Phenotype and Pigment Analysis of Flower Organs of Iris lactea var. chinensis

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.01.008

Abstract

Abstract:

To analyze the phenotypic traits of the floral organs of Iris lactea var. chinensis germplasm resources and to clarify the pigment composition of the petals， 22 I. lactea germplasm resources under different habitat conditions in six provinces and cities of China were used as experimental materials to systematically study the phenotypic characteristics and anthocyanin of this important ornamental part of flower organs. The phenotypic traits of the floral organs were described by RHSCC colorimetry and colorimeter colorimetry， and the mass fraction of floral pigment was determined by sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate colorimetry and pH differential analysis， and the differences in the expression of floral pigments in different color lines were analyzed. The results showed that the flower color of 22 germplasm resources could be divided into four color families： light blue， light blue-violet， dark blue-violet and violet. The brightness（L*） of the fall and standard petals was negatively correlated with a*， positively correlated with b*， and negatively correlated with color（c*） respectively. Among the four color families， violet petals were the largest， flower branch length was the highest， and fall spot was the smallest. While light blue petals were the smallest， flower branch length was the lowest， and fall spot was the largest. It indicated that the darker the petal color， the larger the petal， and the smaller the fall spot. The mass fraction of pigment in the petals of different colors of I. lactea differed significantly. The mass fraction of carotenoid in the light blue petals was significantly higher than that in the violet color， while the mass fraction of flavonoid and anthocyanin in the violet petals were significantly higher than that in the light blue color. As the petal color deepened， the mass fraction of carotenoid decreased and the mass fraction of flavonoid and anthocyanin increased correspondingly. The correlation analysis revealed that the mass fraction of carotenoid was significantly positively correlated with fall and standard petal L*（P<0.05）， and significantly negatively correlated with fall and standard petal a* and c*（P<0.05）.The mass fraction of flavonoid was highly significantly negatively correlated（P<0.01） with fall and standard petal L* and b*， highly significantly positively correlated（P<0.01） with fall and standard petal a*， significantly positively correlated（P<0.05） with fall and standard petal c*. The correlation results between the mass fraction of anthocyanin and colorimetric parameters were similar to those of flavonoids， indicating that the mass fraction of flavonoids and anthocyanins played an important role in the coloration of I. lactea.

Key words: Iris lactea var. chinensis, floral organ, carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins

CLC Number:

Q949.71+8.28

Nan LI, Xiaoxia TIAN, Peichun MAO, Mingli ZHENG, LIN MENG, Lan YUN. Phenotype and Pigment Analysis of Flower Organs of Iris lactea var. chinensis[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(1): 51-61.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Provenance and original habitat information of I. lactea germplasm resources

编号Code

种质材料

Germplasm

resources

种源地

Provenance

生境

Habitat

经纬度

Latitude and

longitude

海拔

Altitude

ML001

北京海淀区四季青镇

Four Seasons Green Town，Haidian District，Beijing

果园田边，壤土

Edge of orchard field，loamy soil

39°56′32″N

116°16′44″E

ML004

吉林省永吉县北大湖镇

Beidahu Town，Yongji County，Jilin Province

羊草、马蔺和杂类草等组成的轻度盐碱化低地草甸

Slightly salinized lowland meadow comprised of Leymus chinensis，Iris lactea and forbes

43°31′12″N

126°20′24″E

399

ML005

内蒙古赤峰阿鲁科尔沁旗

Aruqorqin Banne，Chifeng，Inner Mongolia

羊草+绣线菊草甸草原，砂壤土

Leymus chinensis+Spiraea salicifolia meadow grassland，sandy loam soil

42°10′12″

118°31′12″

926

ML006

山西省太原市

Taiyuan，Shanxi Province

荒漠草原，公路旁，砂砾质

Desert steppe，roadside，gravelly

37°31′12″N

112°19′E

760

ML007

内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗

Keshiketeng Banner，Chifeng，Inner Mongolia

草甸草原，砂壤土

Meadow grassland，sandy loam soil

43°15′54″N

117°32′45″E

1 100

ML008

内蒙古鄂尔多斯西部

Erdos West，Inner Mongolia

盐化低地草甸，盐渍化草甸土，砂砾质

Saline lowland meadow，saline meadow soil，gravelly

39°48′N

109°49′48″E

1 480

ML009

甘肃省甘南藏族自治州合作市

Hezuo City，Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture，Gansu Province

