植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 928-938.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.06.010
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
李杰1, 张敬丽1, 孙体梅1, 白天1, 吕英民2, 李奋勇3, 吴雅文1(
)
收稿日期:2024-12-31
出版日期:2025-11-20
发布日期:2025-11-27
通讯作者:
吴雅文
E-mail:yawenwu@ynau.edu.cn
作者简介:李杰(1999—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事观赏植物资源利用与创新研究。
基金资助:
Jie LI1, Jingli ZHANG1, Timei SUN1, Tian BAI1, Yingmin LÜ2, Fenyong LI3, Yawen WU1(
)
Received:2024-12-31
Online:2025-11-20
Published:2025-11-27
Contact:
Yawen WU
E-mail:yawenwu@ynau.edu.cn
摘要:
为建立杜鹃花(Rhododendron)优质品种筛选体系,该研究以云南农业大学杜鹃种质资源库的7种杜鹃花为试验材料,运用层次分析法进行观赏性评价,结合干旱胁迫及生理指标测定,开展抗旱性评价,最后以优质种进行杂交育种和可育性试验,探究杂交亲和性。结果表明:锦绣杜鹃(R. × pulchrum)以株形紧凑、花叶丰满度高和园林应用潜力评分最高排在首位;映山红(R. simsii)的花观赏性评分最高,但花序数量少,叶片小且冬季落叶,排名第2;马缨杜鹃(R. delavayi)的整体观赏性评分最高,但园林应用潜力评分较低,排名第3。抗旱性排名为锦绣杜鹃>映山红>兴安杜鹃(R. dauricum)>红马银花(R. vialii)>马缨杜鹃>羊踯躅(R. molle)>大白杜鹃(R. decorum)。7个杂交组中的最优组为马缨杜鹃×映山红,坐果率为27.3%,种子萌发率为100.0%,而锦绣杜鹃无论是作为父本,还是作为母本,其杂交组合都没有获得杂交后代。总之,锦绣杜鹃观赏价值、抗旱性最佳,而映山红、马缨杜鹃观赏价值、抗旱性次之,且杂交亲和。
中图分类号:
李杰, 张敬丽, 孙体梅, 白天, 吕英民, 李奋勇, 吴雅文. 7种杜鹃花的性状评价与杂交亲和性[J]. 植物研究, 2025, 45(6): 928-938.
Jie LI, Jingli ZHANG, Timei SUN, Tian BAI, Yingmin LÜ, Fenyong LI, Yawen WU. Trait Evaluation and Hybrid Compatibility of Seven Rhododendron Species[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(6): 928-938.
表1
7种杜鹃花基本情况
种名 Species | 亚属 Subgenus | 引种来源 Introduction source |
|---|---|---|
| 大白杜鹃R. decorum | 常绿杜鹃亚属 subg. Hymenanthes | 云南普洱 Pu’er, Yunnan |
| 马缨杜鹃R. delavayi | 常绿杜鹃亚属 subg. Hymenanthes | 云南大理 Dali, Yunnan |
| 红马银花R. vialii | 马银花亚属 subg. Azaleastrum | 云南普洱 Pu’er, Yunnan |
| 映山红R. simsii | 映山红亚属 subg. Tsutsusi | 云南普洱 Pu’er, Yunnan |
| 锦绣杜鹃R. × pulchrum | 映山红亚属 subg. Tsutsusi | 江苏宿迁 Suqian, Jiangsu |
| 兴安杜鹃R. dauricum | 杜鹃亚属 subg. Rhododendron | 辽宁凤城 Fengcheng, Liaoning |
| 羊踯躅R. molle | 羊踯躅亚属 subg. Pentanthera | 云南普洱 Pu’er, Yunnan |
表2
综合评价指标体系结构模型
目标层(A) Target layer | 约束层(C) Restraint layer | 标准层(P) Typical floor | 最低层(D) The lowest level |
|---|---|---|---|
7种杜鹃花观赏价值评价 Evaluation of the ornamental value of seven Rhododendron species | C1花观赏性 Floral ornamental value | P1花冠直径 Corolla diameter | D1大白杜鹃 R. decorum D2马缨杜鹃 R. delavayi D3红马银花 R. vialii D4映山红 R. simsii D5锦绣杜鹃 R. × pulchrum D6兴安杜鹃 R. dauricum D7羊踯躅 R. molle |
P2花冠形状 Corolla shape | |||
P3花形 Flower shape | |||
P4花序数量 The number of inflorescences | |||
P5花丰满度 Flowers fullness | |||
P6花期 Flowering period | |||
P7开花时间 Flowering duration | |||
P8花香 Floral fragrance | |||
C2整体观赏性 Overall plant aesthetic merit | P9株形 Plant shape | ||
