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Published in last 1 year |  In last 2 years |  In last 3 years |  All Please wait a minute... For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX Toggle Thumbnails Select Flowering Biological Characteristics and Breeding System of Lumnitzera racemosa Yanqing CAI, Yujun CHEN, Mei LI, Chuangfa DENG, Liejian HUANG Bulletin of Botanical Research    2024, 44 (1): 152-160.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.01.017 Abstract （61）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （2518KB）（95）       Knowledge map    Save In order to reveal the endangered mechanism and carry out related conservation actions of Lumnitzera racemosa， we observed the flowering dynamics of the introduced L. racemosa in Dangan Island Provincial Nature Reserve， Zhuhai， Guangdong， and investigated the breeding system of L. racemosa by using the out-crossing index（OCI）， pollen-ovule ratio（P/O）， pollen viability and stigma receptivity， and artificial pollination. The results showed that： （1）The flowering period of L. racemosa population started May 16， the full blooming period was from May 25 to July 1， and the last flowering period was from July 5 to August 31， and the flowering period of L. racemosa population was up to 106 days. The flowering duration of inflorescence was 5-18 days， and average duration was （10.80±3.58） days； The single flowering period of L. racemose lasted 7-13 days， with an average of （9.1±1.3） days. （2）Pollen viability was highest on the day of flowering， reaching 58.73%， and decreased on the second day and no longer viable was on the third day； Stigma receptivity was weakest at the first day of opening， then gradually strengthened， and was strongest at 100% at the third day， and maturity time of male and female was inconsistent. （3）OCI was 4， the breeding system of L. racemosa was mainly outcrossing with partial self-compatible， which required pollinator； P/O was 5 740.50±1 318.20， the breeding system was obligate xenogamy； pollination test showed that the breeding system was a mixed mating system with both self and xenogamy. Based on the above， the breeding system of L. racemosa was mainly outcrossing with partial self-compatibility and requiredr pollinators. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Embryo Development and Features of Seed and Fruit of Endangered Plant Cymbidium goeringii var. longibracteatum Renrui WANG, Xin LIU, Jie LI Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (6): 953-960.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.06.017 Abstract （67）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （4479KB）（145）       Knowledge map    Save The embryo development， seed formation and fruit anatomical characteristics of Cymbidium goeringii var. longibracteatum were investigated by microscopic and ultrastructure obsevation on the capsules at various developmental stages obtained by artificial self-pollination. The results showed that： megasporocyte and mature embryo sac were observed at 60 d and 80 d after pollination resepectively， and the female gametophyte was of polygonum type. Spherical embryo and suspensor structures formed after 120 d， and the suspensor degenerated and embryo body was at the globular stage after 180 d， and development of the embryo was of the solanad type. The seeds were extremely tiny， consisting of endopleura， episperm and undifferentiated globular embryo， accounting for about 24% of the seed embryo volume， and with little content of nutrients， and an air cavity between the seed coats.The ovary was composed of six carpel valves， three of which were fertile with a ‘V’ shaped placenta， and the others were infertile carpel valves without placenta. The average weight of a single seed was （3.92 ±0.40） μg， and the number of seeds in a capsule was（37.98±3.71）×104. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Observation on the Formation and Composition Analysis of Blue Pollen of Caryopterisincana Qinghua YANG, Binjie GE, Dasheng ZHANG Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (5): 794-800.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.05.016 Abstract （759）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （2669KB）（73）       Knowledge map    Save In majority of plants， colorful pollen is rarely seen on the surface of pollen except light yellow. In this article， the existence of blue pollen was discovered in Caryopteris incana， and the color of anther and pollen at different developmental stages was observed by microscope， and the anthocyanin components of mature pollen were analyzed by UPLC/MS（Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry）. The results showed that mature anthers and pollens were blue due to the rich anthocyanins. The color of anther and pollen changed obviously at young buds， early flowering buds and flowering stages， which were light yellow， light blue and blue purple respectively. The blue pigments of pollen mainly existed in the surface of pollen coat and tapetal cells by the cross-section observation. The UPLC/MS analysis showed that there were six kinds of anthocyanins on the pollen surface at the flowering stage， among which the main blue components were Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside and Malvidin 3，5-O-diglucoside， followed by Peonidin， Cyanidin and Petunidin， while the content of Pelargonidin was the lowest. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Morph-anatomy of Leaf and Taxonomic Insights of Eight Viola species from Yunnan,China Qin TIAN, Chengyan SHAO, Hanning DUAN, Chenxuan YANG, Lu LI Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (3): 447-460.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.03.015 Abstract （1434）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （7788KB）（174）       Knowledge map    Save The taxonomy of Viola L. has been problematic due to its varied morphology in a large number of species with a wide distribution. To solve its taxonomic problem， leaf morphology and anatomy in eight Viola species from Yunnan， China were investigated using the microscope and paraffine section. The results showed that： （1）There were four leaf shapes grouped into the reniform， the hastate， the ovate， and the three-lobed types. （2）There were three types of uniseriately single-celled trichome， including the short-column， the medium-column， and the long-column， growing along the margins and veins of leaves. （3）The anticlinal wall of epidermal cells was the straight-arched， the sinuolate， and the sinuous patterns respectively. Most of the stomata were orbicular while some were elliptical， which comprised the paracytic， the diacytic， and the anomocytic patterns. （4）The outlines of mid-rib transverse section were divided into the equal and the unequal types based on the different sizes between the adaxial and the abaxial epidermis. （5）The shapes of cross section of the petiole were grouped into the elliptical， the sub-orbicular， and the circle patterns， with obvious adaxially lateral wings and ridges. The number of vascular bundles was one or three， with varied three outlines containing the round， the shallowly U-type， and the deeply U-type. It was showed that some selected features of morpho-anatomy of leaf were much valuable for problematic species delimitation， including the leaf shape， the trichome， the epidermal cell， the outline of vascular bundle， and the shape of cross section of leaf and petiole. Additionally， it was supported that V. inconspicua， V. prionantha， and V. philippica should be treated as three independent species. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Anatomical Structure and Ecological Adaptability of Stems and Leaves of Rhamnus ussuriensis Qingsong WU, Yinghui LIU, Shuo LI, Panpan LI, Youmin ZHANG Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (3): 461-469.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.03.016 Abstract （2047）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （8959KB）（133）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the adaptability mechanism of the anatomical structure of the Rhamnus ussuriensis stems and leaves to the environment， the stems and leaves of Rh. ussuriensisis were studied by paraffin sections and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that： leaf blade of Rh. ussuriensisis was bifacial； trichomes and stomata were distributed in lower epidermis； stomatal index was 39.04 %； the palisade tissue was composed of two layers of parenchyma cells； the palisade tissue had a compact structure， however， the spongy tissue was loosely arranged. The main veins of the leaves were developed， the vascular bundles were arranged in the ring-shape， the number of xylem vessels and the diameter was large respectively， and the parenchyma cells around the vascular bundle contained abundant ergastic substance. In the primary structure of stem， the cuticle of epidermal cells was thick， and the cells of cortex parenchyma contained crystal clusters. The vascular bundle was open collateral vascular bundle； the medulla was developed； the secondary structure of the stem had obvious annual rings， which was a typical ring-porous wood， with concave lenticels and developed secondary xylem； most of the vessels were spiral vessels and pitted vessels， and the vessel member were mostly compound pores. The rays were mainly single rays， with a small number of double rays. The anatomical structure of the R. ussuriensishas leaves and stems had obvious characteristics of drought resistance and cold resistance， it might adapt to arid and cold environments. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Pollen Morphological Characters of 20 Species from Camellia Sect. Theopsis and Sect. Eriandria Yali ZHANG, Naiying YANG, Yao SONG, Xiangpeng LI, Weizhen GUO, Youming CAI Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (3): 470-480.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.03.017 Abstract （1750）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （3413KB）（71）       Knowledge map    Save To provide references for the phylogenetic evolution， classification and identification of plants in Camellia Sect. Theopsis and Camellia Sect. Eriandria were studied by pollen morphology. 20 species of the two sections， pollen shape and exine sculpture were used as materials and observed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. Results indicated： （1）Pollen size of 20 species mainly belonged to medium（25-50 μm） and large（50-100 μm） pollen. The pollens were all single-grain pollen with three grooves， three-cracked in the polar view and long spherical in the equatorial view. （2）There were three types of pollen exine sculpture， including foveolate， granulate and verrucate. C. elongata was foveolate type， C. forrestii， and C. forrestii var. acutisepala were verrucate type， and the other 17 species were granulate type. We considered that the evolution trend of pollen exine sculpture of the two sections was foveolate→granulate→verrucate. The results of pollen exine sculpture types supported the view that Sect. Theopsis and Sect. Eriandria were a monophyletic clade， while the taxonomic status of C. tsofuii and C. lipoensis should be further studied. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Reproductive Biological Characteristics of Dendrobium chrysanthum Jianwei YANG, Zongyan LI, Yao FENG, Shuxian REN, Menglu HU, Songpu YE Bulletin of Botanical Research    2023, 43 (1): 150-160.   DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.01.016 Abstract （2090）   HTML （29）    PDF（pc） （4823KB）（783）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the reproductive biological characteristics of Dendrobium chrysanthum， the flowering habits， the pollen vitality， the characteristics of stigma secretion， the fruit setting rate as well as the development and storage of seed were investigated. The results were listed as followed： （1）Its budding period and the emergence were 19 d， 23 d respectively. The population's flowering period was 28d， whereas the single flower span was from 10-15 d. （2）From the first day to the third day of flowering， the pollen viability was about 90% but decreased to 23.7% at the ninth day of flowering. The data of pollen viability significantly differed between at three former day and other latter time（P<0.01）， pollen viability varied from high to low level with the blooming. （3）The stigma of D. chrysanthum produced secretions from the 2nd day of flowering， and had the maximum yield at the 6th day， and stigma staining showed that the stigma receptivity was optimal at the 5-6 d of flowering， and stigma receptivity changed from weak to strong to and then to weak with the prolongation of bloom stage. （4）An artificial pollination was made at the fourth day after flowering. but no fruit was found after cross-pollination and same-flower pollination. In the field， the seedpod weight was from 2.02-4.83 g， seed length varied from 0.628-0.845 mm and its width was from 0.082-0.110 mm， and the ratio of length to width was 7.798 and the rate of embryo formation reached to 97.35%， and the seed vigor was 90.80%， and the seed vigor maintained at 73.20% at room temperature for 6 months. All results mentioned above indicated that the flowering period of D. chrysanthum was short， and the pollen vigor remained the highest after flowering， and the pollen matured earlier than stigma. There was no apomixis occurred in D. chrysanthum， and the artifical self-pollination caused sterile. Although it could bear well-developed seedpods under natural condition with a high seed vitality. Dried seeds could keep a good storage resistance under natural condition. This study confirms the biological characteristics of flowering and dichogamy of D. chrysanthum， and its breeding system belongs to self-incompatibility， and could provide the strategies for conservation of wild germplasm resources and a precise hand-pollination of D. chrysanthum. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics