植物研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 700-711.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2021.05.008
唐玉情1, 孙飞2, 刘海龙2, 高赛1, 李红娜1, 张捷1()
收稿日期:
2021-03-18
出版日期:
2021-09-20
发布日期:
2021-07-05
通讯作者:
张捷
E-mail:zhangjie2067@nefu.edu.cn;zhangjie2067@163.com
作者简介:
唐玉情(1996—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事园林植物研究与应用。
基金资助:
Yu-Qing TANG1, Fei SUN2, Hai-Long LIU2, Sai GAO1, Hong-Na LI1, Jie ZHANG1()
Received:
2021-03-18
Online:
2021-09-20
Published:
2021-07-05
Contact:
Jie ZHANG
E-mail:zhangjie2067@nefu.edu.cn;zhangjie2067@163.com
About author:
TANG Yu-Qing(1996—),female,postgraduate,mainly engaged in landscape plant research and application.
Supported by:
摘要:
以黑龙江多宝山铜业矿山排土场边坡植被恢复和景观重建的植被筛选为目的,在对矿区本底植物调查、黑龙江省栽培植物调查的基础上,运用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)构建生态适应性、生态防护性、绿化效果、经济性4个方面10个具体指标的筛选评价体系,对74种植物进行权重排序,最终筛选出适用于多宝山铜业矿山排土场植被修复的乔木、灌木、草本共计20种,为矿山排土场生态环境的改善和景观重建提供了植物选择,也为我国寒区其他矿山排土场生态修复植物的选择提供一些实践借鉴。
中图分类号:
唐玉情, 孙飞, 刘海龙, 高赛, 李红娜, 张捷. 基于AHP法黑龙江多宝山铜业矿山排土场植物筛选[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(5): 700-711.
Yu-Qing TANG, Fei SUN, Hai-Long LIU, Sai GAO, Hong-Na LI, Jie ZHANG. Plant Screening in Dumping Site of Duobaoshan Copper Mine in Heilongjiang Based on AHP Method[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2021, 41(5): 700-711.
表1
待筛选植物名录表
序号 Number | 名称 Name | 科名 Family name | 属名 Generic name |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 毛百合Lilium dauricum | 百合科Liliaceae | 百合属Lilium |
2 | 沙地柏Sabina vulgaris | 柏科Cupressaceae | 圆柏属Sabina |
3 | 爬地柏Sabina procumbens | 柏科Cupressaceae | 圆柏属Sabina |
4 | 东北茶藨子Ribes mandshuricum | 茶藨子科Grossulariaceae | 茶藨子属Ribes |
5 | 藿香Agastache rugosa | 唇形科Lamiaceae | 藿香属Agastache |
6 | 紫穗槐Amorpha fruticosa | 豆科Leguminosae | 紫穗槐属Amorpha |
7 | 胡枝子Lespedeza bicolor | 豆科Leguminosae | 胡枝子属Lespedeza |
8 | 小叶锦鸡儿Caragana microphylla | 豆科Leguminosae | 锦鸡儿属Caragana |
9 | 山槐Maachkia amurensis | 豆科Leguminosae | 马鞍树属Maackia |
10 | 松东锦鸡Caragana ussuriensis | 豆科Leguminosae | 锦鸡儿属Caragana |
11 | 锦鸡Caragana sinica | 豆科Leguminosae | 锦鸡儿属Caragana |
12 | 兴安杜鹃Rhododendron dauricum | 杜鹃花科Ericaceae | 杜鹃花属Rhododendron |
13 | 芦苇Phragmites australis | 禾本科Poaceae | 芦苇属Phragmites |
14 | 核桃楸Juglans mandshurica | 胡桃科Juglandaceae | 胡桃属Juglans |
15 | 沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides | 胡颓子科Elaeagnaceae | 沙棘属Hippophae |
16 | 白桦Betula platyphylla | 桦木科Betulaceae | 桦木属Betula |
17 | 榛子Corylus heterophylla | 桦木科Betulaceae | 榛属Corylus |
18 | 黑桦Betula dahurica | 桦木科Betulaceae | 桦木属Betula |
19 | 毛榛Corylus mandshurica | 桦木科Betulaceae | 榛属Corylus |
20 | 紫椴Tilia amurensis | 椴树科Tiliaceae | 锻属Tilia |
21 | 牛蒡Arctium lappa | 菊科Compositae | 牛蒡属Arctium |
22 | 蒙古栎Quercus mongolica | 壳斗科Fagaceae | 栎属Quercus |
23 | 柳兰Chamerion angustifolium | 柳叶菜科Onagraceae | 柳叶菜属Epilobium |
24 | 侧金盏花Adonis amurensis | 毛茛科Ranunculaceae | 侧金盏属Adonis |
25 | 暴马丁香Syringa ticulata var. mandshurica | 木犀科Oleaceae | 丁香属Syringa |
26 | 水曲柳Fraxinus mandshurica | 木犀科Oleaceae | 白蜡属Fraxinus |
27 | 东北连翘Forsythia suspensa | 木犀科Oleaceae | 连翘属Forsythia |
28 | 紫丁香Syringa oblata | 木犀科Oleaceae | 丁香属Syringa |
