Bulletin of Botanical Research ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 602-612.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.04.010
• Genetic and Breeding • Previous Articles Next Articles
Yu ZHANG1,2, Xu SU1,2,3, Yuping LIU1,2(), Tao LIU1,2, Changyuan ZHENG1,2, Dandan SU1,2, Yanan WANG1,2, Ting LÜ1,2
Received:
2021-07-21
Online:
2022-07-20
Published:
2022-07-15
Contact:
Yuping LIU
E-mail:lyp8527970@126.com
About author:
ZHANG Yu(1998—),female,postgraduate,mainly engaged in the study of genetic diversity and systematic evolution of alpine plants.
Supported by:
CLC Number:
Yu ZHANG, Xu SU, Yuping LIU, Tao LIU, Changyuan ZHENG, Dandan SU, Yanan WANG, Ting LÜ. Characteristics of Complete Chloroplast Genome and Phylogenetic Analysis of Rhodiola himalensis (Crassulaceae)[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(4): 602-612.
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URL: https://bbr.nefu.edu.cn/EN/10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.04.010
Fig.1
Circularized map of the chloroplast genome of R. himalensisThe species name and specific information regarding the genome(length and the number of genes) are depicted in the center of the plot;Genes on the outside and inside of the circle are transcribed in clockwise and counterclockwise directions,respectively;Genes belonging to different functional groups are color coded;The gene names and their optional codon usage bias are labeled on the outermost layer;The SSC,LSC and inverted repeat regions(IRA and IRB) are indicated
Table 2
Gene annotation of the chloroplast genome of R. himalensis
基因类别 Gene category | 基因分组 Gene group | 基因名称 Gene name |
---|---|---|
光合作用基因 Genes for photosynthesis | 光系统 Ⅰ 亚基 Subunits of photosystem Ⅰ | psaA、psaB、psaC、psaI、psaJ |
光系统 Ⅱ 亚基 Subunits of photosystem Ⅱ | psbA、psbB、psbC、psbD、psbE、psbF、psbH、psbI、psbJ、 psbK、psbL、psbM、psbN、psbT、psbZ | |
细胞色素b/f复合体亚基 Subunit of cytochrome b/f complex | PetA、petBa 、petDa 、petG、petL、petN | |
ATP合成酶亚基 Subunits of ATP synthase | atpA、atpB、atpE、atpFa、atpH、atpI | |
NADH脱氢酶亚基 Subunits of NADH dehydrogenase | ndhAa、ndhBac、ndhC、ndhD、ndhE、ndhF、ndhG、 ndhH、ndhI、ndhG、ndhK | |
二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶大亚基 Large subunit of Rubisco | rbcL | |
ATP依赖蛋白酶亚基P基因 ATP-dependent protease subunit P | clpPb | |
自我复制基因 Self replication | DNA依赖性RNA聚合酶 DNA dependent RNA polymerase | rpoA、rpoB、rpoC1a、rpoC2 |
核糖体小亚基 Small subunit of ribosome | rps2、rps3、rps4、rps7c、rps8、rps11、rps12d*、rps14、 rps15、rps16a、rps18、rps19 | |
