Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization on Growth and Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Populus cathayana × canadansis ‘Xinlin1’

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.01.009

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the effects of irrigation and fertilization on the growth and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Populus cathayana × canadansis ‘Xinlin1’， and to select the optimal measures of irrigation and fertilization for promoting the growth of ‘Xinlin1’， 10-year-old ‘Xinlin1’ poplar was used as material， and four irrigation levels ［-20 kPa（I₂₀）， -33 kPa（I₃₃）， -45 kPa（I₄₅）， unirrigated（I₀）］ and seven fertilization levels ［urea 500 g?plant^-1（N₁）， urea 1 000 g?plant^-1（N₂）， urea 1 500 g?plant^-1（N₃）， compound fertilizer 500 g?plant^-1（F₁）， compound fertilizer 1 000 g?plant^-1（F₂）， compound fertilizer 1 500 g?plant^-1（F₃） and control（CK）］ were set to determine the height， diameter at breast height（DBH）， leaf physiological and photosynthetic indexes of ‘Xinlin1’ poplar， respectively. The results showed that：（1）Irrigation and fertilization significantly increased the annual increment of DBH， tree height and volume. The highest annual increment of DBH， tree height and volume under I₂₀ irrigation was 18.6%， 40.6% and 60.6%， respectively， compared with no irrigation. The annual increase in DBH， tree height and volume per plant under F₂ fertilization were the largest， reaching 2.47 cm， 2.09 m and 0.097 m³， with an increase of 8.3%， 7.8% and 15.3% compared with no fertilization， respectively. I₂₀F₂ showed the largest growth rate， which was significantly higher than other treatments. （2）Irrigation and fertilization significantly increased chlorophyll content， soluble sugar content， soluble protein content， glutamine synthetase activity， nitrate reductase activity， net photosynthetic rate and stomata conductance. I₂₀F₂ treatment had the largest activities of soluble protein， glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase and net photosynthetic rate. （3）Correlation analysis showed that growth traits（DBH， tree height and annual volume increase） of ‘Xinlin1’ poplar were positively correlated with leaf physiological traits and net photosynthetic rate， and negatively correlated with intercellular CO₂ mole fraction. Irrigation and fertilization significantly changed the physiological characteristics of leaves， improved the photosynthetic capacity， and promoted the growth of ‘Xinlin1’ poplar. Under I₂₀F₂ treatment， the physiological indexes and net photosynthetic rate were the highest， and the tree growth reached the optimal level. Therefore， sufficient water supply（irrigation threshold was -20 kPa） and application of compound fertilizer 1 000 g?plant^-1 were the optimal measures to improve photosynthetic physiological characteristics and promote the growth of ‘Xinlin1’ poplar.

Key words: poplar, fertilization, irrigation, growth traits, physiology, photosynthetic characteristics

CLC Number:

Q945.11

Xiao LI, Hanshi WANG, Hongxing WANG, Luping JIANG, Zhongyi PANG, Yanhui PENG, Xiyang ZHAO. Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization on Growth and Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Populus cathayana × canadansis ‘Xinlin1’[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(1): 77-87.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

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Fig.1

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编号 No.	处理 Treatment	编号 No.	处理 Treatment
I₀CK	无灌溉、无肥	I₃₃CK	灌溉阈值-33 kPa、无肥
I₀N₁	无灌溉、尿素500 g·株^-1	I₃₃N₁	灌溉阈值-33 kPa、尿素500 g·株^-1
I₀N₂	无灌溉、尿素1 000 g·株^-1	I₃₃N₂	灌溉阈值-33 kPa、尿素1 000 g·株^-1
I₀N₃	无灌溉、尿素1 500 g·株^-1	I₃₃N₃	灌溉阈值-33 kPa、尿素1 500 g·株^-1
I₀F₁	无灌溉、复合肥500 g·株^-1	I₃₃F₁	灌溉阈值-33 kPa、复合肥500 g·株^-1
I₀F₂	无灌溉、复合肥1 000 g·株^-1	I₃₃F₂	灌溉阈值-33 kPa、复合肥1 000 g·株^-1
I₀F₃	无灌溉、复合肥1 500 g·株^-1	I₃₃F₃	灌溉阈值-33 kPa、复合肥1 500 g·株^-1
I₄₅CK	灌溉阈值-45 kPa、无肥	I₂₀CK	灌溉阈值-20 kPa、无肥
I₄₅N₁	灌溉阈值-45 kPa、尿素500 g·株^-1	I₂₀N₁	灌溉阈值-20 kPa、尿素500 g·株^-1
I₄₅N₂	灌溉阈值-45 kPa、尿素1 000 g·株^-1	I₂₀N₂	灌溉阈值-20 kPa、尿素1 000 g·株^-1
I₄₅N₃	灌溉阈值-45 kPa、尿素1 500 g·株^-1	I₂₀N₃	灌溉阈值-20 kPa、尿素1 500 g·株^-1
I₄₅F₁	灌溉阈值-45 kPa、复合肥500 g·株^-1	I₂₀F₁	灌溉阈值-20 kPa、复合肥500 g·株^-1
I₄₅F₂	灌溉阈值-45 kPa、复合肥1 000 g·株^-1	I₂₀F₂	灌溉阈值-20 kPa、复合肥1 000 g·株^-1
I₄₅F₃	灌溉阈值-45 kPa、复合肥1 500 g·株^-1	I₂₀F₃	灌溉阈值-20 kPa、复合肥1 500 g·株^-1

