植物研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 448-458.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.03.014
甄熙1,2, 刘旭洋3, 李文杰4, 张峰2, 苏玥2, 肖瑶2, 张杰2, 宛涛1()
收稿日期:
2023-10-08
出版日期:
2024-05-20
发布日期:
2024-05-14
通讯作者:
宛涛
E-mail:wantao425@sohu.com
作者简介:
甄熙(1987—),女,博士研究生,主要从事罗布麻生态适应性研究。
基金资助:
Xi ZHEN1,2, Xuyang LIU3, Wenjie LI4, Feng ZHANG2, Yue SU2, Yao XIAO2, Jie ZHANG2, Tao WAN1()
Received:
2023-10-08
Online:
2024-05-20
Published:
2024-05-14
Contact:
Tao WAN
E-mail:wantao425@sohu.com
摘要:
罗布麻(Apocynum venetum)是我国重要的野生种质资源,研究罗布麻群落特征及其与环境因子的关系,对罗布麻种质资源保护和合理开发利用具有重要意义。该研究以分布于甘肃省金塔县、民勤县、内蒙古杭锦旗、扎鲁特旗和吉林省白城市的野生罗布麻为研究对象,以其群落组成和生境特征为研究基础,分析生物多样性及其与气候因子的关系,解析影响罗布麻群落变化的环境因子。结果表明:不同地区罗布麻样地生物多样性存在差异,5个样地物种多样性由高到低依次为扎鲁特旗、民勤县、白城市、金塔县、杭锦旗,扎鲁特旗生物多样性最高(H=2.591,D=2.511,E=0.796,R1=44.833,R2=6.423),杭锦旗生物多样性最低(H=1.173,D=0.915,E=0.564,R1=3.641,R2=1.968)。罗布麻群落物种多样性主要与降水、温度和蒸发量密切相关,尤其丰富度指数与 5—7月的降水量显著正相关,可见生长季的降水量对群落物种多样性具有重要意义。
中图分类号:
甄熙, 刘旭洋, 李文杰, 张峰, 苏玥, 肖瑶, 张杰, 宛涛. 罗布麻群落特征及其与气候因子的关系[J]. 植物研究, 2024, 44(3): 448-458.
Xi ZHEN, Xuyang LIU, Wenjie LI, Feng ZHANG, Yue SU, Yao XIAO, Jie ZHANG, Tao WAN. Characteristics of Apocynum venetum Community and Its Relationship to Climatic Factors[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(3): 448-458.
表1
试验区罗布麻种群样地信息
序号 No. | 调查地点 Investigation site | 纬度 Latitude(N) | 经度 Longitude(E) | 海拔 Altitude/m | 降水量 Precipitation/ mm | 蒸发量 Evaporation/ mm | 土壤类型 Soil type | 植被类型 Vegetation type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 甘肃省金塔县 Jinta County,Gansu | 40°19′ | 99°27′ | 1 100 | 62.9 | 2 538.6 | 灰棕漠土 Grey brown desert soil | 荒漠植被 Desert vegetation |
2 | 甘肃省民勤县 Minqin County,Gansu | 38°35′ | 102°58′ | 1 370 | 113.2 | 2 675.6 | 灰棕漠土 Grey brown desert soil | 荒漠植被 Desert vegetation |
3 | 内蒙古杭锦旗 Hangjinqi,Inner Mongolia | 40°35′ | 108°44′ | 1 010 | 277.2 | 2 486.0 | 栗钙土 Chestnut soil | 荒漠草原 Desert steppe |
4 | 内蒙古扎鲁特旗 Zhaluteqi,Inner Mongolia | 44°34′ | 120°57′ | 290 | 411.2 | 1 800.0 | 草甸土 Meadow soil | 灌丛草原植被 Shrub grassland vegetation |
5 | 吉林省白城市 Baicheng City,Jilin | 45°47′ | 123°0′ | 140 | 416.2 | 1 747.2 | 草甸土 Meadow soil | 草甸草原 Grassland vegetation |
表2
罗布麻群落物种组成
科 Family | 属 Genus | 种 Species | 生活型 Life form |
---|---|---|---|
菊科 Asteraceae | 花花柴属Karelinia | 花花柴Karelinia caspia | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous |
莴苣属Lactuca | 乳苣Lactuca tatarica | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
蒿属Artemisia | 艾Artemisia argyi | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
蒿属Artemisia | 茵陈蒿Artemisia capillaris | 半灌木Subshrub | |
蒿属Artemisia | 狭叶青蒿Artemisia dracunculus | 半灌木Subshrub | |
蒿属Artemisia | 青蒿Artemisia caruifolia | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous | |
苦苣菜属Sonchus | 苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus | 一年生或二年生草本Annual or biennial herb | |
猫儿菊属Hypochaeris | 猫儿菊Hypochaeris ciliata | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
鸦葱属Takhtajaniantha | 鸦葱Takhtajaniantha austriaca | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