29 | 白丁香Syringa oblata Lindl. var. alba | 木犀科Oleaceae | 丁香属Syringa |
30 | 小叶丁香Syringa microphylla | 木犀科Oleaceae | 丁香属Syringa |
31 | 连翘Forsythia suspensa | 木犀科Oleaceae | 连翘属Forsythia |
32 | 山葡萄Vitis amurensis | 葡萄科Vitaceae | 葡萄属Vitis |
33 | 柳叶绣线菊Spiraea salicifolia | 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 绣线菊属Spiraea |
34 | 山荆子Malus baccata | 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 苹果属Malus |
35 | 兴安刺玫Rosa davurica | 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 蔷薇属Rosa |
36 | 珍珠梅Sorbaria sorbifolia | 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 珍珠梅属Sorbaria |
37 | 花楸Sorbus pohuashanensis | 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 花楸属Sorbus |
38 | 牛叠肚Rubus crataegifolius | 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 悬钩子属Rubus |
39 | 稠李Prunus padus | 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 稠李属Padus |
40 | 山杏Armeniaca sibirica | 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 杏属Armeniaca |
41 | 秋子梨Pyrus ussuriensis | 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 梨属Pyrus |
42 | 榆叶梅Prunus triloba | 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 桃属Amygdalus |
43 | 刺蔷薇Rosa acicularis | 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 蔷薇属Rosa |
44 | 麻叶绣线菊Spiraea cantoniensis | 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 绣线菊属Spiraea |
45 | 珍珠绣线菊Spiraea thunbergii | 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 绣线菊属Spiraea |
46 | 金缕梅Potentilla fruticosa | 金缕梅科Hamamelidaceae | 金缕梅属Hamamelis |
47 | 金银木Lonicera maackii | 忍冬科Caprifoliaceae | 忍冬属Lonicera |
48 | 天目琼花Viburnum sargentii | 忍冬科Caprifoliaceae | 荚蒾属Viburnum |
49 | 红瑞木Cornus alba | 山茱萸科Cornaceae | 山茱萸属Macrocarpium |
50 | 石竹Dianthus chinensis | 石竹科Caryophyllaceae | 石竹属Dianthus |
51 | 鼠李Rhamnus davurica | 鼠李科Rhamnaceae | 鼠李属Rhamnus |
52 | 樟子松Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica | 松科Pinaceae | 松属Pinus |
53 | 兴安落叶松Larix gmelinii | 松科Pinaceae | 松属Pinus |
54 | 红皮云杉Picea koraiensis | 松科Pinaceae | 云杉属Picea |
55 | 鱼鳞云杉Picea jezoensis var. microsperma | 松科Pinaceae | 云杉属Picea |
56 | 卫矛Euonymus alatus | 卫矛科Celastraceae | 卫矛属Euonymus |
57 | 瘤枝卫矛Euonymus verrucosus | 卫矛科Celastraceae | 卫矛属Euonymus |
58 | 色木槭Acer mono | 槭树科Aceraceae | 槭属Acer |
59 | 复叶槭Acer negundo | 槭树科Aceraceae | 槭属Acer |
60 | 元宝槭Acer truncatum | 槭树科Aceraceae | 槭属Acer |
61 | 花楷槭Acer ukurunduense | 槭树科Aceraceae | 槭属Acer |
62 | 接骨木Sambucus williamsii | 忍冬科Caprifoliaceae | 接骨木属Sambucus |
63 | 刺五加Eleutherococcus senticosus | 五加科Araliaceae | 五加属Acanthopanax |
64 | 银白杨Populus alba | 杨柳科Salicaceae | 杨属Populus |
65 | 山杨Populus davidiana | 杨柳科Salicaceae | 杨属Populus |
66 | 旱柳Salix matsudana | 杨柳科Salicaceae | 柳属Salix |
67 | 银中杨Populus alba ‘Berolinensis’ | 杨柳科Salicaceae | 杨属Populus |
68 | 香杨Populus koreana | 杨柳科Salicaceae | 杨属Populus |
69 | 大黄柳Salix raddeana | 杨柳科Salicaceae | 柳属Salix |
70 | 粉枝柳Salix rorida | 杨柳科Salicaceae | 柳属Salix |
71 | 榆树Ulmus pumila | 榆树Ulmaceae | 榆属Ulmus |
72 | 玉蝉花Iris ensata | 鸢尾科Iridaceae | 鸢尾属Iris |
73 | 马蔺Iris lactea | 鸢尾科Iridaceae | 鸢尾属Iris |
74 | 紫苜蓿Medicago sativa | 豆科Fabales | 苜蓿属Medicago |
