Bulletin of Botanical Research ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 361-377.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.02.014
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Xiaoyu XIE1, Ruizhu LIN2, Taijin ZHANG1, Ruixue WANG1, Hanshi WANG1, Jinwang ZHANG3, Long TIE3, Chunli ZHAO1, Xiyang ZHAO1, Kewei CAI1(
)
Received:2025-12-08
Online:2026-03-20
Published:2026-04-02
Contact:
Kewei CAI
E-mail:ckwnefu@163.com
CLC Number:
Xiaoyu XIE, Ruizhu LIN, Taijin ZHANG, Ruixue WANG, Hanshi WANG, Jinwang ZHANG, Long TIE, Chunli ZHAO, Xiyang ZHAO, Kewei CAI. Screening of Superior Families and Reconstruction of Kinship Trees in Populus simonii[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(2): 361-377.
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URL: https://bbr.nefu.edu.cn/EN/10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.02.014
Table 1
15 pairs of SSR primers for P. simonii
引物类别 Primer category | 正向引物序列(5′→3′) Forward primer sequence(5′→3′) | 反向引物序列(5′→3′) Reverse primer sequence(5′→3′) | 重复单元 Repetitive unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| SSR3 | TCCTTGCTAGTGGTTCCCA | TGCAAAACCCCAGCAAGC | (TAA)21 |
| SSR4 | CCCCTTTAACCTGATGCCCA | GCGGAGGCGGGTGTAAAA | (AAT)21 |
| SSR8 | CAGGTCCTGCTCACCCAA | CTGGTGAGGTGGGGTTCG | (ATA)19 |
| SSR13 | AGCGCCACTTTCCTTGCT | ACAAGCAGTCAACACACTCCA | (AAT)18 |
| SSR14 | TCACGAGGTTCGCATCACA | TCTAATCTCGAAACTGGGCAA | (TTA)18 |
| SSR22 | ACGTTGCCTCCGAGGATG | ACACACAGAAGTTGCTTGCA | (TTA)17 |
| SSR29 | GGCCTTGTCCTCTGCCAG | TCCAACCTCTACCCCCGA | (ATC)17 |
| SSR34 | AGCTTCTTGTGTGCCCTAAA | AATGGGGGTGAAGGCGTG | (GTAT)10 |
| SSR42 | CCCCCAGCCAATGATGCA | AGTCCATCCAGGCCGAGT | (AT)55 |
| SSR54 | ACTTGCATGCCGGCAGAT | CGGTGGTTGTGTTGTGTGG | (AT)49 |
| SSR62 | CCCCGAGGCCTAAAATGTT | GCTCCAAGCATTAGAGAGGAG | (TA)47 |
| SSR74 | ACAGACCGGGATTAGCATGG | CCAAAGGCATGCTGTCAGC | (AT)46 |
| SSR77 | AGGATTTGGGTTTGAGGGGAC | TGGCCGTATGCAACACACA | (AT)46 |
| SSR94 | ACCTCGCAAGCAATCTCCA | TGATGGGGTGGGGTCTCT | (TC)44 |
| SSR101 | GGTTGTTCGTTGCCCAGC | GGCACTACACTGCACTTTACC | (CT)43 |
Table 4
Analysis of variance for different traits of each family
性状 Trait | 变异来源 Variation source | 自由度 df | 均方 Mean square | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 苗高Seedling height/cm | 家系 | 19 | 33 735.233 | 136.664 | <0.01 |
| 地径Ground diameter/mm | 家系 | 19 | 347.674 | 82.379 | <0.01 |
| 鲜叶质量Fresh leaf mass/g | 家系 | 19 | 4.920 | 228.368 | <0.01 |
| 干叶质量Dry leaf mass/g | 家系 | 19 | 0.321 | 123.654 | <0.01 |
| 叶长Leaf length/cm | 家系 | 19 | 57.879 | 107.496 | <0.01 |
| 叶宽Leaf width/cm | 家系 | 19 | 105.951 | 225.383 | <0.01 |
| 叶柄长Petiole length/cm | 家系 | 19 | 79.113 | 87.309 | <0.01 |
| 叶面积Leaf area/cm2 | 家系 | 19 | 10 057.356 | 226.357 | <0.01 |
| 叶脉夹角Leaf vein angle/(°) | 家系 | 19 | 559.751 | 10.806 | <0.01 |
Table 5
