Provenance Test of Pinus koraiensis in Different Types of Natural Secondary Forests in Xiaoxing’an Mountains

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2021.05.019

Abstract

Abstract:

The afforestation of Pinus koraiensis under canopy is an important management method to promote the transformation of natural secondary forest to broad-leaved Korean pine forest. For different tree species and composition ratio， the forest afforestation environment is very different in the diverse types of natural secondary forest. However， there was no research on the improvement of P. koraiensis varieties in Korean pine afforestation under canopy of natural secondary forest. In view of problems above， the provenance test of Korean pine was performed in different types of natural secondary forests， such as mixed forests， Poplar-brich forests， and hardwood forests， in Lilin experimental forest station of Xiaoxing’an mountains. The results showed that there were significant or extremely significant differences in diameter above ground， height， 7-year high growth， one-year high growth， and conservation rate of Korean pine provenances among different types of natural secondary forests； the Poplar-brich forests exhibited the best performances of Korean pine afforestation under canopy， followed by hard broad forest hardwood forests by turn； the Tieli was the superior provenance for afforestation in Poplar-brich forests and mixed forests， while the Wangqing provenance showed the best performance in the excellent provenance in hardwood forests.

Key words: Xiaoxing’an Mountains, Lilin Experimental Forest Station, type of natural secondary forests, Pinus koraiensis, provenance test, superior provenance

CLC Number:

S791.247

Zhi-Gang WEI, De-An XIA, Rui-Qi Wang, Yang ZHANG, Ying-Ying Liu, Ruo-Lin LI, Chuan-Ping YANG. Provenance Test of Pinus koraiensis in Different Types of Natural Secondary Forests in Xiaoxing’an Mountains[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2021, 41(5): 807-815.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Table 2

Statistical and analysis results of growth and adaptability of various sources of Korean pine after 3 years of afforestation under different forest types