蒿属Artemisia | 铁杆蒿Artemisia gmelinii | 半灌木Subshrub | |
蒿属Artemisia | 猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia | 多年生草本或近一、二年生草本 Perennial herbaceous or annual herbaceous | |
火绒草属Leontopodium | 火绒草Leontopodium leontopodioides | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
小苦荬属Ixeris | 山苦荬Ixeris chinensis | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
禾本科 Poaceae | 穇属Eleusine | 牛筋草Eleusine indica | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous |
芦苇属Phragmites | 芦苇Phragmites australis | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
赖草属Leymus | 羊草Leymus chinensis | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
雀麦属Bromus | 无芒雀麦Bromus inermis | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
画眉草属Eragrostis | 画眉草Eragrostis pilosa | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous | |
狗尾草属Setaria | 狗尾草Setaria viridis | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous | |
隐子草属Cleistogenes | 无芒隐子草Cleistogenes songorica | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
虎尾草属Chloris | 虎尾草Chloris virgata | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous | |
隐子草属Cleistogenes | 糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
马唐属Digitaria | 止血马唐Digitaria ischaemum | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous | |
隐子草属Cleistogenes | 中华隐子草Cleistogenes hackelii | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
针茅属Stipa | 大针茅Stipa grandis | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
豆科 Leguminosae | 甘草属Glycyrrhiza | 甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous |
胡枝子属Lespedeza | 胡枝子Lespedeza bicolor | 灌木Shrub | |
胡枝子属Lespedeza | 达乌里胡枝子Lespedeza davurica | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
草木樨属Melilotus | 黄花草木樨Melilotus officinalis | 二年生草本Biennial herb | |
野豌豆属Vicia | 野豌豆Vicia sepium | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
野豌豆属Vicia | 歪头菜Vicia unijuga | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
骆驼刺属Alhagi | 骆驼刺Alhagi camelorum | 半灌木Subshrub | |
苜蓿属Medicago | 紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
槐属Sophora | 苦豆子Sophora alopecuroides | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
藜科 Chenopodiaceae | 猪毛菜属Salsola | 猪毛菜Salsola collina | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous |
地肤属Kochia | 地肤Bassia scoparia | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous | |
藜属Chenopodium | 藜Chenopodium album | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous | |
藜属Chenopodium | 灰绿藜Oxybasis glauca | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous | |
雾冰藜属Bassia | 雾冰藜Grubovia dasyphylla | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous | |
滨藜属Atriplex | 西伯利亚滨藜Atriplex sibirica | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous | |
虫实属Corispermum | 兴安虫实Corispermum chinganicum | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous | |
虫实属Corispermum | 华虫实Corispermum stauntonii | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous | |
藜属Chenopodium | 尖头叶藜Chenopodium acuminatum | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous | |
蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 委陵菜属Potentilla | 菊叶委陵菜Potentilla tanacetifolia | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous |
委陵菜属Potentilla | 委陵菜Potentilla chinensis | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
茄科 Solanaceae | 枸杞属Lycium | 宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum | 灌木Shrub |
牻牛儿苗科 Geraniaceae | 老鹳草属Geranium | 老鹳草Geranium wilfordii | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous |
牻牛儿苗属Erodium | 牻牛儿苗Erodium stephanianum | 一年生或二年生草本Annual or biennial herb | |
百合科 Liliaceae | 葱属Allium | 山韭Allium senescens | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous |
知母属Anemarrhena | 知母Anemarrhena asphodeloides | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
莎草科 Cyperaceae | 薹草属Carex | 橘红薹草Carex testacea | |
薹草属Carex | 脚薹草Carex pediformis | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
薹草属Carex | 寸草Carex duriuscula | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
十字花科 Brassicaceae | 独行菜属Lepidium | 独行菜Lepidium apetalum | 一年生或二年生草本Annual or biennial herb |
旋花科 Convolvulaceae | 虎掌藤属Ipomoea | 牵牛Ipomoea nil | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous |
旋花属Convolvulus | 银灰旋花Convolvulus ammannii | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous | |
萝藦科 Asclepiadaceae | 鹅绒藤属Cynanchum | 地梢瓜Cynanchum thesioides | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous |
葡萄科 Vitaceae | 地锦属Parthenocissus | 地锦 Parthenocissus tricuspidata | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous |
夹竹桃科 Apocynaceae | 罗布麻属Apocynum | 罗布麻Apocynum venetum | 半灌木Subshrub |
紫草科 Boraginaceae | 砂引草属Messerschmidia | 砂引草Tournefortia sibirica | 多年生草本Perennial herbaceous |
蒺藜科 Zygophyllaceae | 蒺藜属Tribulus | 蒺藜Tribulus terrestris | 一年生草本Annual herbaceous |
表3
罗布麻群落主要植物优势度
样地 Plot | 物种名称 Species | 相对高度 Relative height | 相对频度 Relative frequency | 相对多度 Relative abundance | 相对盖度 Relative cover | 优势度 Dominance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
金塔县 Jinta County | 牛筋草Eleusine indica | 8.14 | 17.86 | 59.92 | 35.81 | 30.43 |
罗布麻Apocynum venetum | 13.48 | 32.14 | 12.81 | 40.35 | 24.70 | |
花花柴Karelinia caspia | 8.78 | 14.29 | 9.09 | 12.10 | 11.06 | |
艾Artemisia argyi | 13.52 | 7.14 | 12.40 | 6.98 | 10.01 | |
藜Chenopodium album | 10.29 | 7.14 | 1.24 | 1.15 | 4.96 | |
牵牛Ipomoea nil | 11.05 | 3.57 | 0.83 | 0.04 | 3.87 | |
紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa | 9.62 | 3.57 | 0.83 | 0.65 | 3.67 | |
甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis | 8.02 | 3.57 | 0.83 | 1.55 | 3.49 | |
乳苣Lactuca tatarica | 5.52 | 3.57 | 1.24 | 1.05 | 2.85 | |
地肤Bassia scoparia | 7.13 | 3.57 | 0.41 | 0.23 | 2.84 | |
猪毛菜Salsola collina | 4.46 | 3.57 | 0.41 | 0.10 | 2.13 | |
民勤县 Minqin County | 芦苇Phragmites australis | 18.64 | 9.89 | 36.10 | 25.46 | 22.53 |
罗布麻Apocynum venetum | 21.61 | 9.89 | 5.11 | 14.02 | 12.66 | |
画眉草Eragrostis pilosa | 7.99 | 9.89 | 6.07 | 10.82 | 8.69 | |
苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus | 4.05 | 9.89 | 7.51 | 8.09 | 7.39 | |
虎尾草Chloris virgata | 6.41 | 3.30 | 3.04 | 6.21 | 4.74 | |
灰绿藜Oxybasis glauca | 5.02 | 7.69 | 4.31 | 2.07 | 4.77 | |
蒺藜Tribulus terrestris | 6.41 | 5.49 | 4.31 | 0.29 | 4.13 | |
无芒隐子草Cleistogenes songorica | 5.80 | 6.59 | 7.35 | 5.76 | 6.37 | |
狗尾草Setaria viridis | 6.48 | 9.89 | 6.39 | 7.51 | 7.57 | |
猪毛菜Salsola collina | 7.60 | 7.69 | 6.23 | 1.83 | 5.84 | |
西伯利亚滨藜Atriplex sibirica | 4.95 | 9.89 | 7.35 | 7.05 | 7.31 | |
雾冰藜Grubovia dasyphylla | 1.88 | 9.89 | 6.23 | 10.99 | 7.25 | |
杭锦旗 Hangjinqi | 芦苇Phragmites australis | 26.95 | 31.03 | 57.01 | 55.01 | 42.50 |
乳苣Lactuca tatarica | 4.37 | 20.69 | 24.18 | 26.64 | 18.97 | |
罗布麻Apocynum venetum | 11.65 | 20.69 | 4.03 | 9.71 | 11.52 | |
苦豆子Sophora alopecuroides | 12.67 | 6.90 | 1.15 | 4.08 | 6.20 | |
黄花草木樨Melilotus officinalis | 18.01 | 3.45 | 0.19 | 0.49 | 5.54 | |
宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum | 9.80 | 3.45 | 0.38 | 2.25 | 3.97 | |
猪毛菜Salsola collina | 5.78 | 6.90 | 0.77 | 0.43 | 3.47 | |
扎鲁特旗 Zhaluteqi | 罗布麻Apocynum venetum | 19.07 | 10.00 | 15.24 | 4.29 | 12.15 |
芦苇Phragmites australis | 11.40 | 10.00 | 17.90 | 3.07 | 10.59 | |
大针茅 Stipa grandis | 14.94 | 7.78 | 4.00 | 11.04 | 9.44 | |
羊草Leymus chinensis | 5.31 | 8.89 | 16.95 | 4.90 | 9.01 | |
猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia | 1.55 | 8.89 | 5.71 | 13.49 | 7.41 | |
脚薹草Carex pediformis | 8.26 | 3.33 | 3.43 | 9.20 | 6.05 | |
中华隐子草Cleistogenes hackelii | 4.72 | 6.67 | 2.86 | 6.13 | 5.09 | |
止血马唐Digitaria ischaemum | 1.10 | 3.33 | 9.52 | 6.13 | 5.02 | |
达乌里胡枝子Lespedeza davurica | 3.24 | 6.67 | 2.29 | 3.68 | 3.97 | |
华虫实Corispermum stauntonii | 1.06 | 1.11 | 4.76 | 6.13 | 3.27 | |
银灰旋花Convolvulus ammannii | 2.36 | 2.22 | 1.33 | 4.90 | 2.70 | |
火绒草Leontopodium leontopodioides | 1.77 | 3.33 | 2.29 | 3.07 | 2.61 | |
知母Anemarrhena asphodeloides | 2.56 | 1.11 | 0.38 | 6.13 | 2.54 | |
地锦Parthenocissus tricuspidata | 0.39 | 4.44 | 2.67 | 1.84 | 2.34 | |
狗尾草Setaria viridis | 1.20 | 4.44 | 1.90 | 0.61 | 2.04 | |
山韭Allium senescens | 3.54 | 1.11 | 0.38 | 3.07 | 2.02 | |
尖头叶藜Chenopodium acuminatum | 0.63 | 2.22 | 2.29 | 2.45 | 1.90 | |
寸草Carex duriuscula | 2.56 | 2.22 | 0.95 | 1.84 | 1.89 | |
砂引草Tournefortia sibirica | 2.20 | 2.22 | 1.14 | 1.84 | 1.85 | |
猪毛菜Salsola collina | 3.72 | 1.11 | 0.19 | 1.84 | 1.71 | |
虎尾草Chloris virgata | 1.36 | 2.22 | 1.71 | 1.23 | 1.63 | |
糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa | 0.90 | 2.22 | 0.95 | 1.23 | 1.33 | |
地梢瓜Cynanchum thesioides | 2.60 | 1.11 | 0.19 | 0.61 | 1.13 | |
山苦荬Ixeris chinensis | 1.77 | 1.11 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.78 | |
兴安虫实Corispermum chinganicum | 0.83 | 1.11 | 0.57 | 0.61 | 0.78 | |
牻牛儿苗Erodium stephanianum | 0.96 | 1.11 | 0.19 | 0.61 | 0.72 | |
