植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 898-908.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.06.007
收稿日期:2025-07-21
出版日期:2025-11-20
发布日期:2025-11-27
通讯作者:
张发起
E-mail:fqzhang@nwipb.cas.cn
作者简介:罗植煜(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事药物分析与质量标准制订研究。
基金资助:
Zhiyu LUO1, Jingya YU2, Qingqing ZHENG3, Faqi ZHANG2,3(
)
Received:2025-07-21
Online:2025-11-20
Published:2025-11-27
Contact:
Faqi ZHANG
E-mail:fqzhang@nwipb.cas.cn
摘要:
该文对青海省唐古拉山镇(TGL)和约改镇(YG)2个自然居群的臭蒿(Artemisia hedinii)种子植物学特征及萌发特性展开研究,测定形态特征、种子活力、吸水率和含水量等功能性状,以发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数为测定指标,研究恒温、变温和赤霉素(GA3)处理对臭蒿种子萌发特性的影响。同时,采用染色体常规压片技术和核型分析方法分析臭蒿染色体核型,揭示2个居群间染色体核型特征差异。结果表明:臭蒿种子扁平细长,千粒质量分别为0.121 2 g(YG)和0.090 1 g(TGL),吸水24 h可达到饱和;温度是影响臭蒿种子萌发的重要因素,在适宜的萌发温度(25 ℃)下种子发芽率在85%以上,低温(5 ℃)导致种子不能萌发,高温(35 ℃)抑制种子萌发,萌发率降至72%以下,变温和赤霉素处理可显著提高萌发指标,赤霉素在一定程度上可以缓解高温环境对臭蒿种子萌发的抑制效应,但对低温抑制种子萌发没有效果;臭蒿染色体的数目为18条,基数为9,核型公式为2n=2x=18m,核型类型为1A,较为对称;唐古拉山镇居群染色体的长度比、平均臂比和核不对称系数均大于约改镇居群。综上可知,温度是调节臭蒿种子萌发的重要因素,2个居群的臭蒿种子适宜萌发温度为恒温25 ℃与变温25 ℃/15 ℃,赤霉素能有效促进种子在高温条件下萌发;臭蒿为二倍体植物,具有18条染色体,染色体较为稳定对称,异质环境可能对臭蒿染色体的进化方向产生重要影响,驱动染色体核型朝向特定的方向演化。
中图分类号:
罗植煜, 余静雅, 郑清清, 张发起. 不同种源臭蒿种子萌发特性与染色体核型[J]. 植物研究, 2025, 45(6): 898-908.
Zhiyu LUO, Jingya YU, Qingqing ZHENG, Faqi ZHANG. Seed Germination Characteristics and Chromosome Karyotype of Different Provenances of Artemisia hedinii[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(6): 898-908.
表3
2个居群臭蒿种子萌发特征
居群编号 Population code | 温度 Temperature/℃ | 处理方式 Treatment method | 平均发芽率 Average germination rate/% | 平均发芽势 Average germination potential/% | 发芽指数 Germination index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TGL | 5 | — | — | — | — |
| 15 | CK1 | 86.00±1.15cd | 66.67±6.36c | 8.54±0.38f | |
| 100 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 86.67±2.67bcd | 69.33±5.81bc | 8.81±0.44ef | ||
| 200 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 91.33±1.76abc | 81.33±4.67ab | 9.76±0.23de | ||
| 800 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 86.67±1.76bcd | 72.00±2.31bc | 8.89±0.23ef | ||
| 25 | CK2 | 89.33±3.06bcd | 68.67±8.33bc | 9.31±0.14ef | |
| 100 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 92.67±1.76ab | 72.00±4.16bc | 10.58±0.39cd | ||
| 200 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 97.33±1.33a | 86.67±1.76a | 12.91±0.10a | ||
| 800 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 91.33±0.67abc | 74.00±3.46abc | 11.35±0.23bc | ||
| 35 | CK3 | 71.33±1.76e | 48.00±5.29d | 6.38±0.36g | |
| 100 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 86.00±2.00cd | 62.00±1.15c | 10.42±0.24cd | ||
| 200 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 89.33±1.76bcd | 70.00±5.77bc | 11.65±0.48b | ||
| 800 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 84.67±4.06d | 68.00±6.11bc | 11.29±0.56bc | ||
| 25/5 | — | 89.33±0.67bcd | 67.32±2.40c | 8.68±0.20f | |
| 25/15 | — | 90.00±2.31bcd | 71.33±1.76bc | 10.58±0.78cd | |
| 35/15 | — | 84.00±4.16d | 64.67±4.37c | 8.59±0.38f | |
| YG | 5 | — | — | — | — |
| 15 | CK4 | 85.33±2.40bc | 65.33±5.46bc | 7.35±0.33g | |
| 100 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 86.67±2.40bc | 66.00±2.00bc | 9.08±0.35ed | ||
| 200 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 88.00±2.31abc | 72.00±4.00ab | 9.71±0.61cd | ||
| 800 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 87.33±1.33abc | 70.00±5.77abc | 9.18±0.65de | ||
| 25 | CK5 | 86.67±1.76bc | 66.67±3.53bc | 8.66±0.25de | |
| 100 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 90.67±0.67ab | 68.67±2.40bc | 10.55±0.16bcd | ||
| 200 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 93.33±1.76a | 80.67±2.91a | 11.78±0.49a | ||
| 800 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 89.33±1.76abc | 71.33±3.71ab | 11.28±0.42ab | ||
| 35 | CK6 | 69.33±5.46d | 49.33±4.06d | 6.57±0.75g | |
| 100 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 84.00±1.15c | 62.67±3.71bc | 10.73±0.17abcd | ||
| 200 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 86.67±1.76bc | 68.67±4.67bc | 11.39±0.49ab | ||
| 800 mg⋅L-1 GA₃ | 85.33±0.67bc | 67.33±3.71bc | 11.12±0.27abc | ||
| 25/5 | — | 86.00±1.15bc | 67.33±1.76bc | 8.88±0.06de | |
| 25/15 | — | 88.67±1.76abc | 68.67±0.67bc | 9.74±0.63cde | |
| 35/15 | — | 81.33±0.67c | 59.33±1.76cd | 8.41±0.09ef |
表4
2个居群臭蒿染色体参数
居群编号 Population code | 染色体序号 Code of chromosome | 长度 Length/μm | 标准偏差 Standard deviation/μm | 臂比 Arm ratio | 类型 Type | 相对长度 Relative length | 相对长度系数 Relative length coefficient | 长度分类 Length classification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| YG | 1 | 2.21+2.05=4.26 | 0.35 | 1.09 | m | 14.49 | 1.30 | L |
| 2 | 2.01+1.84=3.85 | 0.32 | 1.10 | m | 13.08 | 1.17 | M2 | |
| 3 | 1.86+1.74=3.60 | 0.31 | 1.07 | m | 12.18 | 1.10 | M2 | |
| 4 | 1.77+1.64=3.41 | 0.29 | 1.08 | m | 11.49 | 1.04 | M2 | |
| 5 | 1.70+1.55=3.25 | 0.28 | 1.09 | m | 10.97 | 0.99 | M1 | |
| 6 | 1.61+1.49=3.10 | 0.26 | 1.08 | m | 10.49 | 0.95 | M1 | |
| 7 | 1.52+1.39=2.91 | 0.24 | 1.10 | m | 9.86 | 0.89 | M1 | |
| 8 | 1.40+1.32=2.72 | 0.23 | 1.07 | m | 9.22 | 0.83 | M1 | |
| 9 | 1.29+1.12=2.41 | 0.20 | 1.14 | m | 8.22 | 0.74 | S | |
| TGL | 1 | 2.49+2.15=4.18 | 0.35 | 1.16 | m | 14.35 | 1.29 | L |
| 2 | 2.26+2.04=3.81 | 0.34 | 1.11 | m | 13.21 | 1.19 | M2 | |
| 3 | 2.15+1.89=3.53 | 0.30 | 1.15 | m | 12.50 | 1.13 | M2 | |
| 4 | 1.99+1.78=3.32 | 0.28 | 1.13 | m | 11.68 | 1.05 | M2 | |
| 5 | 1.89+1.65=3.14 | 0.27 | 1.16 | m | 10.99 | 0.99 | M1 | |
| 6 | 1.79+1.58=2.95 | 0.25 | 1.12 | m | 10.45 | 0.94 | M1 | |
| 7 | 1.69+1.47=2.85 | 0.23 | 1.16 | m | 9.83 | 0.88 | M1 | |
| 8 | 1.54+1.36=2.62 | 0.22 | 1.13 | m | 8.94 | 0.80 | M1 | |
| 9 | 1.38+1.20=2.40 | 0.19 | 1.17 | m | 8.05 | 0.72 | S |
表5
2个居群的臭蒿染色体核型比较
居群编号 Population code | 核型公式 Karyotype formula | 长度比 Length ratio | 臂比>2的染色体比例 Chromosomes proportion of arm ratio excess to 2/% | 核型类型 Karyotype type | 平均臂比 Average arm ratio | 平均着丝粒 不对称系数 MCA | 核型不 对称系数 As.K/% | 核型不对 称程度 A | 核型对 称指数 Syi | 着丝粒指数 变异系数 CVCI | 染色体长度 变异系数 CVCL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| YG | 2n=2x=18m | 1.83 | 0 | 1A | 1.09 | 4.33 | 52.15 | 0.04 | 91.79 | 2.64 | 18.10 |
| TGL | 2n=2x=18m | 1.91 | 0 | 1A | 1.14 | 6.65 | 53.31 | 0.07 | 87.64 | 3.84 | 18.89 |
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