林型 Forest type	种源 Provenance	地径 Diameter		树高 Height		当年高 Height of current year’s		3年高 Height of 3 years old		保存率 Height
林型 Forest type	种源 Provenance	均值 Mean value（cm）	变异系数 Coefficient of variation	均值 Mean value（cm）	变异系数 Coefficient of variation	均值 Mean value（cm）	变异系数 Coefficient of variation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation	均值 Mean value（cm）	变异系数 Coefficient of variation	均值 Mean value（cm）
杨桦林 Poplar-birch forest	白河Baihe	0.76	16.96	0.34	16.35	0.09	21.44	0.21	23.78	46.25	33.83
	本溪Benxi	0.72	11.27	0.41	10.63	0.08	24.50	0.22	26.93	26.25	69.01
	带岭Dailing	0.71	13.65	0.34	9.86	0.09	30.49	0.20	23.74	43.75	70.31
	敦化Dunhua	0.65	16.99	0.36	13.82	0.10	21.65	0.21	18.12	66.25	36.73
	鹤岗Hegang	0.83	12.46	0.36	9.91	0.08	19.25	0.20	24.35	57.50	41.25
	黑河Heihe	0.53	11.78	0.23	26.78	0.07	30.78	0.16	42.56	35.00	74.91
	金山屯Jinshantun	0.74	9.79	0.40	14.43	0.09	17.82	0.20	25.96	71.25	36.10
	汤原Tangyuan	0.74	8.37	0.39	11.89	0.08	24.04	0.21	23.84	51.25	43.71
	铁力Tieli	0.79	11.75	0.44	10.84	0.10	22.64	0.23	23.95	46.25	52.61
	汪清Wangqing	0.71	11.21	0.36	10.65	0.08	30.32	0.19	18.47	42.50	54.06
	均值Mean	0.72	12.42	0.36	13.52	0.09	24.29	0.20	25.17	48.63	51.25
硬阔林 Hardwood forest	白河Baihe	0.69	17.80	0.31	32.28	0.06	59.98	0.16	38.40	17.50	135.53
	本溪Benxi	0.63	3.67	0.30	29.71	0.04	38.57	0.10	43.65	7.50	224.98
	带岭Dailing	0.61	13.21	0.30	21.84	0.06	41.47	0.13	31.33	22.50	133.02
	敦化Dunhua	0.65	14.63	0.36	17.97	0.10	41.64	0.18	29.07	25.00	105.41
	鹤岗Hegang	0.85	12.15	0.42	20.31	0.11	49.31	0.21	24.62	32.50	96.28
	黑河Heihe	0.54	13.30	0.23	18.97	0.08	35.27	0.16	26.03	2.50	316.23
	金山屯Jinshantun	0.63	12.34	0.33	13.64	0.08	29.68	0.17	24.03	20.00	79.06
	汤原Tangyuan	0.66	19.97	0.33	10.89	0.08	41.03	0.15	32.75	27.50	116.97
	铁力Tieli	0.77	19.96	0.39	20.86	0.07	42.69	0.16	26.30	32.50	81.49
	汪清Wangqing	0.86	19.27	0.42	22.15	0.09	8.32	0.14	10.10	5.00	210.82
	均值Mean	0.69	14.63	0.34	20.86	0.08	38.80	0.16	28.63	19.25	149.98
杂木林 Mixed forest	白河Baihe	0.63	17.65	0.26	26.43	0.06	23.81	0.17	25.67	12.50	71.18
	本溪Benxi	0.69	20.87	0.37	23.40	0.07	17.68	0.20	38.51	11.00	79.60
	带岭Dailing	0.53	16.61	0.24	26.30	0.05	49.74	0.15	17.90	12.50	101.98
	敦化Dunhua	0.53	8.63	0.28	10.88	0.08	23.72	0.18	26.04	37.00	61.50
	鹤岗Hegang	0.72	11.64	0.28	19.05	0.06	31.01	0.17	22.77	22.50	68.09
	黑河Heihe	0.46	13.65	0.17	19.63	0.05	36.47	0.12	19.56	11.00	116.97
	金山屯Jinshantun	0.63	9.31	0.32	18.48	0.07	18.58	0.16	25.17	34.50	49.00
	汤原Tangyuan	0.63	19.24	0.28	14.03	0.06	33.59	0.16	18.43	18.00	70.76
	铁力Tieli	0.69	10.40	0.37	9.93	0.07	21.52	0.18	29.36	22.00	54.84
	汪清Wangqing	0.66	28.63	0.28	36.44	0.06	33.13	0.16	28.24	7.50	90.27
	均值Mean	0.62	15.66	0.29	20.46	0.06	28.93	0.17	25.17	18.85	76.42