高寒草甸，亚高山草甸土

Alpine meadow，subalpine meadow soil

34°59′10″

102°54′41″

2 936

ML010

内蒙古临河区白脑包镇中心村

Zhongxin Village Baizuobao Town，Linhe District，Inner Mongolia

农田撂荒地、公路旁，壤土

Agrarian wild land，besides areas of calzada，loam

41°0′50″

107°18′34″

1 020

ML011

内蒙古临河区八一镇丰收村

Harvest Village，Bayi Town，Linhe District，Inner Mongolia

公路边盐碱荒地，盐碱土

Saline wasteland by the highway，saline soil

40°48′56″

107°29′24″

1 038

ML012

内蒙古临河区隆胜镇新明村

Xinming Village，Longsheng Town，Linhe District，Inner Mongolia

黎科植物与马蔺等组成的盐化低地草甸

Saline lowland meadows composed of Chenopodiaceae plants and I. lactea etc.

40°53′9″

107°34′18″

1 034

ML013

内蒙古临河区城关镇万来村

Wanlai Village，Chengguan Town，Linhe District，Inner Mongolia

多年生禾草与马蔺等组成的盐生

Saline meadow composed of perennial grasses and I. lactea etc.

40°47′43″

107°26′18″

1 037

ML014

内蒙古临河区双河镇丰河村

Fenghe Village，Shuanghe Town，Linhe District，Inner Mongolia

盐化低地草甸，砂砾质

Saline lowland meadows，gravelly

40°42′15″

107°25′9″

1 040

ML015

新疆伊犁州昭苏县

Zhaosu County，Yili Prefecture，Xinjiang

盐碱化较强的盐化低地草甸，砂砾质

Saline lowland meadows with strong salinization，gravelly

43°8′23″

81°7′39″

1 846

ML016

内蒙古临河曙光镇永强村

Yongqiang Village，Shuguang Town，Linhe，Inner Mongolia

盐化低地草甸，砂砾质

Saline lowland meadows，gravelly

40°46′14″

107°25′20″

1 039

ML017

新疆伊犁州昭苏军马场

Zhaosu Military Horse Farm，Yili Prefecture，Xinjiang

盐化低地草甸

Saline lowland meadow

43°55′20″

81°19′39″

1 800

ML018

内蒙古呼和浩特市大青山

Daqing Mountain，Hohhot，Inner Mongolia

干旱荒漠草原，公路边，砂壤土

Arid desert steppe，roadside，sandy loam soil

40°52′38″

111°35′27″

1 160

ML019

新疆伊犁州伊犁河边

By the Ili River，Ili Prefecture，Xinjiang

盐化低地草甸

Saline lowland meadow

43°51′8″

81°24′7″

530

ML020

新疆伊犁州巩留县七乡伊犁河南岸

South bank of Ili River，Seven Townships，Gongliu County，Ili Prefecture，Xinjiang

盐化低地草甸

Saline lowland meadows

43°36′49″

81°50′39″

703

ML023

新疆伊犁州奶牛场

Dairy Farm in Yili Prefecture，Xinjiang

重度盐化低地草甸，盐碱土

Heavily salinized lowland meadows，saline soils

44°7′48″

81°17′11″

603

ML029

内蒙古科尔沁左翼中旗保康镇

Baokang Town，Horqin Left Wing Central Banner，Inner Mongolia

轻度盐化低地草甸

Mildly saline lowland meadows

44°7′48″

123°21′12″

144

ML032

内蒙古通辽市科左后旗阿古拉

Agura，Kezuo Houqi，Tongliao，Inner Mongolia

草甸草原，砂壤土

Meadow grassland，sandy loam

43°18′26″

122°38′6″

262

ML035

新疆伊宁县胡地亚于孜乡阔旦塔木村

Kordantam Village，Khudiyuz Township，Yining，Xinjiang

中度盐碱化低地草甸，盐化灰钙土

Moderately saline lowland meadow，salinized gray calcium soil

43°45′15″

83°10′30″

1 071

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Table 3

Fig.5

Table 4

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色系 Color group	垂瓣长 Fall length/ cm	垂瓣宽 Fall width/ cm	旗瓣长 Standard length/ cm	旗瓣宽 Standard width/ cm	花径 Flower diameter/ cm	垂瓣花斑大小 Fall spot size	花高 Flower height/ cm	花葶高 Flower branch length/cm
