Abstract: Karyotypes of four Roegneria species, R. aristiglumis Keng et S. L. Chen, R. breviglumis Keng, R. hongyuanensis L. B. Cai, and R. shandongensis (B. Salomon) J. L. Yang, Y. H. Zhou et Yen, were reported. The karyotype formulae of R. aristiglumis, R. breviglumis, R. hongyuanensis, R. shandongensis are 2n=4x=28=22m+6sm（2SAT）, 2n=4x=28=20m（2SAT）+8sm, 2n=4x=28=22m+6sm （2SAT）, 2n=4x=28=24m（2SAT）+4sm, respectively. The advance indexes which can reflect the evolutional levels of the four species were summarized. The phylogenetic relationships of the two sections in the macroscopic classification were enunciated. The results show that R. shandongensis is the most primitive, R. breviglumis is the most evolutive among the four species; and the Sect. Goulardia (Husnot) L. B. Cai might produce the Sect. Roegneria in the phylogenetic process of Roegneria C. Koch.

Key words: Roegneria C. Koch, karyotypy, evolution