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

References 33

1	侯红亚，王立海.小兴安岭阔叶红松林物种组成及主要种群的空间分布格局［J］.应用生态学报，2013，24（11）：3043-3049.
	Hou H Y，Wang L H.Species composition and main populations spatial distribution pattern in Korean pine broadleaved forest in Xiaoxing’an Mountains of Northeast China［J］.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology，2013，24（11）：3043-3049.
2	刘春龙，郭庆菊.小兴安岭林区生态保护存在的问题分析［J］.中外企业家，2016（25）：41-42.
	Liu C L，Guo Q J.Analysis on the problems of ecological protection in Xiaoxinganling forest［J］.Chinese and Foreign Entrepreneurs，2016（25）：41-42.
3	郭树平.小兴安岭阔叶红松林林分结构与修复［J］.森林工程，2014，30（6）：8-12.
	Guo S P.Stand structure and restoration in the broad leaved-Korean Pinus koraiensis mixed forest of Xiaoxing’ an Mountains［J］.Forest Engineering，2014，30（6）：8-12.
4	张泱，姜中珠，董希斌，等.小兴安岭林区低质林类型的界定与评价［J］.东北林业大学学报，2009，37（11）：99-102.
	Zhang Y，Jiang Z Z，Dong X B，et al.Classification and evaluation of low-quality forests in forest regions of Xiaoxing'an Mountains［J］.Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2009，37（11）：99-102.
5	许春菊，王琳，刘江滨.小兴安岭地区森林保护与生物多样性探析［J］.林业勘查设计，2006（3）：11-12.
	Xu C J，Wang L，Liu J B.Sthdy on Xiaoxing'an Maintains of protected forest areas and biodiversity［J］.Forest Investigation Design，2006（3）：11-12.
6	刘立波，王清君，张志环，等.水曲柳、胡桃楸等天然次生林生长情况调查［J］.林业科技开发，2012，26（1）：50-54.
	Liu L B，Wang Q J，Zhang Z H，et al.Analysis on the growth in Fraxinus mandshurica，Juglans mandshurica，etc secondary growth forests［J］.China Forestry Science and Technology，2012，26（1）：50-54.
7	叶林，李巍巍，马景财.小兴安岭过伐天然林结构特点及经营策略［J］.东北林业大学学报，2011，39（10）：114-116.
	Ye L，Li W W，Ma J C.Structural features and management strategy for over-logged forests in Xiaoxing' an Mountains［J］.Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2011，39（10）：114-116.
8	李寿明，安承哲.东北东部林区次生林经营技术［J］.北京农业，2013（33）：121.
	Li S M，An C Z.Management techniques of secondary forest in eastern forest of northeast China［J］.Beijing Agriculture，2013（33）：121.
9	杨晓惠，林文树，吴金卓.小兴安岭阔叶红松林物种-多度分布格局［J］.中南林业科技大学学报，2020，40（12）：104-113.
	Yang X H，Lin S W，Wu J Z.The species-abundance distribution pattern of broad-leaved Korean pine forest in the Lesser Khingan mountains［J］.Journal of Central South University of Forestry and Technology，2020，40（12）：104-113.
10	刘敏.中国东北红松生长对气候变化的响应及其动态研究［D］.哈尔滨：东北林业大学，2017.
	Liu M.Research of dynamic changes and responses of Korean pine growth under climate change in Northeastern China［D］.Harbin：Northeast Forestry University，2017.
11	刘少冲，段文标，冯静，等.林隙对小兴安岭阔叶红松林树种更新及物种多样性的影响［J］.应用生态学报，2011，22（6）：1381-1388.
	Liu S C，Duan W B，Feng J，et al.Effects of forest gap on tree species regeneration and diversity of mixed broadleaved Korean pine forest in Xiaoxing’an Mountains［J］.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology，2011，22（6）：1381-1388.
12	张龙俊，王卫平.天然次生林培育与顶极演替［J］.林业科技通讯，2000（8）：37-39.
	Zhang L J，Wang W P.Management of natural secondgrowth and chimax community succession［J］.Forest Science and Technology，2000（8）：37-39.
13	李志强.次生林的特点及经营管护技术［J］.现代农村科技，2021（1）：43.
	Li Z Q.Characteristics and management technology of secondary forest［J］.Modern Rural Science and Technology，2021（1）：43.
14	魏彪，戴福，殷霈瑶，等.黑龙江东南部天然次生林生长与收获模型研究［J］.福建林业科技，2019，46（3）：104-107.
	Wei B，Dai F，Yin P Y，et al.A growth and yield model of three types natural secondary forest in southeastern area of Heilongjiang Province［J］.Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology，2019，46（3）：104-107.
15	徐允.东北地区天然次生林主要林分类型直径分布的研究［D］.东北林业大学，2012.
	Xu Y.Study on the Main Forest Types Diameter Distribution of Natural Secondary Forest in Northeast ［D］.Harbin：Northeast Forestry University，2012.
16	尹杰，任晓旭，侯庚.天然次生林生态经营思想——栽针保阔［J］.防护林科技，2011（2）：52-54.
	Yin J，Ren X X，Hou G.Ecological-management thoughts on natural secondary forest-Planting coniferous species & protecting broadleaf species［J］.Protection Forest Science and Technology，2011（2）：52-54.
17	屈红军.东北林区阔叶红松林恢复途径与优化模式研究［D］.哈尔滨：东北林业大学，2008.