Genetic variation analysis of different traits in each family
性状 Trait | 平均值 Average value | 变幅 Range | 标准差 Standard deviation | 遗传变异系数 CV,G/% | 表型变异系数 CV,P/% | 家系遗传力 h2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 苗高Seedling height/cm | 132.47 | 60.00~229.00 | 36.18 | 31.69 | 33.84 | 0.88 |
| 地径Ground diameter/mm | 13.25 | 5.89~24.51 | 3.89 | 32.09 | 35.64 | 0.81 |
| 鲜叶质量Fresh leaf mass/g | 0.98 | 0.40~1.98 | 0.34 | 51.91 | 54.08 | 0.92 |
| 干叶质量Dry leaf mass/g | 0.28 | 0.11~0.55 | 0.09 | 46.41 | 50.40 | 0.85 |
| 叶长Leaf length/cm | 8.69 | 5.50~11.12 | 1.28 | 19.99 | 21.70 | 0.85 |
| 叶宽Leaf width/cm | 7.85 | 4.53~12.67 | 1.57 | 30.01 | 31.25 | 0.92 |
| 叶柄长Petiole length/cm | 2.84 | 0.38~7.86 | 1.55 | 71.34 | 78.80 | 0.82 |
| 叶面积Leaf area/cm2 | 51.53 | 20.09~95.22 | 7.84 | 10.03 | 17.20 | 0.34 |
| 叶脉夹角Leaf vein angle/(°) | 46.82 | 20.32~76.26 | 15.33 | 49.04 | 51.06 | 0.92 |
Table 6
Correlation analysis of each trait
性状 Trait | 苗高 Seedling height | 地径 Ground diameter | 鲜叶质量 Fresh leaf mass | 干叶质量 Dry leaf mass | 叶长 Leaf length | 叶宽 Leaf width | 叶柄长 Petiole length | 叶脉夹角 Leaf vein angle |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
地径 Ground diameter | 0.875** | |||||||
鲜叶质量 Fresh leaf mass | 0.716** | 0.626** | ||||||
干叶质量 Dry leaf mass | 0.603** | 0.544** | 0.914** | |||||
叶长 Leaf length | 0.660** | 0.582** | 0.827** | 0.762** | ||||
叶宽 Leaf width | 0.724** | 0.599** | 0.922** | 0.819** | 0.756** | |||
叶柄长 Petiole length | 0.494** | 0.374** | 0.704** | 0.569** | 0.535** | 0.749** | ||
叶脉夹角 Leaf vein angle | 0.042 | 0.031 | 0.202** | 0.171** | 0.099** | 0.176** | 0.120** | |
叶面积 Leaf area | 0.736** | 0.620** | 0.950** | 0.856** | 0.868** | 0.946** | 0.699** | 0.199** |
Table 7
Principal component analysis of each trait
主要成分因子 Principal component factor | 主成分Ⅰ Principal component Ⅰ | 主成分Ⅱ Principal component Ⅱ | 主要成分因子 Principal component factor | 主成分Ⅰ Principal component Ⅰ | 主成分Ⅱ Principal component Ⅱ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
特征值 Eigenvalue | 5.968 | 1.011 | 干叶质量 Dry leaf mass | 0.859 | 0.026 |
贡献率 Contribution rate | 66.315 | 11.238 | 叶长 Leaf length | 0.861 | -0.070 |
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate | 66.315 | 77.553 | 叶宽 Leaf width | 0.939 | 0.055 |
苗高 Seedling height | 0.839 | -0.143 | 叶柄长 Petiole length | 0.688 | 0.045 |
地径 Ground diameter | 0.750 | -0.178 | 叶脉夹角 Leaf vein angle | 0.103 | 0.971 |
鲜叶质量 Fresh leaf mass | 0.960 | 0.053 | 叶面积 Leaf area | 0.968 | 0.060 |
Table 8
Qi values for each family
家系 Families | 生长性状 Growth traits | 叶片性状 Leaf traits | 生长与叶片性状联合选择 Combined selection of growth and leaf traits | 家系 Families | 生长性状 Growth traits | 叶片性状 Leaf traits | 生长与叶片性状联合选择 Combined selection of growth and leaf traits |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ps14 | 1.41 | 2.64 | 3.00 | Ps20 | 1.31 | 2.04 | 2.42 |
