Phylogeography of Xanthopappus subacaulis(Asteraceae), an Endemic Species from the Northeastern of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.04.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Xanthopappus subacaulis is an endemic medicinal plant growing in the alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau（QTP）. To explore the influence of Quaternary climatic oscillations on the population genetic structure and distribution pattern of X. subacaulis， 3 chloroplast DNA fragments（psbA-trnH， rbcL and psbI-psbK） from 123 individuals of 20 populations were sequenced and analyzed respectively in the present study. The results showed that 6 haplotypes were detected in X. subacaulis， among which H1 was an ancient haplotype. All populations of X. subacaulis had haplotype H1 except for P7. H3， H5 and H6 were private haplotypes， among which H3 was a private haplotype of population P7， and H5 and H6 only existed in P18. H2 and H4 were mainly distributed in the population of Qinghai Lake basin. The total genetic diversity（H_e） and nucleotide diversity（π） were 3.101 and 0.008 903， respectively. The genetic variation among populations（68.98%） was higher than that within populations（31.02%）， and the genetic differentiation among populations was relatively higher（F_ST=0.689 85，P<0.01）. The genetic differentiation coefficient N_ST of populations（0.727） was higher than that of G_ST（0.656）（P>0.05）， which indicated that there was no obvious phylogeographical structure in the sampling regions. The results of mismatch distributions and neutrality tests revealed that the population of X. subacaulis might have experienced recent expansion. Therefore， the study suggests there are micro-sanctuaries in Qinghai Lake basin of Qinghai Province and Lintan region of Gansu Province during the Quaternary glaciations， and suggests that the Quaternary climate change and QTP uplift shape the modern geographical distribution pattern of X. subacaulis.

Key words: Xanthopappus subacaulis, genetic structure, dynamic history, chloroplast DNA, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

CLC Number:

Q948.2

Yang ZHANG, Zilan MA, Shanshan XU, Xu SU, Meiying LI. Phylogeography of Xanthopappus subacaulis(Asteraceae), an Endemic Species from the Northeastern of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(4): 565-573.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Sampling information and genetic diversity of X. subacaulis

居群 Population code	凭证标本 Voucher specimen	采集地 Locality	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	海拔 Altitude /m	样本数 Number	单倍型组成 Haplotype composition （frequency /%）	遗传多样性 Gene diversity （H_e）	核苷酸多样性 Nucleotide diversity /（π，×10^-3）
P1	SX-2019-001	青海平安 Ping’an，Qinghai	N36°29′，E102°1′	2 320	4	H1（75），H2（25）	0.500	0.242
P2	SX-2019-002	甘肃天祝 Tianzhu，Gansu	N36°57′，E102°40′	2 684	3	H1（100）	0.000	0.000
P3	SX-2019-003	青海尖扎 Jianzha，Qinghai	N36°6′，E101°42′	2 530	3	H1（100）	0.000	0.000
P4	SX-2019-004	青海贵德 Guide，Qinghai	N35°40′，E101°37′	2 521	5	H1（100）	0.000	0.000
P5	SX-2019-005	青海兴海 Xinghai，Qinghai	N35°51′，E100°13′	3 189	6	H1（100）	0.000	0.000
P6	SX-2019-006	青海兴海 Xinghai，Qinghai	N35°40′，E99°58′	3 298	3	H1（100）	0.000	0.000
P7	SX-2019-007	青海兴海 Xinghai，Qinghai	N35°52′，E99°40′	3 856	3	H3（100）	0.000	0.000
P8	SX-2019-008	青海共和 Gonghe，Qinghai	N36°13′，E100°31′	2 913	4	H1（75），H4（25）	0.500	3.143
P9	SX-2019-009	青海祁连 Qilian，Qinghai	N38°4′，E100°19′	2 914	10	H1（90），H4（10）	0.200	1.257
P10	SX-2019-010	甘肃榆中 Yuzhong，Gansu	N35°46′，E103°59′	2 021	4	H1（100）	0.000	0.000
P11	SX-2020-011	青海海晏 Haiyan，Qinghai	N37°7′，E100°36′	3 326	5	H1（20），H2（80）	0.400	0.193
P12	SX-2020-012	青海刚察 Gangcha，Qinghai	N37°16′，E100°15′	3 256	13	H1（7.7），H2（92.3）	0.154	0.074
P13	SX-2020-013	青海刚察 Gangcha，Qinghai	N37°15′，E100°	3 192	11	H1（27.3），H2（72.7）	0.436	0.211
P14	SX-2020-014	青海共和 Gonghe，Qinghai	N37°4′，E99°29′	3 296	5	H1（100）	0.000	0.000
P15	SX-2020-015	青海德令哈 Delingha，Qinghai	N37°35′，E96°49′	3 478	10	H1（100）	0.000	0.000
P16	SX-2020-016	青海都兰 Dulan，Qinghai	N36°3′，E98°9′	3 483	4	H1（100）	0.000	0.000
P17	SX-2020-017	青海刚察 Gangcha，Qinghai	N37°15′，E100°9′	3 238	10	H1（60），H2（40）	0.533	0.258
P18	SX-2020-018	甘肃临潭 Lintan，Gansu	N34°51′，E103°4′	3 204	10	H1（10），H5（80），H6（10）	0.378	3.525
P19	SX-2020-019	青海刚察 Gangcha，Qinghai	N37°5′，E100°31′	3 219	5	H1（100）	0.000	0.000
P20	SX-2020-020	甘肃张掖 Zhangye，Gansu	N38°57′，E98°15′	3 405	5	H1（100）	0.000	0.000
总计Total					213		3.101	8.903

Table 2

Table 3

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

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单倍型 Haplotype	变异位点 Variable site
	psbA-trnH											rbcL	psbⅠ-psbK
	2 2 9	2 7 1	2 8 4	4 0 1	4 2 2	4 2 3	4 2 4	4 2 5	4 2 6	4 2 7	4 2 8	1 0 8 9	1 7 1 3	1 7 4 0	1 8 1 8	1 8 1 9	1 8 2 0	1 8 2 1	1 8 2 2	1 8 2 3	1 8 2 4	1 8 2 5	1 8 2 6	1 8 2 7	1 9 1 6	1 9 2 2
H1	A	C	A	G	T	—	—	—	—	—	—	A	T	T	A	A	A	T	C	A	C	T	T	T	G	G
H2	A	C	A	G	T	—	—	—	—	—	—	G	T	T	A	A	A	T	C	A	C	T	T	T	G	G
H3	A	C	C	G	T	—	—	—	—	—	—	A	T	T	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	A	G
H4	A	C	A	G	T	—	—	—	—	—	—	A	G	G	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	G	C
H5	A	A	C	T	A	T	T	T	T	A	A	A	T	T	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	G	G
H6	C	C	A	G	T	—	—	—	—	—	—	A	T	T	A	A	A	T	C	A	C	T	T	T	G	G

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	总方差 Sum of square	变异成分 Variance component	变异比例 Percentage of variation
居群间 Among populations	19	164.172	1.326 00Va	68.98
居群内 Within populations	103	61.405	0.596 16Vb	31.02
总计 Total	122	225.577	1.922 16
固定系数 Fixation index（F_ST）	F_ST=0.689 85（P<0.01）

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