表2
1~9尺度码
标度Scaling | 含义Meaning |
---|---|
1 | 表示两个因素相比,具有同样重要性 Indicates that two factors are equally important |
3 | 表示两个因素相比,一个因素比另一个因素稍微重要 Indicates that compared to two factors,one factor is slightly more important than the other |
5 | 表示两个因素相比,一个因素比另一个因素明显重要 Indicates that compared with two factors,one factor is obviously more important than the other |
7 | 表示两个因素相比,一个因素比另一个因素强烈重要 Indicates that compared to two factors,one factor is more important than the other |
9 | 表示两个因素相比,一个因素比另一个因素极端重要 Indicates that compared to two factors,one factor is extremely important than the other |
2-4-6-8 | 上述两相邻判断的中值 The median of the above two adjacent judgments |
表4
各指标层评分标准划定
具体指标层 Specific indicator layer | 评分等级Rating level | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5分 5 points | 4分 4 points | 3分 3 points | 2分 2 points | 1分 1 points | |
P1 | 36℃或者更低(2-9区) 36°C or lower(zone 2-9) | 30℃~36℃(3-9或3-10区) 30℃~36℃(3-9 or 3-10 zone) | 24℃~30℃(4-8区或4-9区) (Area 4-8 or Area 4-9) | 18℃~24℃(5-8/9/10区) 18℃~24℃(5-8/9/10 zone) | 18℃或者高-18℃(6-9、10区) 18℃ or higher -18℃(zone 6-9,10) |
P2 | 强耐阴 Strong tolerance | 喜光也耐荫 Hi light and shade | 强喜光,不耐荫蔽 Strong liking for light, intolerant of shade | ||
P3 | [200, | [301,400] | [401,500] | [501,600] | [601,700] |
P4 | 夏季滞尘能力强 Strong dust retention ability in summer | 夏季滞尘能力较强 Strong dust retention ability in summer | 夏季滞尘能力较弱 Weak dust retention ability in summer | ||
P5 | 根系发达,高效水土保持 Developed root system, efficient soil and water conservation | 根系发达,具有较优水土保持功能 Developed root system,with better soil and water conservation function | 根系发达,抗风性强,水土保持和防风固沙较优 Developed root system,strong wind resistance,good soil and water conservation and wind-proof and sand-fixing | 抗风性强,水土保持或防风固沙较优 Strong wind resistance,better for water and soil conservation or wind and sand fixation | 可促进立地条件的改善、水土的保持和防风固沙 It can promote the improvement of site conditions,water and soil conservation,and wind and sand fixation |
P6 | 植物常绿 Plant evergreen | 绿期约270多天 Green period is about 270 d | 绿期约240~270 d Green contract 240-270 d | 绿期约 210~240 d Green period is about 210-240 d | 绿期约180~210 d Green contract 180-210 d |
P7 | 生长速度快 Fast growth | 生长速度较快 Grow faster | 生长速度中等 Medium growth rate | 生长速度中等偏慢 Medium to slow growth rate | 生长速度慢 Slow growth rate |
P8 | 整体观赏效果俱佳 The overall viewing effect is excellent | 夏季或秋季整体观赏效果俱佳 Good overall viewing effect in summer or autumn | 夏季和秋季整体观赏效果较佳 The overall viewing effect is better in summer and autumn | 夏季或秋季整体观赏效果较佳 Better overall viewing effect in summer or autumn | 两季观赏效果一般 General viewing effect in two seasons |
P9 | 可粗放管理 Can be extensively managed | 较粗放管理 More extensive management | 进行一定精细管理 Carry out some fine management | ||
P10 | 黑河市内苗源充足(≥10 000株) Sufficient seedling sources in Heihe City(≥10 000 plants) | 黑河市苗源较不充足(≤5000株) The seedling source in Heihe City is relatively inadequate(≤5000 plants) | 黑河市内苗源不充足 Insufficient seedling resources in Heihe City |
表5
准则层层次分析判断矩阵及其权重关系
生态适应 Ecological adaptability | 生态防护 Ecological protection | 绿化效果 Greening effect | 经济性 Economy | Wi Weights | λmax Largest characteristic root | CR Single-level ranking consistency test | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
