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植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 928-938.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.06.010

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

7种杜鹃花的性状评价与杂交亲和性

李杰1, 张敬丽1, 孙体梅1, 白天1, 吕英民2, 李奋勇3, 吴雅文1()   

  1. 1.云南农业大学园林园艺学院,昆明 650500
    2.北京林业大学园林学院,北京 100091
    3.大理苍山植物园生物科技有限公司,大理 671003
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-31 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-27
  • 通讯作者: 吴雅文 E-mail:yawenwu@ynau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李杰(1999—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事观赏植物资源利用与创新研究。
  • 基金资助:
    云南省科技厅科技计划项目基础研究专项(202201AU070185);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32460417);云南省农业联合专项(202301BD070001-139);云南省科技厅云南省吕英民专家工作站(202305AF150155);云南省科技厅云南省张启翔专家工作站(202405AF140078);乡村振兴科技专项-科技特派团(队)(202404BI090014)

Trait Evaluation and Hybrid Compatibility of Seven Rhododendron Species

Jie LI1, Jingli ZHANG1, Timei SUN1, Tian BAI1, Yingmin LÜ2, Fenyong LI3, Yawen WU1()   

  1. 1.College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650500
    2.School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100091
    3.Dali Cangshan Botanical Garden Biotechnology Co. ,Ltd. ,Dali 671003
  • Received:2024-12-31 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-27
  • Contact: Yawen WU E-mail:yawenwu@ynau.edu.cn

摘要:

为建立杜鹃花(Rhododendron)优质品种筛选体系,该研究以云南农业大学杜鹃种质资源库的7种杜鹃花为试验材料,运用层次分析法进行观赏性评价,结合干旱胁迫及生理指标测定,开展抗旱性评价,最后以优质种进行杂交育种和可育性试验,探究杂交亲和性。结果表明:锦绣杜鹃(R. × pulchrum)以株形紧凑、花叶丰满度高和园林应用潜力评分最高排在首位;映山红(R. simsii)的花观赏性评分最高,但花序数量少,叶片小且冬季落叶,排名第2;马缨杜鹃(R. delavayi)的整体观赏性评分最高,但园林应用潜力评分较低,排名第3。抗旱性排名为锦绣杜鹃>映山红>兴安杜鹃(R. dauricum)>红马银花(R. vialii)>马缨杜鹃>羊踯躅(R. molle)>大白杜鹃(R. decorum)。7个杂交组中的最优组为马缨杜鹃×映山红,坐果率为27.3%,种子萌发率为100.0%,而锦绣杜鹃无论是作为父本,还是作为母本,其杂交组合都没有获得杂交后代。总之,锦绣杜鹃观赏价值、抗旱性最佳,而映山红、马缨杜鹃观赏价值、抗旱性次之,且杂交亲和。

关键词: 杜鹃, 观赏性评价, 层次分析法, 干旱胁迫, 生理指标, 杂交亲和性

Abstract:

To establish a high quality variety screening system for Rhododendron, seven Rhododendron species from the azalea germplasm bank of Yunnan Agricultural University were taken as materials, and their ornamental values were evaluated by Analytic Hierarchy Process, and the drought resistance was evaluated through the determination of physiological indexes under drought stress, and cross-compatibility of high-quality species was evaluated by the cross-breeding and fertility tests. The results showed that R. × pulchrum ranked first for its compact plant shape, high flower and leaf fullness, and garden application potential. R. simsii had the highest ornamental score for its flowers, but a small number of flowers in each inflorescence, small leaves, and defoliation in winter, ranking the second. R. delavayi had the highest overall ornamental score, but relatively low potential for garden application, ranking the third. The drought resistance was ranked as R. × pulchrum > R. simsii > R. dauricum > R. vialii > R. delavayi > R. molle > R. decorum. The optimal group among seven hybrid groups was R. delavayi × R. simsii, because the fruit setting rate was 27.3%, and seed germination rate was 100.0%. However, no hybrid offspring was obtained from the hybrid combination of R. × pulchrum either as the male or female parent. In conclusion, the ornamental value and drought resistance of R. × pulchrum was the best, and the ornamental value and drought resistance of R. simsii and R. delavayi were the second, and the hybrids were compatible.

Key words: Rhododendron, ornamental evaluation, analytic hierarchy process, drought stress, physiological index, cross compatibility

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