Welcome to Bulletin of Botanical Research! Today is Share:

Bulletin of Botanical Research ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 209-219.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.02.002

• Original Paper • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Identification of Floral Volatiles from Caryopteris incana and Their Regulatory Effects on Floral Visitors Behavior

Yong HE1, Zhijing WU1, Wufan ZHANG2, Yibo LUO3, Ruisi LI1, Qiuyue WANG1, Ruimin YU1, Shubin DONG1(), Jin CHENG1()   

  1. 1.National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration,State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,College of Biological Sciences and Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083
    2.Institute of Apicultural Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100093
    3.State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093
  • Received:2026-01-26 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-02
  • Contact: Shubin DONG, Jin CHENG E-mail:dongshubin@bjfu.edu.cn;chengjin@bjfu.edu.cn

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to identify the floral volatiles of Caryopteris incana and to explore their influence on the behavior of floral visitors. Flower color was measured with the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart(RHSCC), and floral volatiles were collected by adsorption-solvent desorption and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Concurrently, insect visitation frequency was recorded through manual observations, and temporal patterns of pollen viability and stigma receptivity were assessed using the TTC(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) method and the benzidine-hydrogen peroxide assay, respectively. The results indicated that: (1)The flower color of C. incana was identified as strong violet (RHSCC N88B). (2)Terpenoids(77.25%) constituted the majority composition of floral volatiles in C. incana, followed by esters(13.00%). D-Limonene(36.80%) was the most abundant characteristic volatile. (3)Bees were the dominant floral visitors to C. incana, accounting for over 91% of all visitors. Among them, Apis mellifera ligustica was the most frequent species, with a visitation frequency significantly higher than that of all other insects(P<0.001). (4)The flowering period of C. incana lasted about 7 days. Pollen remained viable on the 2nd day and 3rd day and stigma had receptivity on the 5th day, demonstrating a protandrous(male-first) dichogamy that effectively reduces the potential for self-pollination. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the pollination ecology of C. incana.

Key words: Caryopteris incana, floral volatiles, floral visitors, pollen viability, stigma receptivity

CLC Number: