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植物研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 61-68.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2019.01.008

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

晋西黄土区土壤水分动态变化与植被群落关系研究

强方方1, 魏天兴2,3, 刘崴2   

  1. 1. 延安大学生命科学学院, 延安 716000;
    2. 北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083;
    3. 山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-12 出版日期:2019-01-15 发布日期:2019-01-31
  • 通讯作者: 魏天兴 E-mail:weitx@bjfu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:强方方(1991-),女,硕士,主要从事景观生态学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    "十三五"国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501705);延安大学博士科研启动项目(YDBK2016-12)联合资助

Relationship between Soil Moisture Dynamics and Vegetation Community in the Loess Area of Western Shanxi Province

QIANG Fang-Fang1, WEI Tian-Xing2,3, LIU Wei2   

  1. 1. College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000;
    2. College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083;
    3. Ji County Station, Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network, Beijing 100083
  • Received:2018-09-12 Online:2019-01-15 Published:2019-01-31
  • Supported by:
    The 13th five-year National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0501705);Ph.D. Research Startup Foundation of Yan'an University(YDBK2016-12)

摘要: 土壤水分是晋西黄土区植被群落生长与恢复的主要限制因素,为定量探讨该区域不同植被群落土壤水分变化规律,选择山西吉县蔡家川流域3种典型植被群落(油松人工林、刺槐人工林、天然次生林)为研究对象,研究土壤水分时空变化特征,以及土壤水分与降雨、气温和土壤养分的变化关系。结果表明:(1)近10年,研究区降雨分布极不均匀,表现为降雨前期不足,集中在中后期;近10年植被群落生长季,天然次生林土壤水分最大,刺槐林最小,且两者存在显著差异,但均与油松林地差异不显著;(2)研究区3种植被群落0~60 cm土层中根系分布存在差异。其中,同种植被群落不同土层间根系分布均存在显著差异;不同植被群落中,天然次生林与油松、刺槐林的根系分布在20~60 cm土层存在显著差异;(3)研究区植被群落土壤水分具有明显分层现象,即0~40 cm土层土壤水分变化较大,而40~100 cm土层波动较小,基本维持在10%~15%;表土层(0~40 cm)土壤水分变化与植被根系分布有关,且植被根系分布与土壤水分呈显著负相关;(4)通过对土壤水分与降雨、气温、有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾等因素进行分析,发现土壤水分与降雨呈显著正相关,油松林地相关系数最高;气温只与次生林的土壤水分呈显著正相关;土壤水分与有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾存在正相关,其中与全磷相关度最高。

关键词: 晋西黄土区, 降雨, 土壤水分, 植被群落

Abstract: Water availability is the most limiting factor for plants in forest ecosystems of semi-arid regions. To determine the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil moisture under different vegetation community in loess hilly region, by the field test, three typical vegetation communities(Pinus tabuliformis forest, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and natural secondary forest) were investigated. By analyzing the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil water and the relationship between soil moisture and precipitation, temperature and soil nutrient, the results showed that:(1)In the past ten years, the rainfall distribution in the study area was extremely uneven, and characterized by insufficient pre-rainfall period and concentrated in the later stage. The natural secondary forest soil had the largest soil moisture, and R.pseudoacacia forest was the smallest, and there were significant differences between them, both of them were not significant difference with P.tabuliformis forest; (2)There were differences in the distribution of roots in the 0-60 cm soil layer of the three vegetation communities in the study area. Among them, the distribution of roots in different soil layers of the same planting community was significantly different. In different vegetation communities, the root distribution of natural secondary forests was significantly different with P.tabuliformis and R.pseudoacacia forests in the 20-60 cm soil layer; (3)The soil moisture of the vegetation community in the study area had obvious stratification, the soil moisture in the topsoil(0-40 cm) varies greatly, while the 40-100 cm soil layer had less fluctuation and basically maintained at 10%-15%. The soil moisture change in topsoil(0-40 cm) was related to the distribution of vegetation roots, and significantly negatively correlated with soil moisture; (4)Through analyzing the relationship of soil moisture and rainfall, temperature, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium in topsoil, soil moisture is significantly positively correlated with rainfall, and the correlation coefficient of P.tabuliformis forest is the highest. Temperature is only positively correlated with the soil moisture of the secondary forest. Soil moisture is positively correlated with organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium, and the correlation with total phosphorus is the highest.

Key words: Loess area of western Shanxi, rainfall, soil moisture, vegetation community

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