生态适应 Ecological adaptability | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 0.482 1 | 4.5915 | 0.0815 |
生态防护 Ecological protection | 1/3 | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 0.117 0 | ||
绿化效果 Greening effect | 1/4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0.217 8 | ||
经济性 Economy | 1/2 | 2 | 1/2 | 1 | 0.183 1 |
表11
权重分配表
评价方面 Evaluation aspect | 权重 Weights | 评价指标 Evaluation index | 权重 Weights |
---|---|---|---|
生态适应性 Ecological adaptability | 0.4821 | 抗旱性 Drought resistance | 0.489 4 |
抗寒性 Cold resistance | 0.097 9 | ||
耐阴性 Negative tolerance | 0.412 8 | ||
生态防护性 Ecological protection | 0.1170 | 防风固土 Windproof and soil | 0.25 |
改善空气质量 Improve air quality | 0.75 | ||
绿化效果 Greening effect | 0.2178 | 绿期 Green period | 0.758 3 |
生长速度 Growth rate | 0.104 3 | ||
景观观赏性 Landscape viewing | 0.229 7 | ||
经济性 Economy | 0.1831 | 养护管理成本 Maintenance management cost | 0.216 5 |
资源获取成本 Resource acquisition cost | 0.866 0 |
表12
排名前10种乔木综合排序
序号 Number | 抗寒性 Cold resistance | 耐阴性 Negative tolerance | 抗旱性 Drought resistance | 改善空气质量 Improve air quality | 防风固土 Windproof and soil | 绿期 Green period | 生长速度 Growth rate | 景观观赏性 Landscape viewing | 养护成本 Maintenance management cost | 资源获取成本 Maintenance management cost | 加权总分 Weighted total score | 排名 Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
樟子松 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica | 0.45 | 0.02 | 0.38 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 1.83 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.94 | 4.32 | 1 |
兴安落叶松 Larix gmelinii | 0.45 | 0.02 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 0.35 | 1.46 | 0.20 | 0.33 | 0.14 | 0.57 | 3.85 | 2 |
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica | 0.36 | 0.05 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.35 | 1.46 | 0.15 | 0.33 | 0.14 | 0.57 | 3.81 | 3 |
花楸 Sorbus pohuashanensis | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 1.10 | 0.20 | 0.55 | 0.14 | 0.94 | 3.73 | 4 |
白桦 Betula platyphylla | 0.36 | 0.02 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.35 | 1.10 | 0.20 | 0.55 | 0.14 | 0.57 | 3.68 | 5 |
山荆子 Malus baccata | 0.45 | 0.05 | 0.23 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 1.10 | 0.20 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.94 | 3.64 | 6 |
稠李 Prunus padus | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 1.10 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.57 | 3.28 | 7 |
旱柳 Salix matsudana | 0.36 | 0.02 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 0.26 | 1.46 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 3.27 | 8 |
红皮云杉 Picea koraiensis | 0.27 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.26 | 1.83 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 3.22 | 9 |
山杏 Armeniaca sibirica | 0.45 | 0.05 | 0.38 | 0.15 | 0.26 | 1.10 | 0.20 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 3.12 | 10 |
表13
排名前10种灌木综合排序
