Floral Phenotypes and Pollen Morphological Characteristics of 13 Species from Calanthe in Tibet

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2021.04.010

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the classification and identification and interspecific relationship of Calanthe， the floral phenotypes and pollen morphological characteristics of 13 species of Calanthe in Tibet were studied. The results showed that： ①the floral color was divided into yellow， yellow-green， yellow-brown and pink， with pink flowers in the majority； ②the inflorescence was raceme， and length and width of various parts of the flower（sepal， petal， labellum， ovary， stigma） showed the difference. The difference of sepal length， petal width， labellum width， and stigma length was the largest， and the P value showed significant differences among various species； ③the pollen masses of these 13 Calanthe species were composed of thousands of single grains， which has no germination hole found， the obvious sticky substance between pollen grains of some species was found. The different size pollen blocks vary shaped mostly oval， oblong， and pear； ④the surface morphological characteristics of pollen blocks in different species were different， the pollen grains were stacked vertically or horizontally， and the shape of the pollen grains were also different； ⑤the appearance differences of pollen grains of different species were obvious， divided into concave type， smooth type， small hole type and perforated type. The results above showed that the flower phenotype and pollen morphological characteristics refer for identification of 13 species of Prairie Calanthe， and played the supplementary role in determining their phylogeny and systematic classification.

Key words: Tibet, Calanthe, floral phenotype, pollen morphology

CLC Number:

S353

Hong-Chi LI, Tian-Yu WU, Li GONG, Jian LUO. Floral Phenotypes and Pollen Morphological Characteristics of 13 Species from Calanthe in Tibet[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2021, 41(4): 547-556.

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1

Table 2

Observation and measurement results compare of 10 species of shrimp spine orchid

编号 Number	萼片长×宽 Speal length×width (mm)	花瓣长×宽 Petal length×width (mm)	唇瓣长×宽 Lip length×width (mm)	子房长×宽 Ovary length×width (mm)	柱头长×宽 Stigma length×width (mm)	花粉块长×宽 Pollinium length×width (mm)
1	11.34±0.052×4.25±0.027	8.83±0.027×4.11±0.018	10.11±0.037×5.07±0.018	3.29±0.023×1.41±0.019	7.21±0.043×3.11±0.016	1.43±0.053×1.21±0.011
2	12.41±0.039×5.71±0.021	11.35±0.031×3.82±0.026	9.58±0.029×4.81±0.036	3.28±0.022×1.37±0.021	6.39±0.035×4.02±0.031	1.12±0.033×0.51±0.024
3	17.11±0.032×4.36±0.033	16.77±0.037×3.57±0.039	9.11±0.033×4.24±0.019	4.27±0.024×2.03±0.016	6.08±0.022×3.13±0.018	1.56±0.064×0.62±0.022
4	17.84±0.044×4.18±0.049	15.54±0.042×3.37±0.031	10.12±0.051×6.02±0.037	3.54±0.017×1.86±0.013	4.31±0.025×2.38±0.019	1.04±0.025×0.47±0.027
5	7.64±0.011×3.69±0.071	7.53±0.042×2.25±0.019	8.44±0.019×4.58±0.031	2.46±0.012×0.92±0.013	3.71±0.017×0.96±0.011	1.07±0.024×0.43±0.017
6	15.61±0.029×6.62±0.023	11.47±0.046×3.84±0.024	9.74±0.042×12.49±0.122	4.17±0.021×2.11±0.019	6.29±0.026×3.52±0.026	1.21±0.037×0.59±0.011
7	16.49±0.081×4.16±0.026	12.49±0.106×4.31±0.022	10.11±0.025×5.29±0.031	4.53±0.024×1.24±0.015	4.22±0.026×1.27±0.018	1.53±0.047×0.79±0.026
8	17.58±0.065×7.94±0.018	14.81±0.036×5.52±0.019	9.26±0.028×4.37±0.019	5.13±0.039×2.13±0.025	7.73±0.031×3.36±0.021	1.26±0.031×0.79±0.019
9	6.14±0.024×2.64±0.022	5.17±0.031×1.62±0.038	3.39±0.034×1.53±0.033	1.54±0.059×0.37±0.016	3.22±0.027×1.04±0.013	0.51±0.032×0.48±0.015
10	7.62±0.031×3.56±0.018	6.18±0.047×1.39±0.033	1.64±0.029×2.58±0.014	2.41±0.013×0.73±0.012	2.23±0.021×1.42±0.016	0.74±0.022×0.29±0.014
11	18.57±0.026×7.31±0.042	17.53±0.039×9.62±0.047	5.43±0.028×2.16±0.014	4.27±0.019×1.63±0.014	5.22±0.031×3.37±0.013	1.62±0.031×0.51±0.023
12	15.17±0.022×5.82±0.019	11.37±0.028×4.12±0.017	7.49±0.042×5.34±0.021	3.66±0.018×2.46±0.019	5.26±0.023×3.12±0.026	1.03±0.022×0.46±0.017
13	11.46±0.028×4.28±0.021	9.21±0.017×3.41±0.022	8.21±0.027×4.18±0.020	2.39±0.017×1.75±0.022	7.21±0.026×2.81±0.018	1.16±0.021×0.48±0.022

