Bulletin of Botanical Research ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 505-519.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.04.004
• Taxonomy • Previous Articles Next Articles
Zixuan REN1, Ling ZHAO2, Jiawen ZHAO1, Qinghe WANG3, Hongxiang YIN1()
Received:
2023-01-16
Online:
2023-07-20
Published:
2023-07-03
Contact:
Hongxiang YIN
E-mail:hongxiangy@126.com
About author:
REN Zixuan(1999—),female,postgraduate student,majoring in resources evaluation and identification of ethnic medicine.
Supported by:
CLC Number:
Zixuan REN, Ling ZHAO, Jiawen ZHAO, Qinghe WANG, Hongxiang YIN. Infraspecific taxa of Paris fargesii Franch.[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(4): 505-519.
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URL: https://bbr.nefu.edu.cn/EN/10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.04.004
Table 1
Samples information
样品编号 Sample No. | 种/变种 Species/Variety | 收集地点 Collection site |
---|---|---|
S1~S4 | 球药隔重楼原变种P. fargesii var. fargesii | 湖北省通山县Tongshan County,Hubei Province |
S5~S9 | 宽瓣球药隔重楼P. fargesii var. latipetala | 贵州省都匀市Duyun City,Guizhou Province |
S10~S12 | 短瓣球药隔重楼P. fargesii var. brevipetalata | 江西省井冈山市Jinggangshan City,Jiangxi Province |
S13 | 贵州省安顺市Anshun City,Guizhou Province | |
S14 | 贵州省福泉市 Fuquan City,Guizhou Province | |
S15~S19 | 大萼球药隔重楼P. fargesii var. macrosepala | 湖南省双牌县Shuangpai County,Hunan Province |
S20~S21 | 球药隔黑斑种群Black patch population | 江西省井冈山市Jinggangshan City,Jiangxi Province |
S22 | 贵州省都匀市Duyun City,Guizhou Province | |
S23 | 具柄重楼P. fargesii var. petiolata | 四川省崇州市Chongzhou City,Sichuan Province |
S24 | 四川省洪雅县Hongya County,Sichuan Province | |
S25 | 四川省石棉县Shimian County,Sichuan Province | |
S26 | 贵州省六盘水市 Liupanshui City,Guizhou Province | |
S27~S30 | 金线重楼P. delavayi var. delavayi | 四川省屏山县Pingshan County,Sichuan Province |
Fig.1
Comparison of stamen morphology between P.fargesii and P. delavayiA1-A3.P. fargesii var. fargesii;B1-B3.P.fargesii var. latipetala;C1-C3.P. fargesii var. brevipetalata;D1-D3.Black patch population(Stamens triangular arrangement,flat button of free portion of connective);E.P. fargesii var. macrosepala(Showing butterfly of free portion of connective);F.P. fargesii var. macrosepala(Showing double kidney of free portion of connective);G.P. fargesii var. petiolata;I.P. delavayi var. delavayi;A1-A3,B1-B3,C1-C3,D1-D3 showed the morphological changes of stamens throughout the flowering period(Flowering beginning,flowering peak,flowering end)
Table 2
Morphological characteristics of P.fargesii and P. delavayi
种/变种 Species/Variety | 花基数 Flower number | 药凸Freeportion of connective | 雄蕊Stamens | 内轮花被片Inner tepals | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
形态 Morphology | 长度 Length/mm | 形态 Morphology | 排列方式 Arrangement | 大小 Size | 形态 Morphology | ||
球药隔重楼原变种 P. fargesii var. fargesii | 4~6 | 球形、马蹄形 Spherical,horseshoe | 0.5~1.3 | 直立,短小 Upright,short | 环形,疏离柱头 Annular,detached from stigma | 长Length:4.0~8.0 cm 宽Width:≤1.0 mm | 线形 Linear |
宽瓣球药隔重楼 P. fargesii var. latipetala | 4~6 | 球形、马蹄形 Spherical,horseshoe | 0.3~1.0 | 弯曲,短小 Curve,short | 环形,紧贴柱头 Annular,close to stigma | 长Length:1.1~1.7 cm 宽Width:3.5~6.5 mm | 长椭圆形 Oblong |
短瓣球药隔重楼 P. fargesii var. brevipetalata | 4~6 | 球形、马蹄形 Spherical,horseshoe | 0.4~1.2 | 弯曲,短小 Curve,short | 环形,紧贴柱头 Annular,close to stigma | 长Length:0.8~1.7 cm 宽Width:≤1.0 mm | 线形 Linear |
大萼球药隔重楼 P. fargesii var. macrosepala | 4~6 | 蝶形、双肾形 Butterfly,double kidney | 0.7~1.5 | 直立,短小 Upright,short | 环形,紧贴柱头 Annular,close to stigma | 长Length:2.0~5.3 cm 宽Width:≤1.0 mm | 线形 Linear |
球药隔黑斑种群 Black patch population | 3~5 | 扁平纽扣形 Flat button | <0.5 | 直立,短小 Upright,short | 三角形或矩形,疏离柱头 Triangle or rectangle, detached from stigma | 长Length:0.8~1.6 cm 宽Width:1.0~3.0 mm | 线形 Linear |
具柄重楼 P. fargesii var. petiolata | 3~7 | 尖头状、棒状 Cuspidal,rodlike | 2.0~4.0 | 直立,细长 Upright,long | 环形,疏离柱头 Annular,detached from stigma | 长Length:1.5~2.5 cm 宽Width:1.1~2.5 mm | 线形 Linear |
金线重楼 P. delavayi var. delavayi | 3~7 | 尖头状、棒状 Cuspidal,rodlike | 3.0~7.0 | 直立,细长 Upright,long | 环形,疏离柱头 Annular,detached from stigma | 长Length:0.5~1.6 cm 宽Width:≤1 mm | 线形 Linear |
种/变种 Species/Variety | 外轮花被片Outer tepals | 内轮与外轮花 被片长度之比 Length ratio of inner and outer tepals | 叶萼比 Ratio of leaf to outer tepals | 叶片Leaves | |||
大小 Size | 形态 Morphology | 颜色 Color | 数量 Number | 形态 Morphology | |||
球药隔重楼原变种 P. fargesii var. fargesii | 长Length:3.5~5.5 cm 宽Width:1.0~2.1 cm | 平展或稍向下反折 Flatten or fold slightly downward | 绿色(部分基部稍有紫黑色晕染) Green(Part of the base with a slight purple black haze) | ≥1 | 长度比Length ratio:3.05~3.38 宽度比Beam ratio:4.33~5.00 | 4~6 | 卵形、卵状长圆形、卵状披针形 Ovate,ovate oblong and ovate lanceolate |
宽瓣球药隔重楼 P. fargesii var. latipetala | 长Length:3.3~5.4 cm 宽Width:1.1~2.3 cm | 平展或稍向下反折 Flatten or fold slightly downward | 绿色(部分基部稍有紫黑色晕染) Green(Part of the base with a slight purple black haze) | <1/2 | 长度比Length ratio:2.71~5.03 宽度比Beam ratio:5.18~7.88 | 4~6 | 卵形、卵状长圆形、卵状披针形 Ovate,ovate oblong and ovate lanceolate |
短瓣球药隔重楼 P. fargesii var. brevipetalata | 长Length:3.2~5.3 cm 宽Width:1.0~2.3 cm | 稍向下反折 Fold slightly downward | 绿色(大部分基部有紫黑色晕染) Green(Most of the base with purple black haze) | <1/2 | 长度比Length ratio:2.91~3.82 宽度比Beam ratio:4.00~6.67 | 4~6 | 卵形、卵状长圆形、卵状披针形 Ovate,ovate oblong and ovate lanceolate |
大萼球药隔重楼 P. fargesii var. macrosepala | 长Length:6.5~11.0 cm 宽Width:2.5~4.0 cm | 平展或稍向下反折 Flatten or fold slightly downward | 绿色 Green | ≤1/2 | 长度比Length ratio:1.69~2.30 宽度比Beam ratio:2.41~3.36 | 4~6 | 卵形、卵状长圆形、卵状披针形 Ovate,ovate oblong and ovate lanceolate |
