秦岭兰科植物地理区系特征

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2020.01.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 秦岭是中国野生兰科植物最为丰富和区系分化率最高的地区之一，但是有关该地区兰科植物的系统整理尚未见到，本研究为秦岭兰科植物资源保护提供基础数据支持，为今后秦岭国家公园建设和生物的重点区域进行了补充调查和标本采集，形成了秦岭地区兰科植物名录，依据中国种子植物分布区类型的划分方法以及GIS软件，分析它们的属种特征、区系成分以及空间分布格局。秦岭兰科植物有52属149种，其中中国特有种70种，占总种数的47%；生活型有地生型、附生型、半附生型和腐生型，以地生型为主；秦岭兰科植物主要分布在海拔800~3 400 m；热点地区为陇南西南山地、太白-佛坪山地、伏牛山地。同时，在区系分析的基础上，提出秦岭兰科植物的区系特征，发现：（1）种类丰富，温带性质显著；（2）起源古老，新老兼并；（3）特有成分繁多；（4）珍稀濒危保护植物聚集；（5）丰富度随生境的变化而不同。秦岭兰科植物地理区系研究为植物生物多样性的保护提供基础数据支持，在秦岭植物多样性研究方面具有一定的意义。

关键词: 秦岭, 中国特有, 区系, 分布格局, 兰科植物

Abstract: The Qinling Mountains is one of the most abundant and highly differentiated areas with wild Orchidaceae plants in China. However, the systematic arrangement of Orchidaceae plants in this area has not yet been seen. The aim of this study is to provide certain basic data for the protection of plant biodiversity. On the basis of references and sorted out relevant data, we did supplementary investigation and collected specimen in the key areas of Orchidaceae plants in Qinling Mountains, made a list of Orchidaceae plants in Qinling Mountains, and analyzed their genera and species characteristics, floristic composition and spatial distribution pattern. There were 149 species of Orchidaceae plants belonging to 52 genera in Qinling Mountains, of which 70 species were endemic to China, accounting for 47% of the total species; life forms were terrestrial, epiphytic, semi-epiphytic and saprophytic, mainly terrestrial; Orchidaceae plants in Qinling Mountains were mainly distributed at altitudes of 800-3 400 m; hotspots were Southwest Longnan Mountains, Taibai-Foping Mountains and Funiu Mountains. At the same time, we concluded the floristic characteristics of Orchidaceae plants in Qinling Mountains:(1)rich in species and remarkable temperate traits; (2)ancient origin and coexistence of new and old species; (3)abundant endemic components; (4)accumulation of rare and endangered protected plants; (5)richness varies with habitats.

Key words: Qinling Mountains, Chinese endemic species, flora, geographical characteristics, Orchidaceae plants

中图分类号:

Q949.7

高旭珍, 康永祥, 张利利, 康越程, 郭明. 秦岭兰科植物地理区系特征[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(1): 18-28.

GAO Xu-Zheng, KANG Yong-Xiang, ZHANG Li-Li, KANG Yue-Cheng, GUO Ming. Geographical Characteristics of Orchidaceae Plants in Qinling Mountains[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2020, 40(1): 18-28.

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