| Ps3 | 1.29 | 2.54 | 2.85 | Ps18 | 1.21 | 2.07 | 2.40 |
| Ps13 | 1.27 | 2.46 | 2.77 | Ps15 | 1.18 | 2.08 | 2.39 |
| Ps17 | 1.31 | 2.42 | 2.75 | Ps4 | 1.15 | 2.08 | 2.38 |
| Ps5 | 1.20 | 2.34 | 2.63 | Ps8 | 1.06 | 1.99 | 2.25 |
| Ps7 | 1.24 | 2.28 | 2.59 | Ps19 | 0.98 | 1.97 | 2.20 |
| Ps6 | 1.24 | 2.26 | 2.58 | Ps10 | 0.90 | 1.99 | 2.18 |
| Ps1 | 1.18 | 2.28 | 2.57 | Ps9 | 0.90 | 1.92 | 2.12 |
| Ps2 | 1.15 | 2.26 | 2.54 | Ps16 | 0.92 | 1.90 | 2.11 |
| Ps12 | 1.22 | 2.21 | 2.52 | Ps11 | 0.96 | 1.81 | 2.05 |
Fig.2
Electrophoresis images of selected parent and offspring PCR products amplified using highly polymorphic primersA. The electrophoresis results of PCR products obtained from several highly polymorphic primers and paternal DNA samples; M. DL 2 000 DNA marker; lanes 1 to 6 represented the PCR amplification products of primer SSR14 and paternal DNA; lanes 7 to 12 corresponded to the PCR amplification products of primer SSR22 and paternal DNA; lanes 13 to 18 displayed the PCR amplification products of primer SSR29 and paternal DNA. B. The electrophoresis results of PCR products derived from several highly polymorphic primers and offspring DNA samples; M. DL 2 000 DNA marker; lanes 1 to 6 represented the PCR amplification products of primer SSR34 and offspring DNA; lanes 7 to 12 corresponded to the PCR amplification products of primer SSR62 and offspring DNA; lanes 13 to 18 displayed the PCR amplification products of primer SSR54 and offspring DNA.
Table 9
EST-SSR primer polymorphism
引物 Primer | 观察等位基因 Na | 有效等位基因 Ne | 观测杂合度 Ho | 期望杂合度 He | 非偏差期望杂合度 Hue | Shannon多样性指数 I | 固定指数 Ffix | 多态信息含量 PIC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均值Mean | 24 | 6.61 | 0.57 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 2.24 | 0.31 | 0.82 |
| SSR3 | 18 | 6.13 | 0.50 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 2.11 | 0.41 | 0.82 |
| SSR4 | 20 | 4.16 | 0.52 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 2.07 | 0.32 | 0.75 |
| SSR8 | 18 | 8.31 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 2.36 | 0.02 | 0.87 |
| SSR13 | 15 | 4.88 | 0.66 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 2.03 | 0.17 | 0.78 |
| SSR14 | 14 | 4.69 | 0.73 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 1.91 | 0.07 | 0.77 |
| SSR22 | 12 | 4.98 | 0.77 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 1.79 | 0.03 | 0.77 |
| SSR29 | 15 | 4.72 | 0.64 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 1.76 | 0.19 | 0.76 |
| SSR34 | 11 | 5.19 | 0.69 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 1.87 | 0.14 | 0.78 |
| SSR42 | 30 | 10.88 | 0.56 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 2.69 | 0.39 | 0.90 |
| SSR54 | 50 | 8.93 | 0.42 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 2.75 | 0.53 | 0.88 |