球药隔黑斑种群 Black patch population | 长Length:2.4~5.4 cm 宽Width:0.8~2.9 cm | 平展或稍向下反折 Flatten or fold slightly downward | 绿色(近先端具紫黑色斑块) Green(Nnear apex with purple black patches) | <1/2 | 长度比Length ratio:2.86~3.95 宽度比Beam ratio:4.12~6.74 | 3~5 | 卵形、卵状长圆形、卵状披针形 Ovate,ovate oblong and ovate lanceolate |
具柄重楼 P. fargesii var. petiolata | 长Length:4.6~6.7 cm 宽Width:1.0~2.1 cm | 向上斜伸 Inclined upwards stretched | 绿色(基部稍有紫黑色) Green(Base with a slight purple black) | <1 | — | 6~9 | 宽卵形、卵形 Broadly ovate,ovate |
金线重楼 P. delavayi var. delavayi | 长Length:1.5~4.1 cm 宽Width:0.3~1.0 cm | 明显向下反折 Fold obviously downward | 紫黑色或稍带绿色 Purple black or slightly green | <1/2 | — | 5~9 | 狭披针形、卵状披针形 Narrow lanceolate,ovate lanceolate |
Fig.3
Comparison of morphology of tepals between P.fargesii and P. delavayiA.P. fargesii var. fargesii;B.P. fargesii var. latipetala;C.P. fargesii var. brevipetalata;D.P. fargesii var. macrosepala;E.Black patch population; F.P. fargesii var. petiolata;G.P. delavayi var. delavayi;H.Transition type of P. fargesii var. petiolata and P. delavayi var. delavayi;I.Outer tepals size contrast(I-1.P. fargesii var. macrosepala,I-2.P. fargesii var. fargesii,I-3.P. fargesii var. latipetala,I-4.P. fargesii var. brevipetalata)
Table 3
Phenological characteristics of P.fargesii and P. delavayi
种/变种 Species/Variety | 出苗 Emergence | 展叶 Leaf unfolding | 开花 Flowering | 果裂 Fruit dehiscence | 倒苗 Withered |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
球药隔重楼原变种 P. fargesii var. fargesii | 3月上旬 Early Mar. | 3月中旬 Middle Mar. | 3月下旬 Late Mar. | 11月上旬 Early Nov. | 11月下旬 Late Nov. |
宽瓣球药隔重楼 P. fargesii var. latipetala | 3月上旬 Early Mar. | 3月下旬 Late Mar. | 4月上旬 Early Apr. | 11月上旬 Early Nov. | 次年3月 Mar. in next year |
短瓣球药隔重楼 P. fargesii var. brevipetalata | 3月上旬 Early Mar. | 3月中旬 Middle Mar. | 3月下旬 Late Mar. | 10月下旬 Late Oct. | 11月下旬 Late Nov. |
大萼球药隔重楼 P. fargesii var. macrosepala | 2月上旬 Early Feb. | 2月中旬 Middle Feb. | 2月下旬 Late Feb. | 9月上旬 Early Sep. | 11月上旬 Early Nov. |
球药隔黑斑种群 Black patch population | 3月上旬 Early Mar. | 3月中旬 Middle Mar. | 3月下旬 Late Mar. | 10月下旬 Late Oct. | 11月下旬 Late Nov. |
具柄重楼 P. fargesii var. petiolata | 3月上旬 Early Mar. | 3月中旬 Middle Mar. | 4月上旬 Early May. | 10月下旬 Late Oct. | 12月上旬 Early Dec. |
金线重楼 P. delavayi var. delavayi | 3月上旬 Early Mar. | 3月下旬 Late Mar. | 5月上旬 Early May. | 11月上旬 Early Nov. | 12月中旬 Middle Dec. |
Table 4
Determination results of six steroidal saponins
样品编号 Sample No. | 种/变种 Species/Variety | 重楼皂苷Ⅶ Polyphyllin Ⅶ /% | 重楼皂苷H Polyphyllin H /% | 重楼皂苷Ⅵ Polyphyllin Ⅵ /% | 重楼皂苷Ⅱ Polyphyllin Ⅱ /% | 重楼皂苷Ⅰ Polyphyllin Ⅰ /% | 重楼皂苷Ⅴ Polyphyllin Ⅴ /% | 总含量 Total content /% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 球药隔重楼原变种 P. fargesii var. fargesii | 1.02 | 0.65 | 0.78 | — | — | — | 2.45 |