核糖体大亚基 Large subunit of ribosome | rpl2ac、rpl14、rpl16、rpl20、rpl22、rpl23c、rpl32、 rpl33、rpl36 | |
转运RNA Transfer RNA gene | trnA-UGCac、trnC-GCA、trnD-GUC、trnE-UUC、trnF-GAA、trnG-GCC、trnG-UCC、trnH-GUG、trnI-CAUc、trnI-GAUac、trnK-UUUa、trnL-CAAc、trnL-UAAa、trnL-UAG、trnM-CAU、trnN-GUUc、trnP-UGG、trnQ-UUG、trnR-ACGc、trnR-UCU、trnS-GCU、trnS-GGA、trnS-UGA、trnT-GGU、trnT-UGU、trnV-GACc、trnV-UACa、trnW-CCA、trnY-GUA、trnfM-CAU | |
核糖体RNA Ribosomal RNA gene | rrn4.5c、rrn5c、rrn16c、rrn23 | |
翻译起始因子 Translation initiation factor | infA | |
其他基因 Other genes | 成熟酶 Maturase | matK |
包膜蛋白 Envelop membrane protein | cemA | |
c型细胞色素合成基因 c-type cytochrome synthesis gene | ccsA | |
乙酰辅酶A羧化酶亚基 Submit of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase | accD | |
未知功能基因 Genes of unknown function | 开放阅读框 Conserved open reading frame | ycf1、ycf2c、ycf3b、ycf4 |
Table 3
RSCU analysis of protein coding region in R. himalensis
氨基酸 Amino acid | 密码子 Codon | 数量 Number | RSCU | 使用频率 Ratio /% | 氨基酸 Amino acid | 密码子 Codon | 数量 Number | RSCU | 使用频率 Ratio /% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phe | UUU | 956 | 1.33 | 5.62 | Ala | GCU | 603 | 1.79 | 5.27 |
UUC | 477 | 0.67 | GCC | 202 | 0.60 | ||||
Leu | UUA | 869 | 1.92 | 10.67 | GCA | 401 | 1.19 | ||
UUG | 531 | 1.17 | GCG | 139 | 0.41 | ||||
CUU | 591 | 1.30 | TER* | UAA | 39 | 1.70 | 0.27 | ||
CUC | 171 | 0.38 | UAG | 16 | 0.70 | ||||
CUA | 390 | 0.86 | UGA | 14 | 0.61 | ||||
CUG | 169 | 0.37 | His | CAU | 484 | 1.53 | 2.48 | ||
Ile | AUU | 1 043 | 1.46 | 8.43 | CAC | 149 | 0.47 | ||
AUC | 425 | 0.59 | Gln | CAA | 696 | 1.54 | 3.55 | ||
AUA | 682 | 0.95 | CAG | 210 | 0.46 | ||||
Met | AUG | 613 | 1.00 | 2.40 | Asn | AAU | 937 | 1.51 | 4.86 |
Val | GUU | 520 | 1.51 | 5.39 | AAC | 302 | 0.49 | ||
GUC | 162 | 0.47 | Lys | AAA | 1 044 | 1.51 | 5.41 | ||
GUA | 505 | 1.47 | AAG | 335 | 0.49 | ||||
GUG | 187 | 0.54 | Asp | GAU | 835 | 1.59 | 4.11 | ||
Ser | UCU | 559 | 1.68 | 7.81 | GAC | 214 | 0.41 | ||
UCC | 316 | 0.95 | Glu | GAA | 1 014 | 1.51 | 5.27 | ||
UCA | 402 | 1.21 | GAG | 330 | 0.49 | ||||
UCG | 193 | 0.58 | Cys | UGU | 211 | 1.45 | 1.14 | ||
AGU | 403 | 1.21 | UGC | 81 | 0.55 | ||||
AGC | 119 | 0.36 | Trp | UGG | 450 | 1.00 | 1.76 | ||
Pro | CCU | 403 | 1.53 | 4.13 | Arg | CGU | 344 | 1.37 | 5.92 |
CCC | 212 | 0.81 | CGC | 91 | 0.36 | ||||
CCA | 290 | 1.10 | CGA | 355 | 1.41 | ||||
CCG | 148 | 0.56 | CGG | 110 | 0.44 | ||||
Thr | ACU | 549 | 1.71 | 5.02 | AGA | 447 | 1.77 | ||
ACC | 212 | 0.66 | AGG | 164 | 0.65 | ||||
ACA | 386 | 1.20 | Gly | GGU | 579 | 1.33 | 6.84 | ||
ACG | 135 | 0.42 | GGC | 162 | 0.37 | ||||
Tyr | UAU | 762 | 1.64 | 3.65 | GGA | 699 | 1.60 | ||