处理 Treatment	编号 No.	胸径年增量 DBH increment/（cm⋅a^-1）	树高年增量 Height increment/（m⋅a^-1）	材积年增量 Volume increment/（m³⋅a^-1）
灌溉 Irrigation	I₄₅	2.29±0.02^c	1.82±0.02^c	0.079±0.001^c
	I₃₃	2.44±0.02^b	2.10±0.02^b	0.093±0.001^b
	I₂₀	2.55±0.02^a	2.46±0.03^a	0.114±0.002^a
	I₀	2.15±0.02^d	1.75±0.02^c	0.071±0.001^d
	F	94.86***	168.52***	162.84***
施肥 Fertilization	N₁	2.32±0.02^c	2.07±0.03^ab	0.089±0.002^b
	N₂	2.34±0.02^bc	1.99±0.03^ab	0.089±0.002^b
	N₃	2.33±0.03^bc	2.04±0.04^ab	0.087±0.002^b
	F₁	2.36±0.02^ab	2.03±0.03^ab	0.090±0.002^b
	F₂	2.47±0.02^a	2.09±0.03^a	0.097±0.002^a
	F₃	2.41±0.02^ab	2.08±0.03^ab	0.095±0.002^ab
	CK	2.28±0.03^c	1.92±0.04^b	0.074±0.002^c
	F	7.55***	3.52**	14.78***
灌溉×施肥 Irrigation×fertilization	F	8.11***	9.11**	5.06***

处理 Treatment	编号 No.	叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content/（mg⋅g^-1）	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content/（mg⋅g^-1）	可溶性蛋白含量 Soluble protein content/（mg⋅g^-1）	谷氨酰胺合成酶活性（鲜质量） Glutamine synthetase activity/（U⋅g^-1）	硝酸还原酶活性（鲜质量） Nitrate reductase activity/（nmol⋅h^-1⋅g^-1）
灌溉 Irrigation	I₄₅	1.35±0.09^c	18.89±2.87^c	10.55±0.39^c	326.01±122.31^b	25.35±12.22^c
	I₃₃	1.49±0.12^b	20.55±2.13^b	10.30±0.74^c	333.03±188.64^b	29.74±12.97^b
	I₂₀	1.70±0.19^a	22.50±2.71^a	14.30±1.19^a	547.52±190.73^a	35.17±14.67^a
	I₀	1.40±0.13^c	17.44±2.10^d	11.18±1.14^b	226.93±64.06^c	18.15±7.39^d
	F	54.71***	65.12***	709.87***	303.62***	41.90***
施肥 Fertilization	N₁	1.49±0.18^a	20.85±3.49^ab	12.18±2.42^a	313.17±180.68^c	28.91±12.95^b
	N₂	1.53±0.22^a	22.38±2.39^a	11.52±1.81^bc	438.40±164.83^ab	25.73±8.54^b
	N₃	1.45±0.13^ab	20.50±3.57^b	11.20±0.94^cd	222.90±56.81^d	36.33±11.74^a
	F₁	1.57±0.24^a	18.68±1.95^cd	10.92±1.28^d	418.91±217.41^ab	29.71±12.47^b
	F₂	1.49±0.19^a	20.91±2.60^ab	12.09±2.24^a	402.89±167.56^b	31.54±15.78^ab
	F₃	1.50±0.17^a	17.75±2.13^d	11.76±2.13^b	453.80±139.87^a	27.77±10.42^b
	CK	1.36±0.16^b	17.86±2.37^cd	11.41±1.77^bc	258.55±111.11^d	9.72±3.92^c
	F	5.34***	24.43**	25.13***	81.72***	32.31***
灌溉×施肥 Irrigation×fertilization	F	3.71***	6.34**	25.88***	49.72***	11.26***

处理 Treatment	编号 No.	叶面积 L_A/cm²	蒸腾速率 T_r/（mmol⋅m^-2⋅s^-1）	净光合速率 P_n/（µmol⋅m^-2⋅s^-1）	胞间CO₂摩尔分数 C_i/（µmol⋅mol^-1）	气孔导度 G_s/（mol⋅m^-2⋅s^-1）
灌溉 Irrigation	I₄₅	29.61±4.40^ab	3.66±1.35^b	13.15±1.47^b	236.58±47.96^b	0.18±0.06^bc
	I₃₃	28.71±4.16^b	3.76±0.99^ab	13.42±1.08^b	257.93±31.77^a	0.21±0.07^a
	I₂₀	31.25±5.72^a	3.57±1.01^b	14.51±1.07^a	234.74±40.85^b	0.19±0.05^b
	I₀	30.38±5.24^ab	4.02±0.96^a	10.57±1.40^c	268.37±16.97^a	0.17±0.04^c
	F	4.03**	4.47**	185.93***	25.35***	10.83***
施肥 Fertilization	N₁	28.90±4.42^bc	3.27±0.97^d	12.52±2.02^bc	238.08±47.62^bc	0.17±0.06^bc
	N₂	29.56±4.43^abc	3.86±1.16^b	13.09±2.11^ab	255.03±42.47^ab	0.21±0.09^a
	N₃	29.09±4.14^bc	3.44±1.03^c	13.08±2.16^ab	230.46±48.55^c	0.16±0.04^c
	F₁	31.14±3.84^ab	4.00±0.52^b	12.66±1.47^b	260.04±32.47^a	0.20±0.03^ab
	F₂	32.25±5.94^a	4.64±1.28^a	13.64±1.54^a	262.67±11.24^a	0.22±0.05^a
	F₃	31.07±6.02^ab	3.78±0.95^bc	13.49±2.01^a	249.85±34.31^ab	0.19±0.05^ab
	CK	27.89±4.57^c	3.27±0.97^d	11.89±1.55^c	249.70±34.26^ab	0.17±0.05^bc
	F	4.67***	16.23***	13.81**	7.21***	10.73***
灌溉×施肥 Irrigation×fertilization	F	4.19***	12.81***	6.47**	12.02***	10.80***

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