Reproductive Biological Characteristics of Dendrobium chrysanthum

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.01.016

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the reproductive biological characteristics of Dendrobium chrysanthum， the flowering habits， the pollen vitality， the characteristics of stigma secretion， the fruit setting rate as well as the development and storage of seed were investigated. The results were listed as followed：（1）Its budding period and the emergence were 19 d， 23 d respectively. The population's flowering period was 28d， whereas the single flower span was from 10-15 d. （2）From the first day to the third day of flowering， the pollen viability was about 90% but decreased to 23.7% at the ninth day of flowering. The data of pollen viability significantly differed between at three former day and other latter time（P<0.01）， pollen viability varied from high to low level with the blooming. （3）The stigma of D. chrysanthum produced secretions from the 2nd day of flowering， and had the maximum yield at the 6th day， and stigma staining showed that the stigma receptivity was optimal at the 5-6 d of flowering， and stigma receptivity changed from weak to strong to and then to weak with the prolongation of bloom stage. （4）An artificial pollination was made at the fourth day after flowering. but no fruit was found after cross-pollination and same-flower pollination. In the field， the seedpod weight was from 2.02-4.83 g， seed length varied from 0.628-0.845 mm and its width was from 0.082-0.110 mm， and the ratio of length to width was 7.798 and the rate of embryo formation reached to 97.35%， and the seed vigor was 90.80%， and the seed vigor maintained at 73.20% at room temperature for 6 months. All results mentioned above indicated that the flowering period of D. chrysanthum was short， and the pollen vigor remained the highest after flowering， and the pollen matured earlier than stigma. There was no apomixis occurred in D. chrysanthum， and the artifical self-pollination caused sterile. Although it could bear well-developed seedpods under natural condition with a high seed vitality. Dried seeds could keep a good storage resistance under natural condition. This study confirms the biological characteristics of flowering and dichogamy of D. chrysanthum， and its breeding system belongs to self-incompatibility， and could provide the strategies for conservation of wild germplasm resources and a precise hand-pollination of D. chrysanthum.

Key words: Dendrobium chrysanthum, flowering habit, pollen vigor, stigma receptivity, seed vigor

CLC Number:

S682.31

Jianwei YANG, Zongyan LI, Yao FENG, Shuxian REN, Menglu HU, Songpu YE. Reproductive Biological Characteristics of Dendrobium chrysanthum[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(1): 150-160.

Figures/Tables 9

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开花期观测指标 Anthesis observation index	开始日期 Start date	结束日期 End date	持续时间 Duration /d	花期 Florescence
花芽萌动期 Budding stage of flower	8/14	9/1	19	/
现蕾期 Budding period	9/6	9/28	23	/
单花寿命（最长） Single flower life（longest）	10/3	10/17	15	/
群体花期 Groups of flowering	10/1	10/29	28	/
始花期 Beginning of flowering	/	/	/	10/1
盛花期 Full bloom	/	/	/	10/13
末花期 End of the flowering	/	/	/	10/29

器官名称 Organ name	长 Length /cm	宽（径长） Width /cm	器官名称 Organ name	长 Length /mm	宽 Width /mm
茎 Stem	77.70±8.08	8.16±0.61	花瓣 Petal	22.53±1.92	15.67±1.38
叶 Leaf	17.80±2.40	4.31±0.31	花粉 Pollen	2.74±0.19	2.37±0.18
中萼片 Dorsal sepal	2.13±0.19	1.29±0.10	柱头腔 Secretory cavity	3.13±0.156	3.02±0.14
子房 Length of ovary	5.22±0.47

开花时间 Flowering time	花粉活力 The pollen vitality /%	可授性检测结果描述 Description of acceptability test results	柱头可授性 Stigma receptivity
第1天	89.90±1.85A	少量气泡，有蓝色产生 A few bubbles，blue produced	－
第2天	90.40±1.98A	少量气泡，蓝色较浅 A few bubbles，lighter blue	+
第3天	89.70±0.90A	中量气泡，蓝色明显 Medium bubbles，very blue	++
第5天	76.40±3.57B	大量气泡，蓝色很深 Lots of bubbles，very dark blue	+++
第7天	60.80±3.41C	中量气泡，蓝色明显 Medium bubbles，very blue	++
第9天	23.70±1.41D	少量气泡，蓝色较浅 A few bubbles，lighter blue	+
第11天	6.50±0.60E	少量气泡，无蓝色产生 A few bubbles，no blue	－

检测项目 Test items	样本数量 n	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 C_V
种子长度 Seed length /mm	30	0.845	0.628	0.728	0.054	0.074
种子宽度 Seed width /mm	30	0.113	0.082	0.093	0.007	0.085
种子长/种子宽 Seed length/seed width	30	9.381	6.398	7.798	0.797	0.102
种子成胚率 Embryo formation rate of seeds /%	50	100.00	84.60	97.35	/	/
种子生活力Ⅰ Seed viability Ⅰ /%	50	100.00	66.67	90.80	/	/
种子生活力Ⅱ Seed viability Ⅱ /%	50	89.47	55.00	73.20	/	/

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