浅蓝色 Light blue	4.60±0.11c	0.88±0.06b	4.85±0.13c	0.80±0.03ab	4.35±0.54c	0.32±0.02a	5.35±0.06c	21.10±0.60b
浅蓝紫色 Light blue-violet	5.16±0.08b	0.95±0.03b	5.13±0.09bc	0.72±0.03b	6.35±0.17a	0.33±0.02a	5.70±0.05b	26.96±0.71a
深蓝紫色 Dark blue- violet	5.76±0.14a	1.26±0.05a	5.45±0.13ab	0.89±0.05ab	5.68±0.16b	0.29±0.01ab	5.91±0.06b	27.14±0.58a
紫罗兰色 Violet	5.98±0.21a	1.27±0.09a	5.68±0.17a	0.97±0.09a	5.09±0.15b	0.26±0.02b	6.31±0.09a	29.10±0.74a

指标 Index	部位 Site	L*	a*	b*	c*	h
类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid	旗瓣Standard	0.476*	-0.472*	0.375	-0.445*	-0.491*
类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid	垂瓣Fall	0.442*	-0.454*	0.493*	-0.478*	-0.240
类黄酮 Flavonoid	旗瓣Standard	-0.657^**	0.567^**	-0.557^**	0.536^*	0.523^*
类黄酮 Flavonoid	垂瓣Fall	-0.569^**	0.546^**	-0.503^*	0.527^*	0.539^**
花色苷 Anthocyanin	旗瓣Standard	-0.698^**	0.791^**	-0.546^**	0.624^**	0.766^**
花色苷 Anthocyanin	垂瓣Fall	-0.754^**	0.725^**	-0.648^**	0.687^**	0.392

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[9]	LI Xin-Lei, WANG Jia-Tong, SUN Zhen-Yuan, WANG Jie, YIN Heng-Fu, FAN Zheng-Qi, LI Ji-Yuan. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS Analysis of Flavonoids in Flowers and Leaves of Camellia chuangtsoensis [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2019, 39(3): 365-371.
[10]	WANG Rong, CHENG Meng-Lin, LIU Hui-Na, ZHAO Da-Qiu, TAO Jun. Effects of Melatonin on Flavonoids Content and Related Gene Expression Levels of Gardenia under Dark Conditions [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(4): 559-567.
[11]	ZHANG Yuan-Yuan, MENG Yong-Bin, XU Lei, JIA Nan, MENG Qing-Huan, XIANG Feng-Ying, LU Qi. Homogenate Extraction Process in Total Flavonoids from Elaeagnus angustifolia Fruit [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(4): 625-631.
[12]	YU Ting-Ting, NI Xiu-Zhen, GAO Li-Hong, HAN Guo-Jun, ZHU Chang-Fu, SHENG Yan-Min. Advances in Study of Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase(DFR) Genes of Higher Plants [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(4): 632-640.
[13]	ZHANG Qiang, LIU Yi, WU Xiao-Min, SHU Liang-Zuo, SONG Yun-Xian, CHEN Chu, LONG Min-Hui. Preliminary Study on the Effects of Two Different Nitrogen Forms on Flavonoids Accumulation and Related Molecular Mechanism in Medicinal Plant Tetrastigma hemsleyanum [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(3): 367-376.
[14]	ZHANG Zi-Dong, ZHANG Yuan-Yuan, MENG Yong-Bin, XU Lei, JIA Nan, XIANG Feng-Ying, LU Qi. Flavonoids Enrichment from Elaeagnus angustifolia Fruit [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(3): 467-474.
[15]	XU Meng-Ke, LI Dan, MENG Lai-Sheng, JIANG Ji-Hong. Arabidopsis thaliana Transcription Factor Ethylene-insensitive3(EIN3) Inhibits the Synthesis of Anthocyanins [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(1): 148-154.