| SSR62 | 39 | 4.12 | 0.29 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 2.13 | 0.61 | 0.74 |
| SSR74 | 36 | 12.14 | 0.31 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 2.91 | 0.66 | 0.91 |
| SSR77 | 26 | 6.26 | 0.25 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 2.50 | 0.70 | 0.83 |
| SSR94 | 35 | 6.90 | 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 2.39 | 0.06 | 0.84 |
| SSR101 | 28 | 6.83 | 0.51 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 2.29 | 0.41 | 0.84 |
Table 10
Identification result of the paternal parent of Ps14 family
父本 Male parent | 子代 Offspring | 置信水平 Pair confidence | 父本 Male parent | 子代 Offspring | 置信水平 Pair confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M-PS189 | O-PS42 | + | M-PS134 | O-PS80 | * |
| O-PS54 | * | O-PS9 | + | ||
| O-PS66 | + | O-PS69 | + | ||
| O-PS7 | + | O-PS93 | * | ||
| O-PS43 | + | O-PS47 | + | ||
| O-PS55 | * | O-PS24 | + | ||
| O-PS67 | + | O-PS36 | + | ||
| O-PS79 | + | O-PS84 | + | ||
| O-PS92 | + | O-PS96 | + | ||
| O-PS46 | + | O-PS37 | * | ||
| O-PS95 | + | O-PS73 | * | ||
| O-PS12 | + | O-PS97 | + | ||
| O-PS60 | * | O-PS51 | * | ||
| O-PS98 | + | O-PS28 | + | ||
| O-PS64 | + | M-PS59 | O-PS32 | * | |
| O-PS76 | + | O-PS34 | + | ||
| O-PS17 | * | O-PS13 | + | ||
| O-PS77 | + | O-PS74 | + | ||
| M-PS279 | O-PS4 | + | M-PS207 | O-PS1 | * |
| O-PS5 | * | O-PS10 | + | ||
| O-PS19 | * | O-PS59 | * | ||
| O-PS16 | + | O-PS65 | + | ||
| M-PS259 | O-PS22 | + | M-PS215 | O-PS58 | + |
| O-PS99 | + | O-PS86 | + | ||
| O-PS40 | + | O-PS15 | + | ||
| O-PS29 | + | O-PS63 | + | ||
| M-PS86 | O-PS6 | + | M-PS55 | O-PS33 | + |
| O-PS68 | + | O-PS70 | * | ||
| O-PS57 | * | O-PS61 | + | ||
| O-PS35 | + | O-PS85 | * | ||
| O-PS38 | * | O-PS26 | + | ||
| O-PS88 | + | M-PS263 | O-PS83 | * | |
| M-PS243 | O-PS20 | + | M-PS230 | O-PS56 | * |
| O-PS21 | + | O-PS48 | * | ||
| O-PS72 | + | O-PS53 | + | ||
| M-PS98 | O-PS90 | + | M-PS120 | O-PS18 | + |
| O-PS31 | + | O-PS101 | + | ||
| M-PS26 | O-PS25 | + | M-PS178 | O-PS81 | * |
| O-PS75 | + | O-PS41 | + | ||
| M-PS83 | O-PS78 | + | M-PS69 | O-PS44 | + |
| O-PS71 | + | O-PS87 | + | ||
| M-PS2 | O-PS50 | + | M-PS16 | O-PS30 | + |
| O-PS39 | + | O-PS23 | * | ||
| M-PS128 | O-PS8 | + | M-PS237 | O-PS2 | * |
| O-PS52 | + | M-PS250 | O-PS3 | * | |
| O-PS100 | + | M-PS248 | O-PS27 | + | |
| M-PS234 | O-PS45 | * | M-PS32 | O-PS14 | * |
| M-PS176 | O-PS94 | + | M-PS150 | O-PS89 | + |
| M-PS170 | O-PS91 | + | M-PS136 | O-PS82 | + |
| M-PS71 | O-PS49 | * | M-PS65 | O-PS62 | + |
Table 11
Contribution rate of male parent reproduction in each family
父本 Male parent | 子代数量 Number of offspring | 繁殖贡献率 Reproductive contribution rate/% | 父本 Male parent | 子代数量 Number of offspring | 繁殖贡献率 Reproductive contribution rate/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M-PS71 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS2 | 2 | 2.00 |