	Qu H J.Restoration approaches and optimization models of broad-leaved Korean pine forests in forest region Northeast，China［D］.Harbin：Northeast Forestry University，2008.
18	丛健.次生林下栽植红松经营研究进展［J］.绿色科技，2020（9）：44-45.
	Cong J.Research progress of management of Korean pine planted under secondary forest［J］.Journal of Green Science and Technology，2020（9）：44-45.
19	李俊清，李景文.中国东北小兴安岭阔叶红松林更新及其恢复研究［J］.生态学报，2003，23（7）：1268-1277.
	Li J Q，Li J W.Regeneration and restoration of broad-leaved Korean pine forests in Lesser Xing′an Mountains of Northeast China［J］.Acta Ecologica Sinica，2003，23（7）：1268-1277.
20	石福玲.天然次生林林冠下营造红松的探讨［J］.农技服务，2015，32（10）：149.
	Shi F L.Discussion on afforestation of Pinus koraiensis under canopy of natural secondary forest ［J］.Agricultural Technology Service，2015，32（10）：149.
21	张迅甫，何莲芝.天然次生林林冠下人工更新红松技术［J］.黑龙江农业科学，2013（8）：170-171.
	Zhang X F，He L Z.Artificial regeneration technology of Korean pine under canopy of natural secondary forest［J］.Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences，2013（8）：170-171.
22	周光.林下红松生存策略与季节光环境驱动机制［D］.北京：北京林业大学，2019.
	Zhou G.Survival strategy of understory Korean pine driven by seasonal light availability［D］.Beijing：Beijing Forestry University，2019.
23	杜洪业.环境异质性对阔叶红松林林下植被的影响［D］.北京：北京林业大学，2013.
	Du H Y.Effect of environmental heterogeneity on understory vegetation of broad-leaved Korean pine forest［D］.Beijing：Beijing Forestry University，2013.
24	段文标，王晶，李岩.红松阔叶混交林不同大小林隙小气候特征［J］.应用生态学报，2008，19（12）：2561-2566.
	Duan W B，Wang J，Li Y.Microclimatic characteristics of different size gaps in Pinus koraiensis-dominated broadleaved mixed forests［J］.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology，2008，19（12）：2561-2566.
25	沈海龙，丛健，张鹏，等.开敞度调控对次生林林冠下红松径高生长量和地上生物量的影响［J］.应用生态学报，2011，22（11）：2781-2791.
	Shen H L，Cong J，Zhang P，et al.Effect of opening degree regulation on diameter and height increment and aboveground biomass of Korean pine trees planted under secondary forest［J］.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology，2011，22（11）：2781-2791.
26	梁俊芳，王艳东，张梦良，等.天然次生林冠下营造红松试验初报［J］.吉林林业科技，2006，35（1）：32-34.
	Liang J F，Wang Y D，Zhang M L，et al.A trial report on planting Pinus koraiensis under the natural secondary forest［J］.Jilin Forestry Science and Technology，2006，35（1）：32-34.
27	吴连生，杨凤鸣，吴和平.次生林冠下红松造林技术［J］.吉林林业科技，2001，30（2）：58-60.
	Wu L S，Yang F M，Wu H P.Planting techniques of Pinus koraiensis under canopy of secondary forest［J］.Jilin Forestry Science and Technology，2001，30（2）：58-60.
28	夏德安，杨书文，杨传平，等.红松种源试验研究（Ⅰ）——种源的初步区划［J］.东北林业大学学报，1991（S2）：122-128.
	Xia D A，Yang S W，Yang C P，et al.A study on the provenance test of Pinus koraiensis （Ⅰ） preliminary division of the provenances［J］.Journal of Northeast Forestry University，1991（S2）：122-128.
29	寇锦，卢玉忠，王国义.红松优良种源基地建立与规划［J］.内蒙古林业调查设计，2009，32（2）：67-68，70.
	Kou J，Lu Y Z，Wang G Y.Establishing and planning of source base of fine variety of Pinus koraiensis［J］.Inner Mongolia Forestry Investigation and Design，2009，32（2）：67-68，70.
30	杨书文，杨传平，王秋玉，等.东北内蒙主要用材树种的种源选择［J］.东北林业大学学报，1993，21（4）：1-7.
	Yang S W，Yang C P，Wang Q Y，et al.The provenance selection of the important tree species in the northeast part of China and inner mongolia autonomous region［J］.Journal of Northeast Forestry University，1993，21（4）：1-7.
31	张丽，解放.丽林实验林场水土保持林的生态效益分析［J］.黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报，2011，24（2）：4-5，134.
	Zhang L，Jie F.Analysis of ecological benefit of soil and water conservation for Lilin experimental forest ［J］.Journal of Heilongjiang Vocational Institute of Ecological Engineering，2011，24（2）：4-5，134.
32	张敏，袁辉.拉依达（PauTa）准则与异常值剔除［J］.郑州工业大学学报，1997，18（1）：84-88.
	Zhang M，Yuan H.The PauTa criterion and rejecting the abnormal value［J］.Journal of Zhengzhou University of Technology，1997，18（1）：84-88.
33	陈晓阳，沈熙环.林木育种学［M］.北京：高等教育出版社，2005.
	Chen X Y，Shen X H.Forest tree breeding［M］.Beijing：Higher Education Press，2005.

