Table 1

Primer sequences for the rol gene

Table 2

Primer sequences of target gene

Table 3

Primers for quantitative real-time PCR

Fig.1

Effects of different factor levels on rooting induction of Solanum nigrum leaf explantsDifferent lowercase letters were very significantly different（P<0.05）.

Fig.2

Effects of different strains and concentrations on hairy roots induction rateA-D corresponded to Ar.1193，K599，Ar.A4，and Ar.Qual in sequence；E-I corresponded to concentrations（OD600） of 0.4，0.6，0.8，1.0，and 1.2 in sequence.

Fig.3

Electrophoresis verification results of rolC （A） and rolB （B） genes in Solanum nigrum hairy rootsM. 2000 marker；A：1-3.Induced hairy roots；4.Roots；B：1.Roots；2-4.Induced hairy roots.

Fig.4

Codon translation alignment for SnCHI gene ORF

Fig.5

PCR identification-based electrophoresis results of E. coli DH5α transformed by the recombinant plasmidM.2 000 maker；2，4，5，9，10 were successfully transformed； 1，3，6，7，8 were unsuccessfully transformed.

Fig.6

PCR identification results of transgenic Solanum nigrum hairy roots containing SnCHI， partial CaMV 35S promoter （A）， and rolB gene （B）M.2000 maker； 1. Control water； 2-3. Blank hairy roots； 4-8. Transgenic SnCHI gene hairy roots.

Fig.7

Induction and culture of SnCHI transgenic hairy rootsA. Solanum nigrum fruits； B. Solanum nigrum seeds； C. Induction of hairy roots in the optimized system； D. Hairy roots were first grown on day 7 of culture after removal of bacteria； E. Cultivation of a single transgenic hairy root on solid medium for 14 days； F. Transgenic seedling.

Fig.8

Analysis of qRT-PCR expression of SnCHI gene and total flavonoid contentA. Relative expression of SnCHI gene hairy roots samples； B. Total flavonoid content of blank hairy roots and SnCHI gene-transformed hairy roots. Different letters were very significantly different（P<0.05）.