序号 Number | 抗寒性 Cold resistance | 耐阴性 Negative tolerance | 抗旱性 Drought resistance | 改善空气质量 Improve air quality | 防风固土 Windproof and soil | 绿期 Green period | 生长速度 Growth rate | 景观观赏性 Landscape viewing | 养护成本 Maintenance management cost | 资源获取成本 Maintenance management cost | 加权总分 Weighted total score | 排名 Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
沙棘 Hippophae rhamnoides | 0.45 | 0.05 | 0.38 | 0.15 | 0.44 | 1.46 | 0.25 | 0.55 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 4.16 | 1 |
珍珠梅 Sorbaria sorbifolia | 0.45 | 0.07 | 0.38 | 0.15 | 0.35 | 1.46 | 0.25 | 0.55 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 4.09 | 2 |
紫穗槐 Amorpha fruticosa | 0.36 | 0.05 | 0.38 | 0.15 | 0.44 | 1.10 | 0.20 | 0.55 | 0.24 | 0.57 | 4.03 | 3 |
柳叶绣线菊 Spiraea salicifolia | 0.36 | 0.07 | 0.23 | 0.15 | 0.26 | 1.10 | 0.25 | 0.44 | 0.19 | 0.94 | 3.99 | 4 |
胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor | 0.36 | 0.05 | 0.38 | 0.15 | 0.44 | 0.37 | 0.25 | 0.55 | 0.24 | 0.94 | 3.72 | 5 |
紫丁香 Syringa oblata | 0.27 | 0.07 | 0.30 | 0.15 | 0.26 | 0.73 | 0.20 | 0.55 | 0.24 | 0.94 | 3.72 | 6 |
榆叶梅 Prunus triloba | 0.36 | 0.05 | 0.30 | 0.15 | 0.35 | 1.10 | 0.20 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.57 | 3.64 | 7 |
兴安刺玫 Rosa davurica | 0.45 | 0.07 | 0.30 | 0.15 | 0.26 | 0.73 | 0.20 | 0.55 | 0.24 | 0.57 | 3.52 | 8 |
东北连翘 Forsythia suspensa | 0.36 | 0.07 | 0.30 | 0.15 | 0.35 | 0.73 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.57 | 3.35 | 9 |
兴安杜鹃 Rhododendron dauricum | 0.36 | 0.07 | 0.38 | 0.15 | 0.35 | 1.46 | 0.20 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 3.32 | 10 |
表14
8种草本综合排序
序号 Number | 抗寒性 Cold resistance | 耐阴性 Negative tolerance | 抗旱性 Drought resistance | 改善空气质量 Improve air quality | 防风固土 Windproof and soil | 绿期 Green period | 生长速度 Growth rate | 景观观赏性 Landscape viewing | 养护成本 Maintenance management cost | 资源获取成本 Maintenance management cost | 加权总分 Weighted total score | 排名 Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
马蔺 Iris lactea | 0.36 | 0.05 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.44 | 0.37 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.94 | 3.37 | 1 |
石竹 Dianthus chinensis | 0.36 | 0.05 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.37 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.94 | 3.19 | 2 |
玉蝉花 Iris ensata | 0.36 | 0.05 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.37 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.94 | 3.19 | 3 |
紫苜蓿 Medicago sativa | 0.36 | 0.05 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.94 | 3.06 | 4 |
毛百合 Lilium dauricum | 0.36 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.37 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.94 | 3.04 | 5 |
柳兰 Chamerion angustifolium | 0.36 | 0.05 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.94 | 2.98 | 6 |
藿香 Agastache rugosa | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.37 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.57 | 2.01 | 7 |
牛蒡 Arctium lappa | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.37 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.57 | 2.01 | 8 |
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