P10叶形 Leaf morphology | |||
P11叶色 Leaf coloration | |||
P12叶丰满度 Leaf fullness | |||
P13绿期 Foliage retention period | |||
C3园林应用潜力 Landscape application potential | P14资源丰富度* Resource abundance | ||
P15应用现状* Current application status | |||
P16特有性* Rarity of variety |
表3
评价指标的评分标准
标准层(P) Typical floor | 1分 Score 1 | 2分 Score 2 | 3分 Score 3 | 4分 Score 4 | 5分 Score 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 | <1 cm | 1~3 cm | 3~5 cm | 5~7 cm | >7 cm |
| P2 | 花小而无特色 Small and unremarkable flowers | 斜漏斗形 Oblique funnel-shaped | 阔漏斗形 Broad funnel-shaped | 管状,钟形 Tubular and campanulate | 花形奇特,如筒状 Unique forms (cylindrical) |
| P3 | 色彩暗淡等不明显的颜色 Dull or inconspicuous colors | 粉、浅粉等较为常见色 Common colors (pink,light pink) | 白色 White | 红、紫红等较为鲜艳色 Vivid colors (red,purple-red) | 绿色、黄色等少见色 Uncommon colors (green,yellow) |
| P4 | 1~2朵 1-2 flowers | 2~5朵 2-5 flowers | 6~10朵 6-10 flowers | 11~15朵 11-15 flowers | 15朵以上 15 flowers or more |
| P5 | <30% | 30%~40% | 50%~60% | 70%~80% | >80% |
| P6 | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 一年多季或秋季 Multiple seasons per year or autumn | ||
| P7 | 10~20 d | 20~30 d | 30~40 d | 40~50 d | 60~70 d |
| P8 | 异味 Unpleasant odor | 无味 Odorless | 清香 Light fragrance | 香 Fragrance | 浓香 Strong fragrance |
| P9 | 松散 Loose | 较松散 Moderately loose | 一般 Average | 较紧凑 Moderately compact | 紧凑 Compact |
| P10 | 小叶形,叶片长度<3 cm Small leaf shape,blade length <3 cm | 卵形,叶片长度3~5 cm Oval, blade length 3-5 cm | 披针形,叶片 长度6~10 cm Lanceolate, blade length 6-10 cm | 椭圆形,叶片 长度10 cm Elliptical, blade length >10 cm | 叶形奇特, 如基部心形等 Unique leaf shape (cordate base) |
| P11 | 叶色发黄且冬季落叶 Deciduous with yellow leaves in winter | 叶色发黄 Yellowish leaves | 叶色较淡,但常绿 Pale green but evergreen | 叶色浓绿、有光泽 Dark green and glossy | 叶色浓绿有光泽, 冬季有变色 Dark green glossy with color change in winter |
| P12 | <40% | 40%~50% | 50%~60% | 70%~80% | >80% |
| P13 | 落叶 Deciduous | 半常绿 Semi-evergreen | 常绿 Evergreen | ||
| P14 | 稀有 Rare | 少 Scarce | 较少 Moderately abundant | 较丰富 Abundant | 丰富 Very abundant |
| P15 | 无 None | 少 Limited | 较少 Moderate | 广 Wide | 极广 Extensive |
| P16 | 非特有种 Non-endemic | 中国特有 Endemic to China | 云南特有 Endemic to Yunnan |
表4
7种杜鹃花的综合评价及排序
种名 Species | C1花观赏性 Flower ornamental value | C2整体观赏性 Overall ornamental value | C3园林应用潜力 Landscape application potential | 综合得分 Comprehensive score | 排名 Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 大白杜鹃R. decorum | 1.803 1 | 0.327 9 | 1.003 6 | 3.134 6 | 5 |
| 马缨杜鹃R. delavayi | 2.303 4 | 0.395 8 | 0.846 1 | 3.545 2 | 3 |