变异来源 Source of variation	地径 Diameter		树高 Height		3年高 Height of 3 years old		当年高 Height of current year’s		保存率 Survival rate
变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 Degree of freedom	F	自由度 Degree of freedom	F	自由度 Degree of freedom	F	自由度 Degree of freedom	F	自由度 Degree of freedom	F
林型Forest type	2	25.15^**	2	41.12^**	2	23.30^**	2	25.85^**	2	61.19^**
种源Provenance	9	10.86^**	9	9.68^**	9	1.92	9	3.98^**	9	6.93^**
林型×种源 Forest type×Provenance	18	1.25	18	1.77^*	18	1.52	18	2.05^*	18	1.24
区组（林型） Block（forest type）	27	2.19^**	27	1.90^**	27	5.58^**	27	2.60^**	27	0.83
误差Error	170		169		146		170		243

林型 Type of forest	变异来源 Source of variation	地径 Diameter		树高 Height		3年高 Height of 3 years old		当年高 Height of current year’s		保存率 Survival rate
林型 Type of forest	变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 Degree of freedom	F	自由度 Degree of freedom	F	自由度 Degree of freedom	F	自由度 Degree of freedom	F	自由度 Degree of freedom	F
杨桦林 Poplar-birch forest	种源Provenance	9	8.36^**	9	13.81^**	9	1.67	9	2.49^*	9	3.48^**
杨桦林 Poplar-birch forest	误差Error	77		77		71		77		81
硬阔林 Hardwood forest	种源Provenance	9	4.41^**	9	2.36^*	9	1.36	9	1.61	9	1.96
硬阔林 Hardwood forest	误差Error	28		27		28		81		384
杂木林 Mixed forest	种源Provenance	9	5.57^**	9	7.15^**	9	2.18^*	9	2.84^**	9	6.68^**
杂木林 Mixed forest	误差Error	65		64		48		65		81

