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植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 898-908.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.06.007

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同种源臭蒿种子萌发特性与染色体核型

罗植煜1, 余静雅2, 郑清清3, 张发起2,3()   

  1. 1.青海民族大学药学院,西宁 810007
    2.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁 810001
    3.西宁植物园,西宁 810001
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-21 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-27
  • 通讯作者: 张发起 E-mail:fqzhang@nwipb.cas.cn
  • 作者简介:罗植煜(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事药物分析与质量标准制订研究。
  • 基金资助:
    第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK05020102)

Seed Germination Characteristics and Chromosome Karyotype of Different Provenances of Artemisia hedinii

Zhiyu LUO1, Jingya YU2, Qingqing ZHENG3, Faqi ZHANG2,3()   

  1. 1.College of Pharmacy,Qinghai Minzu University,Xining 810007
    2.Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810001
    3.Xining Botanical Garden,Xining 810001
  • Received:2025-07-21 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-27
  • Contact: Faqi ZHANG E-mail:fqzhang@nwipb.cas.cn

摘要:

该文对青海省唐古拉山镇(TGL)和约改镇(YG)2个自然居群的臭蒿(Artemisia hedinii)种子植物学特征及萌发特性展开研究,测定形态特征、种子活力、吸水率和含水量等功能性状,以发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数为测定指标,研究恒温、变温和赤霉素(GA3)处理对臭蒿种子萌发特性的影响。同时,采用染色体常规压片技术和核型分析方法分析臭蒿染色体核型,揭示2个居群间染色体核型特征差异。结果表明:臭蒿种子扁平细长,千粒质量分别为0.121 2 g(YG)和0.090 1 g(TGL),吸水24 h可达到饱和;温度是影响臭蒿种子萌发的重要因素,在适宜的萌发温度(25 ℃)下种子发芽率在85%以上,低温(5 ℃)导致种子不能萌发,高温(35 ℃)抑制种子萌发,萌发率降至72%以下,变温和赤霉素处理可显著提高萌发指标,赤霉素在一定程度上可以缓解高温环境对臭蒿种子萌发的抑制效应,但对低温抑制种子萌发没有效果;臭蒿染色体的数目为18条,基数为9,核型公式为2n=2x=18m,核型类型为1A,较为对称;唐古拉山镇居群染色体的长度比、平均臂比和核不对称系数均大于约改镇居群。综上可知,温度是调节臭蒿种子萌发的重要因素,2个居群的臭蒿种子适宜萌发温度为恒温25 ℃与变温25 ℃/15 ℃,赤霉素能有效促进种子在高温条件下萌发;臭蒿为二倍体植物,具有18条染色体,染色体较为稳定对称,异质环境可能对臭蒿染色体的进化方向产生重要影响,驱动染色体核型朝向特定的方向演化。

关键词: 臭蒿, 种子萌发, 染色体, 核型分析

Abstract:

The botanical characteristics and germination traits of Artemisia hedinii seeds from two natural populations in Tanggula Town(TGL) and Yuegai Town(YG) of Qinghai Province were investigated, and functional traits such as morphological characteristics, seed viability, water absorption rate, and water content were determined, and the effects of constant temperature, alternating temperature, and gibberellin(GA3) treatments on seed germination traits were studied using germination rate, germination energy, and germination index as indicators. Additionally, conventional chromosome squashing technique and karyotype analysis were employed to reveal differences in chromosome karyotype characteristics between the two populations. The results showed that A. hedinii seeds were flat and slender, with 1 000-seed mass of 0.121 2 g(YG) and 0.090 1 g(TGL), respectively, and seeds reached water saturation after 24 hours of imbibition. Temperature was a critical factor affecting seed germination, under the optimum germination temperature (25 ℃), the germination rate exceeded 85%; a low temperature(5 ℃) led to no seed germination, while a high temperature(35 ℃) reduced the germination rate to the values less than 72%, the appropriate temperature and GA3 treatments significantly improved germination indices. GA3 could alleviate the inhibitory effect of high temperature on germination to a certain extent but had no effect on inhibition of low temperature. The chromosome number of A. hedinii was 18, with a basic chromosome number of 9, and the karyotype formula was 2n=2x=18m, karyotype type was 1A, and chromosome was symmetrical. The chromosome length ratio, average arm ratio, and karyotype asymmetry index of the Tanggula Town population were all higher than those of the Yuegai Town population. In conclusion, temperature was an important factor regulating A. hedinii seed germination. The optimal germination temperatures for both populations were constant 25 ℃ and variable temperature 25 ℃/15 ℃, and GA3 could effectively promote seed germination under high-temperature conditions. A. hedinii was a diploid plant with 18 stable and symmetric chromosomes, and heterogeneous environment might play a significant role in the chromosomes evolutionary direction of A. hedinii, driving the chromosome karyotype evolution in specific directions.

Key words: Artemisia hedinii, seed germination, chromosome, karyotype analysis

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