| 红马银花R. vialii | 1.775 8 | 0.313 8 | 0.317 6 | 2.407 2 | 6 |
| 映山红R. simsii | 2.586 2 | 0.252 3 | 0.991 1 | 3.829 6 | 2 |
| 锦绣杜鹃R. × pulchrum | 2.377 1 | 0.350 8 | 1.174 7 | 3.902 7 | 1 |
| 兴安杜鹃R. dauricum | 1.571 5 | 0.180 6 | 0.620 2 | 2.372 3 | 7 |
| 羊踯躅R. molle | 2.508 9 | 0.280 6 | 0.462 7 | 3.252 2 | 4 |
表5
7种杜鹃花各项生理指标的抗旱隶属函数值及排名
种名 Species | 隶属函数值 Membership function values | 排名 Ranking | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content | 可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content | 可溶性蛋白含量 Soluble protein content | 脯氨酸含量 Proline content | MDA含量 MDA content | SOD活性 SOD activity | 平均值 Average value | ||
大白杜鹃 R. decorum | 0.032 | 0.016 | 0.345 | 0.047 | 0.123 | 1.000 | 0.260 | 7 |
马缨杜鹃 R. delavayi | 0.576 | 0.221 | 0.643 | 0.261 | 0.423 | 0.701 | 0.471 | 5 |
红马银花 R. Vialii | 0.803 | 0.333 | 0.396 | 0.339 | 1.000 | 0.138 | 0.501 | 4 |
映山红 R. simsii | 0.161 | 0.571 | 0.971 | 0.610 | 0.588 | 0.408 | 0.552 | 2 |
锦绣杜鹃 R. × pulchrum | 0.873 | 0.566 | 0.596 | 0.569 | 0.520 | 0.588 | 0.619 | 1 |
兴安杜鹃 R. dauricum | 0.667 | 0.796 | 0.094 | 0.729 | 0.713 | 0.130 | 0.521 | 3 |
羊踯躅 R. molle | 0.351 | 0.391 | 0.425 | 0.394 | 0.335 | 0.446 | 0.390 | 6 |
表6
7个杜鹃花杂交组合坐果率
亲本(♀×♂) Parents | 授粉花朵数量 Number of pollinated flowers | 坐果数量 Number of fruit setting | 坐果率 Fruit setting rate/% |
|---|---|---|---|
马缨杜鹃×映山红 R. Delavayi × R. simsii | 110 | 30 | 27.27 |
马缨杜鹃×锦绣杜鹃 R. Delavayi × R. × pulchrum | 200 | 10 | 5.00 |
锦绣杜鹃×马缨杜鹃 R. × pulchrum × R. Delavayi | 205 | 0 | 0 |
锦绣杜鹃×映山红 R. × pulchrum × R. simsii | 85 | 0 | 0 |
大白杜鹃×马缨杜鹃 R. Decorum × R. Delavayi | 99 | 18 | 18.18 |
大白杜鹃×映山红 R. Decorum × R. simsii | 100 | 10 | 10.00 |
大白杜鹃×锦绣杜鹃 R. Decorum × R. × pulchrum | 130 | 0 | 0 |
表7
杜鹃花杂交后代与亲本种子萌发情况
种(♀×♂) Species | 发芽率 Percentage of germination/% | 萌发高峰期 Germination peak/d | 发芽势 Germinability/% | 萌发时滞 Germination time lag/d | 发芽持续时间 germination duration/d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
大白杜鹃 R. decorum | 89.84±8.82ab | 13.00±0d | 34.20±9.69bc | 13.00±0c | 9.00±2.00cd |
马缨杜鹃 R. delavayi | 89.50±12.00ab | 13.00±0d | 50.30±15.05ab | 13.00±0c | 7.00±1.15d |
映山红 R. simsii | 68.04±15.14b | 19.00±1.15b | 66.65±14.18a | 15.00±0.58b | 10.00±1.73bc |
马缨杜鹃×映山红 R. delavayi × R. simsii | 100.00±0a | 14.00±0.58cd | 34.95±4.97bc | 13.00±0c | 12.00±0ab |
大白杜鹃×马缨杜鹃 R. decorum ×R. delavayi | 81.73±13.91ab | 16.00±1.15c | 59.19±13.03a | 14.00±0.58b | 12.00±1.15ab |
大白杜鹃×映山红 R. decorum × R. simsii | 39.47±0c | 22.00±2.08a | 26.32±0c | 16.00±0a | 13.00±1.00a |
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