Numerical Taxonomy on Saxifraga diversifolia Complex(Saxifragaceae)

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.04.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Saxifraga sect. Ciliatae Haworth belonging to Saxifraga Tourn. ex L. has highly species richness， but phylogenetic relationships within the section have not been well resolved. S. subsect. Hirculoideae Engl. is the largest subsection in sect. Ciliatae， which is mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas. Based on the morphological characteristics， the subsect. of Hirculoideae was divided into three complex group， and the species attaching to the bumped vein at the leaf submarginal was classified to the S. diversifolia complex. Based on specimen inspection， the morphological and distributional data of 657 specimens from 24 species and two varieties were obtained， and 24 morphological characteristics of each specimen were used for principal component analysis and cluster analysis respectively. A total of 443 geographical distribution records was used to construct the distribution pattern of complex group. The cumulative contribution rate of the first seven principal components with an eigenvalues greater than one was low， only 67.748%. Among the characters of ‘cauline leaves petiolate’， ‘proximal median cauline leaves shape’， ‘inflorescence’， ‘proximal median cauline leaves size’， ‘sepal veins confluent at apex’， and ‘base of leaves cordate’， the contribution value of the first three principal components was large 0.6， could be used as the key characters for classification and identification of S. diversifolia complex. Based on morphological clustering and geographical distribution patterns， S. diversifolia complex could be divided into three branches： Himalayan Branch， Mountains Around Sichuan Basin Branch and Hengduan Mountains Branch（Contained a widespread species： S. egregia）， and the result was also supported by PCA.

Key words: Saxifraga diversifolia complex, numerical taxonomy, morphology, distribution

CLC Number:

Q949.751.2

Xiaolei MA, Liukun JIA, Qian CAO, Shilong CHEN, Qingbo GAO. Numerical Taxonomy on Saxifraga diversifolia Complex(Saxifragaceae)[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(4): 536-543.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 2

Taxonomic characteristics and encoding of S. diversifolia complex

序号

No.

性状

Taxonomic characteristics

性状编码

Characteristics encoding

序号

No.