UAC | 170 | 0.36 | GGG | 306 | 0.70 |
Table 5
SSR information of the chloroplast genome in R. himalensis
编号 No. | SSR类型 SSR type | SSR | 大小 Size | 起始 Start | 终止 End | 位置 Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | P1 | T(11) | 11 | 2 159 | 2 169 | CDS(matK) |
2 | P1 | T(10) | 10 | 3 762 | 3 771 | Intron(trnK-UUU) |
3 | P1 | (A)10 | 10 | 5 231 | 5 240 | Intron(rps16) |
4 | P1 | A(11) | 11 | 7 536 | 7 546 | IGS |
5 | P1 | (T)12 | 12 | 8 161 | 8 172 | IGS |
6 | P1 | (T)15 | 15 | 9 137 | 9 151 | Intron(trnG-GCC) |
7 | C | (TA)7ttatatattaatatatttctatttaatatatatagatt(TA)12 | 76 | 9 369 | 9 444 | IGS |
8 | P1 | (T)10 | 10 | 12 061 | 12 070 | CDS(atpF) |
9 | P1 | (A)12 | 12 | 15 624 | 15 635 | IGS |
10 | P1 | (T)11 | 11 | 17 841 | 17 851 | CDS(rpoC2) |
11 | P1 | (T)11 | 11 | 22 005 | 22 015 | CDS(rpoC1) |
12 | P1 | (T)10 | 10 | 26 932 | 26 941 | IGS |
13 | P1 | (A)14 | 14 | 27 103 | 27 116 | IGS |
14 | P1 | (T)11 | 11 | 29 349 | 29 359 | IGS |
15 | P1 | (A)10 | 10 | 31 963 | 31 972 | IGS |
16 | P1 | (T)12 | 12 | 32 262 | 32 273 | IGS |
17 | P1 | (A)11 | 11 | 36 504 | 36 514 | IGS |
18 | P1 | (A)12 | 12 | 57 371 | 57 382 | CDS(accD) |
19 | P2 | (TA)6 | 12 | 57 830 | 57 841 | IGS |
20 | P1 | (A)10 | 10 | 58 230 | 58 239 | IGS |
21 | P1 | (T)11 | 11 | 59 093 | 59 103 | IGS |
22 | P1 | (A)11 | 11 | 61 422 | 61 432 | IGS |
23 | P1 | (T)11 | 11 | 64 766 | 64 776 | IGS |
24 | P1 | (T)10 | 10 | 65 122 | 65 131 | IGS |
25 | P1 | (T)11 | 11 | 65 794 | 65 804 | IGS |
26 | P1 | (A)10 | 10 | 73 561 | 73 570 | Intron(petB) |
27 | P1 | (A)10 | 10 | 79 265 | 79 274 | IGS |
28 | P1 | (T)12 | 12 | 80 743 | 80 754 | Intron(rpl16) |
29 | P1 | (T)12 | 12 | 81 664 | 81 675 | IGS |
30 | P1 | (T)10 | 10 | 100 712 | 100 721 | Intron(trnI-GAU) |
31 | P1 | (A)10 | 10 | 108 440 | 108 449 | CDS(ndhF) |
32 | P1 | (T)12 | 12 | 108 910 | 108 921 | CDS(ndhF) |
33 | P1 | (A)10 | 10 | 112 719 | 112 728 | IGS |
34 | P1 | (A)10 | 10 | 114 523 | 114 532 | IGS |
35 | P1 | (T)10 | 10 | 116 247 | 116 256 | CDS(ndhG) |
36 | P2 | (AT)7 | 14 | 117 832 | 117 845 | Intron(ndhA) |
37 | P1 | (A)10 | 10 | 122 439 | 122 448 | CDS(ycf1) |
38 | C | (T)14gattcaaaatcaaaaaaaagttgtcccttgatccttattatattaataactaggacgatagcaatgtatattctttc(A)11 | 102 | 123 070 | 123 171 | CDS(ycf1) |
39 | P1 | (A)11 | 11 | 123 629 | 123 639 | CDS(ycf1) |
40 | P1 | (T)10 | 10 | 123 763 | 123 772 | CDS(ycf1 |
41 | P1 | (A)11 | 11 | 125 092 | 125 102 | CDS(ycf1) |
42 | P1 | (A)10 | 10 | 132 664 | 132 673 | Intron(trnI-GAU) |
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