S2 | 1.04 | 0.75 | 0.67 | — | — | — | 2.46 | |
S3 | 1.16 | 0.78 | 1.08 | — | — | — | 1.16 | |
S4 | 0.90 | 1.17 | 0.71 | — | — | — | 0.90 | |
S5 | 宽瓣球药隔重楼 P. fargesii var. latipetala | 0.25 | 0.33 | — | 0.12 | 1.22 | 0.56 | 0.25 |
S6 | 0.31 | 0.40 | — | 0.09 | 0.78 | 0.14 | 0.31 | |
S7 | 0.45 | 0.52 | — | 0.38 | 1.56 | 0.44 | 0.45 | |
S8 | 0.55 | 0.67 | 0.08 | 0.25 | 1.07 | 0.38 | 0.55 | |
S9 | 0.87 | 1.00 | 0.41 | 0.18 | 0.87 | 0.78 | 0.87 | |
S10 | 短瓣球药隔重楼 P. fargesii var. brevipetalata | 0.67 | 0.08 | 4.42 | — | 0.06 | 0.21 | 0.67 |
S11 | 0.90 | 0.22 | 4.66 | — | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.90 | |
S12 | 0.95 | 1.49 | 3.61 | — | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.95 | |
S13 | 0.88 | 0.20 | 3.30 | — | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.88 | |
S14 | 1.00 | 0.52 | 3.21 | — | 0.05 | 0.21 | 1.00 | |
S15 | 大萼球药隔重楼 P. fargesii var. macrosepala | 1.32 | 1.41 | 0.64 | — | — | — | 1.32 |
S16 | 1.18 | 1.72 | 0.72 | — | — | — | 1.18 | |
S17 | 1.43 | 1.48 | 0.72 | — | — | — | 1.43 | |
S18 | 0.91 | 1.98 | 1.03 | — | — | 0.21 | 0.91 | |
S19 | 1.29 | 0.46 | 1.36 | — | — | — | 1.29 | |
S20 | 球药隔黑斑种群 Black patch population | 0.41 | 1.49 | 0.27 | — | — | 0.04 | 2.21 |
S21 | 0.86 | 2.09 | 0.38 | — | — | 0.03 | 3.36 | |
S22 | 0.61 | 0.14 | 1.23 | — | — | — | 1.98 | |
S23 | 具柄重楼 P. fargesii var. petiolata | 0.54 | 0.16 | — | — | — | — | 0.70 |
S24 | 0.18 | 0.31 | — | — | — | — | 0.49 | |
S25 | 0.43 | 0.15 | — | — | — | — | 0.58 | |
S26 | 0.21 | 0.12 | — | — | — | — | 0.21 | |
S27 | 金线重楼 P. delavayi var. delavayi | 0.11 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.11 |
S28 | 0.06 | 0.05 | — | — | — | — | 0.11 | |
S29 | 0.20 | 0.04 | — | — | — | — | 0.24 | |
S30 | 0.05 | 0.02 | — | — | — | — | 0.05 |
Table 5
K2P distance of P.fargesii and P. delavayi
种/变种 Species/Variety | 种内K2P距离 Intraspecific K2P distance | 种间K2P距离 Interspecific K2P distance | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
最大K2P距离 Maximum K2P distance | 平均K2P距离 Mean K2P distance | 最小K2P距离 Minimum K2P distance | 平均K2P距离 Mean K2P distance | |
球药隔重楼原变种 P. fargesii var. fargesii | 0.014 7 | 0.009 8 | 0.008 2 | 0.018 1 |
宽瓣球药隔重楼 P. fargesii var. latipetala | 0 | 0 | 0.006 5 | 0.012 5 |
短瓣球药隔重楼 P. fargesii var. brevipetalata | 0 | 0 | 0.008 2 | 0.013 6 |
大萼球药隔重楼 P. fargesii var. macrosepala | 0 | 0 | 0.006 5 | 0.012 5 |
球药隔黑斑种群 Black patch population | 0 | 0 | 0.006 5 | 0.011 7 |
具柄重楼 P. fargesii var. petiolata | 0.006 5 | 0.006 5 | 0.001 6 | 0.022 2 |
金线重楼 P. delavayi var. delavayi | 0 | 0 | 0.001 6 | 0.021 0 |
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