性状

Taxonomic characteristics

性状编码

Characteristics encoding

基生叶花期凋落

Basal leaves absent by anthesis

1.是；2.否

1.Yes；2.No

中下部茎被毛情况

Middle and lower stem pilose

1.腺毛；2.柔毛；3.无毛

1.Glandular；2.Villous；3.Glabrous

基生叶叶基心形

Base of basal leaves cordate

1.是；2.否

1.Yes；2.No

上部茎生叶基部心形

Base of distal cauline leaves cordate

1.是；2.否

1.Yes；2.No

基生叶被毛

Basal leaves pilose

1.腺毛；2.柔毛；3.无毛

1.Glandular；2.Villous；3.Glabrous

花萼反折

Sepals reflexed

1.是；2.否

1.Yes；2.No

中下部茎生叶是否具柄

Proximal median cauline leaves petiolate

1.是；2.否

1.Yes；2.No

萼片被毛情况

Sepals pilose

1.腺毛；2.柔毛；3.无毛

1.Glandular；2.Villous；3.Glabrous

中下部茎生叶基部心形

Proximal median cauline leaves base cordate

1.是；2.否

1.Yes；2.No

萼片边缘是否具睫毛

Margin of sepals ciliiform

1.是；2.否

1.Yes；2.No

中下部茎生叶形态

Proximal median cauline leaves shape

1.卵心；2.椭圆；3.长圆形

1.Ovate；2.Elliptic；3.Oblong

萼片脉纹于先端汇合

Sepal veins confluent at apex

1.是；2.否

1.Yes；2.No

存在茎生叶基部抱茎

At least some cauline leaves amplexicaul

1.是；2.否

1.Yes；2.No

花序形态

Inflorescence

1.单生；2.总状；3.聚伞

1.Monotelic；2.Raceme；3.Cyme

茎生叶是否被毛

Cauline leaves pilose

1.是；2.否

1.Yes；2.No

花梗被毛情况

Pedicel pilose

1.腺毛；2.柔毛；3.无毛

1.Glandular；2.Villous；3.Glabrous

茎生叶边缘是否被毛

Margin of cauline leaves pilose

1.是；2.否

1.Yes；2.No

花梗被毛量

Pedicel pilose degree

1.微被；2.密被；3.无毛

1.Sparse；2.Dense；3.Glabrous

顶端茎生叶被毛情况

Apical cauline leaves pilose

1.腺毛；2.柔毛；3.无毛

1.Glandular；2.Villous；3.Glabrous

花梗被毛长度

Pedicel pilose length

1.长毛；2.短毛；3.无毛

1.Long；2.Short；3.Glabrous

中下部茎生叶大小

Proximal median cauline leaves size

1.短于1.5cm；2.长于1.5cm

1.Less than 1.5 cm；2.At least 1.5 cm

花瓣是否具斑点

Petals spotted

1.是；2.否

1.Yes；2.No

上部茎被毛情况

Upper stem pilose

1.腺毛；2.柔毛；3.无毛

1.Glandular；2.Villous；3.Glabrous

果实形态

Fruit morphology

1.椭球；2.卵球；3.圆球

1.Spheroidicity；2.Ovoid；3.Spherical

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig.1

Fig.2

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编号 Code	物种 Species	标本数量 Number	编号 Code	物种 Species	标本数量 Number
Card	S. cardiophylla Franch.	60	Inso	S. insolens Irmsch.	12
Dian	S. dianxibeiensis J. T. Pan	9	Kingdo	S. kingdonii C. Marquand	2
Diver	S. diversifolia Wall. ex Ser.	79	King	S. kingiana Engl. et Irmsch.	8
Angu	S. diversifolia var. angustibracteata （Engl.et Irmsch.） J.T.Pan	15	Maxi	S. maxionggouensis J. T. Pan	6
Egla	S. eglandulosa Engl.	8	Moor	S. moorcroftiana（Ser.） Wall. ex Sternb.	20
Egre	S. egregia Engl.	128	Omph	S. omphalodifolia Hand. -Mazz.	22
Xiao	S. egregia var. xiaojinensis J. T. Pan	2	Pard	S. pardanthina Hand. -Mazz.	16
Erec	S. erectisepala J. T. Pan	8	Parn	S. parnassiifolia D. Don	16
Gira	S. giraldiana Engl.	43	Prat	S. pratensis Engl. et Irmsch.	16
Glau	S. glaucophylla Franch.	23	Spha	S. sphaeradena H. Smith	7
Hapl	S. haplophylloides Franch.	20	Stel	S. stellariifolia Franch.	40
Hook	S. hookeri Engl. et Irmsch	13	Suba	S. subaequifoliata Irmsch.	48
Impl	S. implicans H. Smith	24	Tigr	S. tigrina H. Smith	1

主成分 Principal component	初始特征值 Initial eigenvalue
主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalue	贡献率 Percent /%	累计贡献率 Cumulative /%
1	4.282	17.842	17.842
2	4.010	16.709	34.551
3	2.573	10.721	45.272
4	1.758	7.324	52.597
5	1.450	6.040	58.636
6	1.144	4.767	63.404
7	1.043	4.344	67.748

性状编号 Characteristics No.	前3个主成分特征向量 Eigenvector of the first three greatest PC			性状编号 Characteristics No.	前3个主成分特征向量 Eigenvector of the first three greatest PC
性状编号 Characteristics No.	PC1	PC2	PC3	性状编号 Characteristics No.	PC1	PC2	PC3
1	-0.493	0.144	0.308	13	-0.059	0.496	0.601
2	0.788	-0.118	0.184	14	-0.128	-0.692	0.429
3	0.068	0.398	0.394	15	0.556	0.330	0.111
4	0.217	0.781	-0.087	16	0.571	0.245	-0.150
5	0.664	-0.307	0.419	17	0.293	-0.264	0.106
6	0.625	0.090	0.321	18	-0.267	-0.803	0.300
7	-0.136	-0.730	0.350	19	0.673	-0.190	-0.122
8	-0.015	0.552	0.462	20	0.319	0.075	-0.400
9	-0.006	0.423	0.440	21	-0.124	0.025	0.160
10	0.137	-0.283	-0.042	22	-0.633	0.028	0.390
11	0.769	-0.384	0.029	23	-0.245	0.215	-0.169
12	0.082	0.401	0.329	24	-0.240	0.064	-0.549

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