.20±0.25Aabc
3	2.25±0.23Bcdef	3.25±0.36Abcd	1.53±0.04Bcde	1.62±0.20Bfghi
4	0.62±0.36Ahi	1.18±0.31Ag	1.19±0.12Aef	1.03±0.13Ahi
5	1.39±0.46Afhi	1.15±0.23Ag	1.28±0.10Aef	1.83±0.28Aefgh
6	2.61±0.32Abcde	2.85±0.56Abcde	0.69±0.12Bf	1.33±0.24Bghi
7	0.32±0.08Chi	1.60±0.55Befg	2.11±0.36ABcd	2.99±0.38Aabcd
8	1.78±0.30Bdef	2.69±0.50ABcdef	3.30±0.51Aa	3.48±0.24Aab
9	1.42±0.27Bfhi	2.71±0.33Acdef	1.64±0.32Bcde	3.01±0.32Aabcd
10	1.16±0.25Bhi	2.10±0.32Adefg	1.10±0.13Bef	0.98±0.09Bhi
11	0.78±0.17Bhi	1.31±0.33ABfg	2.15±0.27Abcd	1.58±0.40ABghi
12	2.84±0.57ABabcde	1.50±0.26Cefg	2.18±0.10BCbc	3.76±0.27Aa
13	4.06±0.29Ba	5.52±0.40Aa	2.78±0.12Bab	2.66±0.46Bbcde
14	3.15±0.46Aabc	4.09±0.96Aabc	1.10±0.07Bef	2.44±0.47ABcdef
15	2.61±0.66Bbcde	4.26±0.44Aab	1.46±0.16Bde	2.13±0.28Bdefg
16	1.63±0.29Befhi	2.58±0.04Adefg	1.15±0.09Bef	1.61±0.28Bfghi
17	0.81±0.21Ahi	1.23±0.10Afg	1.13±0.25Aef	1.27±0.10Aghi
18	1.42±0.14BCfhi	2.30±0.60ABfg	1.23±0.12Cef	2.50±0.14Acdef

无性系 Clones	发芽时间 Germination time/d
无性系 Clones	S1	S2	S3	S4
1	7.22±0.61Cde	5.89±0.24Cf	14.26±0.87Aa	9.44±0.82Bbcd
2	8.77±0.20Bcde	11.62±1.18Aab	11.41±0.58Abcd	6.52±0.29Cfgh
3	10.46±1.10Abcde	7.01±0.11Bef	10.21±0.88Acdefg	7.72±0.43Bdefg
4	14.43±3.57Aab	9.73±0.71Abcd	12.21±0.42Abc	12.89±0.43Aa
5	13.24±1.72Aabc	11.18±0.99Aabc	11.22±0.59Abcde	9.47±0.79Abcd
6	10.71±0.58Babcde	9.14±0.58BCcde	14.18±0.63Aa	8.74±0.37Ccde
7	11.94±2.31Aabcd	8.25±0.91Ade	6.62±0.75Bi	5.57±0.57Bgh
8	7.08±0.79ABe	8.63±1.36Ade	6.68±0.26ABi	4.81±0.37Bh
9	8.80±1.21ABcde	8.92±0.52ABcde	9.10±0.85Afgh	5.81±0.44Bgh
10	9.61±0.60ABcde	8.25±0.63Bde	11.00±0.64Abcdef	9.36±1.22ABbcd
11	15.17±1.85Aa	12.58±0.93Aa	8.11±0.55Bghi	6.44±1.07Bfgh
12	7.41±0.88Bde	11.21±0.33Aabc	8.92±0.36Bfgh	5.31±0.51Ch
13	6.40±0.74Ae	4.47±0.23Bf	7.29±0.46Ahi	6.96±0.38Aefgh
14	7.40±0.22ABde	6.83±0.37Bef	8.53±0.54Aghi	5.18±0.68Ch
15	6.66±1.08Ae	7.07±0.77Aef	9.22±0.89Aefgh	8.06±0.57Adef
16	9.40±1.56Acde	9.68±0.48Abcd	11.71±0.27Abcd	10.21±0.81Abc
17	8.59±0.92Bcde	11.04±0.17ABabc	12.85±0.95Aab	11.03±0.74ABab
18	9.39±1.20Acde	9.50±0.63Abcd	9.74±0.69Adefg	6.53±0.61Bfgh

无性系 Clones	胚长 Embryo length/mm	胚率 Ratio of embryo length to kernel length/%	胚质量比 Ratio of embryo dry weight to kernel dry weight/%
1	0.36±0.15fg	0.97±0.35e	3.92±1.31bcdef
2	1.43±0.36defg	4.99±0.71bcde	5.74±0.45abcde
3	1.35±0.58defg	3.10±2.08cde	6.97±1.50abc
4	1.17±0.57defg	6.25±4.10bcde	3.50±0.68cdef
5	1.87±0.29de	6.50±3.74bcde	5.04±1.31bcdef
6	1.36±0.29defg	4.76±1.92bcde	2.95±3.25cdef
7	2.04±0.44d	5.71±5.45bcde	1.22±1.39f
8	1.68±0.07de	4.62±1.48bcde	7.62±0.62ab
9	2.51±0.54bc	11.02±1.46bcd	4.66±0.81bcdef
10	1.85±0.18de	5.63±2.47bcde	2.80±1.26def
11	0.18±0.45g	1.00±0.34e	3.23±0.33cdef
12	2.00±0.40d	8.13±3.80bcde	3.33±0.92cdef
13	3.77±0.30ab	16.10±0.27a	8.20±0.20a
14	4.01±0.27a	16.57±2.80a	1.83±0.41ef
15	2.40±0.15cd	9.44±0.45bcde	5.30±0.85bcdef
16	3.58±0.94abc	12.88±5.68ab	6.30±0.89abcd
17	0.45±0.62efg	2.81±1.60de	4.66±1.14bcdef
18	1.67±0.24de	12.47±1.99bc	5.69±0.85abcde