白城市 Baicheng City | 芦苇Phragmites australis | 5.40 | 13.73 | 6.20 | 53.10 | 19.60 |
罗布麻Apocynum venetum | 5.29 | 17.65 | 41.94 | 4.66 | 17.38 | |
茵陈蒿Artemisia capillaris | 4.97 | 15.69 | 10.12 | 30.29 | 15.27 | |
青蒿Artemisia caruifolia | 6.60 | 7.84 | 18.39 | 1.31 | 8.53 | |
野豌豆Vicia sepium | 5.10 | 5.88 | 8.68 | 1.84 | 5.37 | |
铁杆蒿Artemisia gmelinii | 6.95 | 5.88 | 5.99 | 0.65 | 4.87 | |
羊草Leymus chinensis | 5.56 | 9.80 | 2.48 | 0.12 | 4.49 | |
胡枝子Lespedeza bicolor | 5.55 | 5.88 | 0.62 | 2.88 | 3.73 | |
鸦葱Takhtajaniantha austriaca | 3.69 | 3.92 | 0.41 | 2.84 | 2.72 | |
猫儿菊Hypochaeris ciliata | 2.52 | 5.88 | 1.65 | 0.19 | 2.56 | |
无芒雀麦Bromus inermis | 7.60 | 1.96 | 0.21 | 0.11 | 2.47 | |
苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus | 1.95 | 3.92 | 0.62 | 0.82 | 1.83 | |
委陵菜Potentilla chinensis | 1.81 | 1.96 | 0.62 | 1.19 | 1.40 |
表4
不同样地罗布麻群落多样性
样地 Plot | 物种多样性(H) Shannon-Wiener | 生态优势度(D) Simpson | 丰富度指数(R1) Gleason | 丰富度指数(R2) Margalef | 均匀度指数(E) Pielou |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
金塔县Jinta County | 1.333 | 0.917 | 5.006 | 2.552 | 0.556 |
民勤县Minqin County | 2.283 | 2.516 | 5.461 | 2.826 | 0.919 |
杭锦旗Hangjinqi | 1.173 | 0.915 | 3.641 | 1.968 | 0.564 |
扎鲁特旗Zhaluteqi | 2.591 | 2.511 | 11.833 | 6.423 | 0.796 |
白城市Baicheng City | 1.818 | 1.568 | 9.558 | 5.672 | 0.597 |
表5
罗布麻群落生物多样性与环境因子关系
环境因子 Environmental factor | 物种多样性 Shannon-Wiener(H) | 生态优势度 Simpson(D) | 丰富度指数 Gleason(R1) | 丰富度指数 Margalef(R2) | 均匀度指数 Pielou(E) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
年平均气温Annual average temperature | -0.578 | -0.449 | -0.296 | -0.448 | -0.776 |
气温年较差Annual temperature range | 0.968** | 0.765 | 0.684 | 0.860 | 0.610 |
平均相对湿度Average relative humidity | 0.499 | 0.384 | 0.554 | 0.495 | 0.757 |
5月平均气温Average temperature in May | 0.627 | 0.718 | 0.202 | 0.580 | -0.159 |
5月降水量Precipitation in May | 0.793 | 0.856 | 0.275 | 0.705 | 0.118 |
6月平均气温Average temperature in June | -0.160 | -0.152 | -0.175 | -0.155 | -0.537 |
6月降水量Precipitation in June | 0.966** | 0.876 | 0.549 | 0.853 | 0.583 |
7月平均气温Average temperature in July | 0.516 | 0.579 | 0.308 | 0.533 | -0.259 |
7月降水量Precipitation in July | 0.460 | 0.537 | -0.220 | 0.282 | 0.029 |
8月平均气温Average temperature in August | -0.251 | -0.219 | 0.045 | -0.127 | -0.545 |
8月降水量Precipitation in August | 0.739 | 0.727 | 0.234 | 0.601 | 0.506 |
9月平均气温Average temperature in September | 0.123 | 0.243 | 0.107 | 0.205 | -0.559 |
9月降水量Precipitation in September | -0.638 | -0.572 | -0.408 | -0.597 | 0.005 |
年平均降水量Annual average precipitation | 0.677 | 0.713 | 0.141 | 0.545 | 0.388 |
有机质含量Soil organic content | 0.315 | 0.678 | 0.509 | 0.577 | -0.179 |
速效磷含量Available phosphorus content | -0.296 | -0.643 | -0.537 | -0.565 | 0.136 |
速效钾含量Available potasium content | 0.524 | 0.595 | 0.818 | 0.703 | 0.419 |
pH | 0.643 | 0.353 | 0.805 | 0.629 | 0.699 |
电导率Electrical conductivity | -0.129 | -0.186 | 0.269 | -0.036 | 0.446 |
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