| M-PS65 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS178 | 2 | 2.00 |
| M-PS32 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS16 | 2 | 2.00 |
| M-PS263 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS120 | 2 | 2.00 |
| M-PS250 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS243 | 3 | 3.00 |
| M-PS248 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS230 | 3 | 3.00 |
| M-PS237 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS128 | 3 | 3.00 |
| M-PS234 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS59 | 4 | 4.00 |
| M-PS176 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS279 | 4 | 4.00 |
| M-PS170 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS259 | 4 | 4.00 |
| M-PS150 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS215 | 4 | 4.00 |
| M-PS136 | 1 | 1.00 | M-PS207 | 4 | 4.00 |
| M-PS98 | 2 | 2.00 | M-PS55 | 5 | 5.00 |
| M-PS83 | 2 | 2.00 | M-PS86 | 6 | 6.00 |
| M-PS69 | 2 | 2.00 | M-PS134 | 14 | 14.00 |
| M-PS26 | 2 | 2.00 | M-PS189 | 18 | 18.00 |
Table 12
Evaluation of growth performance in full-sib families
父本 Male parent | 子代数量 Number of offspring | 子代苗高均值 Mean seedling height of the offspring/cm | 子代地径均值 Mean ground diameter of the offspring/mm | Mean ground diameter | 综合评价得分 Qi | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M-PS243 | 3 | 234.00 | 23.10 | 76.64 | 74.34 | 2.00 |
| M-PS279 | 4 | 201.50 | 18.35 | 52.11 | 38.45 | 1.91 |
| M-PS259 | 4 | 232.00 | 21.86 | 75.13 | 64.94 | 1.76 |
| M-PS215 | 4 | 186.50 | 16.45 | 40.79 | 24.15 | 1.70 |
| M-PS207 | 4 | 168.00 | 17.15 | 26.82 | 29.43 | 1.67 |
| M-PS134 | 14 | 206.07 | 17.82 | 55.56 | 34.49 | 1.63 |
| M-PS55 | 5 | 185.50 | 15.31 | 40.03 | 15.53 | 1.59 |
| M-PS59 | 4 | 106.98 | 17.71 | -19.24 | 33.62 | 1.53 |
| M-PS230 | 3 | 191.67 | 15.54 | 44.69 | 17.28 | 1.53 |
| M-PS189 | 18 | 189.39 | 15.73 | 42.97 | 18.72 | 1.52 |
| M-PS86 | 6 | 144.83 | 14.46 | 9.33 | 9.13 | 1.32 |
| M-PS128 | 3 | 179.67 | 12.46 | 35.63 | -5.96 | 1.21 |
Table 13
General compatibility of growth traits of P. simonii full-sib families
父本 Male parent | 子代数量 Offspring number | 苗高一般配合力 GCA of seedling height/cm | 地茎一般配合力 GCA of ground diameter/mm | 父本 Male parent | 子代数量 Offspring number | 苗高一般配合力 GCA of seedling height/cm | 地茎一般配合力 GCA of ground diameter/mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M-PS243 | 3 | 48.49 | 5.94 | M-PS215 | 4 | 0.99 | -0.71 |
| M-PS259 | 4 | 46.49 | 4.70 | M-PS55 | 5 | -0.01 | -1.85 |
| M-PS134 | 14 | 20.56 | 0.66 | M-PS128 | 3 | -5.84 | -4.70 |
| M-PS279 | 4 | 15.99 | 1.19 | M-PS207 | 4 | -17.51 | -0.01 |
| M-PS230 | 3 | 6.16 | -1.62 | M-PS86 | 6 | -40.68 | -2.70 |
| M-PS189 | 18 | 3.88 | -1.43 | M-PS59 | 4 | -78.53 | 0.55 |
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