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植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 939-951.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.06.011

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

峨眉山13种野生兰科植物花粉形态特征

何利钦1, 谷海燕1,2,3()   

  1. 1.四川省自然资源科学研究院,成都 610015
    2.野生植物四川省科技资源共享服务平台,成都 610015
    3.峨眉山生物多样性四川省野外科学观测研究站,峨眉山 614203
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-12 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-27
  • 通讯作者: 谷海燕 E-mail:49063450@qq.com
  • 作者简介:何利钦(1988—),女,副研究员,主要从事资源植物保育研究。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省自然科学基金项目(2024NSFSC0415)

Pollen Morphological Characteristics of 13 Wild Orchids in Mount Emei, China

Liqin HE1, Haiyan GU1,2,3()   

  1. 1.Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resources Research,Chengdu 610015
    2.Wild Plant Sharing and Service Plantform of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610015
    3.Emeishan Biodiversity Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province,Emeishan 614203
  • Received:2025-05-12 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-27
  • Contact: Haiyan GU E-mail:49063450@qq.com

摘要:

以峨眉山兰科(Orchidaceae)10属13种野生兰花的花粉为材料,利用体式显微镜和扫描电镜观察比较花粉形态特征,为兰科植物的孢粉学及分类研究提供试验依据。结果表明:峨眉山13种野生兰科植物花粉形态呈现出丰富的多样性,首次展示了槽舌兰属(Holcoglossum)、齿唇兰属(Odontochilus)、菱兰属(Rhomboda)3个属中物种的花粉形态特征。花粉团的性质(粒粉质、蜡质)、质地(颗粒状花粉团、可分离的花粉团、坚硬花粉团)、数量(2、4、8)、形态(似马蹄状、月牙形、倒卵形、球形、倒披针形、棒形等)及表面结构(光滑不平整、颗粒状、凹凸不平、条纹状、条片状等),散粉单元(四合花粉、花粉小块、花粉团)及其外壁纹饰(穴状、细网状、纹孔状、粗网状、细孔状、光滑等)等特征在属间差别大,而属内不同种花粉特征具有共同特性,亦存在特异性,虾脊兰属(Calanthe)4个物种在花粉团的表面结构和散粉单元的外壁纹饰方面具有明显差异。研究表明,花粉形态特征是兰科植物亲缘关系较近的属间及属内物种鉴定的重要依据。峨眉山兰科植物分化强烈,濒危及特有物种比例高,应加大该区域兰科植物花粉特征的多样性研究。

关键词: 野生兰科植物, 花粉团, 花粉小块, 四合花粉, 表面结构, 外壁纹饰, 峨眉山

Abstract:

In order to provide experimental basis for palynological and taxonomic studies of Orchidaceae, pollen morphological characteristics of 13 wild orchids from 10 genera in Mount Emei were investigated and compared by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated the rich diversity of pollen morphology of wild orchids in Mount Emei, and the pollen morphology of species from three genera, HolcoglossumOdontochilus and Rhomboda were demonstrated for the first time. The properties of pollinium (granular, waxy), texture (granular pollinium, separable pollinium,hard pollinium), number (2,4,8), morphology (e.g., horseshoe shaped, crescent-shaped, obovoid, spherical, oblanceolate, clavate, etc.), surface structure (smooth but uneven, granular, rough, stripy, laminated, etc.) of pollinia, as well as the pollen dispersal units (tetrahedral pollen, massulae, pollinium) and their exine ornamentation (foveolate, fine reticulate, pitted, coarse reticulate, fine punctate, smooth, etc.) varied greatly among genera, while the pollen morphological characteristics of different species within the same genus shared certain features, but there were also specificities. There were significant differences in surface structure of pollinia and exine ornamentation of pollen dispersal units among the four species of the genus Calanthe. The results showed that pollen morphological characteristics was an important basis for identifying closely related species within and between genera of Orchidaceae. There was strong differentiation of orchids in Mount Emei, with a high proportion of endangered and endemic species. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen research on the diversity of pollen characteristics of wild orchids in this area.

Key words: wild orchids, pollinium, massulae, tetrads, surface structure, exine ornamentation, Mount Emei

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