[1]	Hairui WEN, Yuchun YANG, Yue LIU, Chunjing JIAO, Jun WANG, Fang WANG, Yelei YANG, Yitong LI, Jie WANG. Responses of Non-structural Carbohydrates and Stoichiometric Characteristics of Pinus koraiensis to Thinning [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(2): 348-360.
[2]	Qingbin JIA, Xudong YAO, Guixiang JIN, Hongying YU, Yanxia LI. Genetic Variation Analysis of Radial Growth and Superior Family Selection in Korean Pine Half-Sib Families [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(1): 158-166.
[3]	Fang WANG, Yelei YANG, Changhua YUAN, Jun WANG, Wei WEI, Lin WU, Kuiyou LI, Kuiquan LI, Zhimin LU, Yuanxing WANG, Yuchun YANG. Variation Analysis of Growth Traits of Offspring and Superior Materials Selection of Pinus koraiensis [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(5): 816-826.
[4]	Yanyan PAN, Xiaoguang LI, Lijun LIU, Hong LI, Xin ZHONG, Yifei ZHANG. Response of Pinus Koraiensis Growth and Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activity to Lepista nuda Inoculation [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(3): 460-470.
[5]	Wenhui GUO, Yue WANG, Lin WU, Jianfei YANG, Ling YANG, Peng ZHANG, Haibo WU, Hailong SHEN. Effects of Exogenous Flavonoids on Embryogenic Callus Proliferation and Somatic Embryogenesis of Korean Pine [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(1): 130-138.
[6]	Yitong LUAN, Niansen LI, Lujing QIAO, Cunyong JU, Tijiu CAI, Peili SUN. Niches, Interspecific Associations and Community Stability of Dominant Tree Species of Piceakoraiensis-Abies nephrolepis-Pinus koraiensis Forest [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(5): 753-762.
[7]	Xuelai WANG, Xiaoting LIU, Liran WANG, Shitong LI, Taijin ZHANG, Jiafeng ZHANG, Jinghua XU, Guanzheng QU, Xiyang ZHAO. Coupling Evaluation of Growth and Wood Properties of Pinus koraiensis Half-sib Families [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(4): 554-564.
[8]	Yuhui REN, Shuai NIE, Chunxue PENG, Ling YANG, Hailong SHEN. Effects of Hormone Combinations, Carbon Source Type and Proliferation Cycle on Embryogenic Callus Proliferation of Pinus koraiensis [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(4): 704-712.
[9]	Fang WANG, Zhi-Min LU, Jun WANG, Shi-Kai ZHANG, Yu-Xi LI, Shao-Chen LI, Jian-Qiu ZHANG, Yu-Chun YANG. Photosynthetic and Stomatal Characteristics of Pinus koraiensis and P.sibirica under Low Temperature Stress [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2021, 41(2): 205-212.
[10]	LI Xiang, FAN Zuo-Yi, WANG Jing-Yuan, WANG Qi, LI Xi-Peng, WANG De-Qiu, KONG Ling-Yuan, CAO Sen-Lin, MENG Qing-Gang, ZHAO Xi-Yang. Codon Usage Bias of Chalcone Synthase Gene CHS in Pinus koraiensis [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2020, 40(3): 447-457.
[11]	ZHOU Xue-Yan, GAO Hai-Yan, LI Zhao-Min, ZHAO Yin-Kun, GE Li-Li, HOU Qing-Wen, DING Wen-Ya, ZHAO Xi-Yang. Evaluating Parents of Pinus koraiensis Seeds Orchard with Growth and Fruiting [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2020, 40(3): 376-385.
[12]	ZHANG Qin-Hui, WANG Hong-Wu, JIANG Guo-Yun, SHEN Guang, WANG Lian-Kui, LI Yan-Long, WANG Lei, WANG Li-Xiang, LI Yue-Ji, LI Rui, ZHAO Xi-Yang. Variation Analysis and Selection of Pinus koraiensis Half-sib Families [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2019, 39(4): 557-567.
[13]	SUI Li-Long, WANG Fang, ZHAO Quan-Hu, WANG Tai-Kun, JIANG Xin, WANG Jun, LU Zhi-Min, YANG Yu-Chun. Growth and Fruiting Characters of Different Pinus koraiensis Stands [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(6): 886-893.
[14]	JIANG Guo-Yun, JIANG Lu-Ping, SONG Shuang-Lin, WANG Jing-Yuan, WANG Qi, WANG Lian-Fu, ZHANG Peng, ZHAO Xi-Yang. Genetic Variance Analysis and Excellent Fruit-timber Families Selection of Half-sib Pinus koraiensis [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(5): 775-784.