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植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 919-927.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.06.009

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

枣自交及异交花粉与柱头互作特性

陈蕊红1(), 李坤2, 张紫楠2, 张思源2, 何晓华3, 刘汝懿1, 曹文静1, 张静1   

  1. 1.西北农林科技大学园艺学院,园艺科学研究中心,杨凌 712100
    2.西北农林科技大学林学院,国家林业和草原局国家林业枣工程技术研究中心,杨凌 712100
    3.西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-03 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-27
  • 通讯作者: 陈蕊红 E-mail:chenruihong@nwafu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈蕊红(1975—),女,博士,副教授,主要从事枣树遗传育种研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(31860223);西北农林科技大学实验技术研究与实验室管理创新面上项目(SY20250204);西北农林科技大学实验技术研究与实验室管理创新揭榜挂帅项目(SY20250101)

Characteristics of Pollen-Stigma Interaction in Self-Pollination and Cross-Pollination of Ziziphus jujuba

Ruihong CHEN1(), Kun LI2, Zinan ZHANG2, Siyuan ZHANG2, Xiaohua HE3, Ruyi LIU1, Wenjing CAO1, Jing ZHANG1   

  1. 1.Horticultural Science Research Center,College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100
    2.Jujube Engineer Technique Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100
    3.College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100
  • Received:2025-06-03 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-27
  • Contact: Ruihong CHEN E-mail:chenruihong@nwafu.edu.cn

摘要:

为了探究枣(Ziziphus jujuba)自交不亲和花粉与柱头相互作用的特征,该研究比较了不同样品干燥方法对‘骏枣’(‘Junzao’)花柱样品的影响,并对扫描电镜的加速电压及工作距离等参数进行系统优化。结果表明:采用CO?临界点干燥法进行骏枣花柱制备,在扫描电镜工作距离为5.4~10.8 mm、加速电压为3.0 kV的扫描电镜优化条件下,可获得高清晰度、高分辨率的枣柱头乳突细胞微观图像。基于优化后的扫描电镜技术体系,该研究对‘骏枣’花柱微观结构、‘骏枣’自交(‘骏枣’ב骏枣’)和异交(‘骏枣’ב清涧酸枣’(‘Qingjian Suanzao’))后的花粉与柱头相互作用进行观察。结果表明,‘骏枣’花柱为“二叉”型,柱头表面由乳突细胞群组成,单个乳突细胞直径为10~18 μm。‘骏枣’自交后花粉在柱头的黏附、水合、萌发和生长过程与异交后花粉在柱头生长特性无明显异常。进一步应用荧光显微镜观察发现,‘骏枣’自交后花粉管生长至花柱通道1/2处停滞并表现出膨大和卷曲等现象,而异交后花粉管则生长至花柱底部,表明枣具有典型的配子体自交不亲和特性。该研究阐明了枣自交不亲和花粉与柱头识别及花粉管生长的动态特征,对枣生殖生物学研究及指导杂交育种实践具有重要的科学价值和应用意义。

关键词: 枣, 花粉, 柱头, 乳突细胞, 自交不亲和

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of self-incompatible behavior between pollen and stigma during self-pollination of jujube(Ziziphus jujuba). The effects of different sample drying methods on jujube ‘Junzao’ flower stigma samples were compared by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and the technical parameters of SEM acceleration voltage and sample working distance were systematically optimized respectively. The results showed that high-clarity and high-resolution microscopic images of jujube flower stigma papillae cells were obtained by using CO? critical point drying and optimized parameters of SEM working distance with 5.4-10.8 mm and acceleration voltage of 3.0 kV. Based on the optimized SEM system,the microstructure of jujube ‘Junzao’ stigmas and pollen-stigma interactions after self-pollination(‘Junzao’בJunzao’)and cross-pollination(‘Junzao’בQingjian Suanzao’)were observed respectively. The results indicated that the pistil of jujube was a “bifurcate” type of pistil,the stigma surface was composed of clusters of papillae cells,the diameter of individual papillae cell was 10-18 μm. There were no significant differences in the adhesion,hydration,germination and growth of pollen on the stigma between self-pollination and cross-pollination. Further observations using fluorescence microscopy revealed that self-pollinated pollen tubes grew to 1/2 style channels and showed swelling and curling,while the cross-pollinated pollen tubes grew to the bottom of the style, indicating that jujube had a typical gametophytic self-incompatibility. This study systematically elucidated the dynamic characteristics of pollen-stigma recognition and pollen tube growth in self-incompatible jujube, which had important scientific value and application significance for understanding the reproductive characteristics of jujube and the guidance for practical hybrid breeding.

Key words: Ziziphus jujuba, pollen, stigma, papilla cell, self- incompatibility

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