Table 2

Table 3

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编号 Number	种名 Species	采集地点 Locality	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	海拔 Elevation(m)
1	棒距虾脊兰Calanthe clavata	波密县通麦镇	95°04′19.24″E	30°05′52.34″N	2 044
2	车前虾脊兰Calanthe plantaginea	墨脱县达木乡	95°27′44.36″E	29°29′40.48″N	1 558
3	反瓣虾脊兰Calanthe reflexa	林芝县排龙乡	95°01′15.42″E	30°01′18.89″N	1 882
4	弧距虾脊兰Calanthe arcuata	察隅县扎拉村	97°21′21.16″E	28°37′16.24″N	2 190
5	剑叶虾脊兰Calanthe davidii	墨脱县格当乡	95°40′08.18E″	29°26′25.04″N	1 911
6	三棱虾脊兰Calanthe tricarinata	察隅县下察隅	95°29′07.29″E	29°39′14.56″N	2 167
7	肾唇虾脊兰Calanthe brevicornu	察隅县扎拉村	97°21′21.68″E	28°37′16.24″N	2 190
8	通麦虾脊兰Calanthe griffithii	察隅县扎拉村	94°54′28.11″E	29°59′38.12″N	2 754
9	无距虾脊兰Calanthe tsoongian	波密县通麦镇	95°04′19.24″E	30°05′52.34″N	2 044
10	细花虾脊兰Calanthe mannii	波密县通麦镇	95°40′8.184″E	29°26′25.044″N	1 905
11	长距虾脊兰Calanthe sylvatica	墨脱县达木乡	95°27′44.36″E	29°29′40.848″N	1 558
12	镰萼虾脊兰Calanthe puberula	林芝县排龙乡	95°01′15.42″E	30°01′18.89″N	1 882
13	西南虾脊兰Calanthe herbacea	墨脱县格当乡	95°40′08.18E″	29°26′25.04″N	1 911

编号 Number	萼片长 Speal length	萼片宽 Speal width	花瓣长 Petal length	花瓣宽 Petal width	唇瓣长 Lip length	唇瓣宽 Lip width	子房长 Ovary length	子房宽 Ovary width	柱头长 Stigma length	柱头宽 Stigma width	花粉块长 Pollinium length	花粉块宽 Pollinium width
1	0.013	0.024	0.178	0.054	0.132	0.018	0.183	0.217	0.043	0.077	0.113	0.447
2	0.107	0.124	0.169	0.013	0.468	0.107	0.213	0.242	0.023	0.029	0.273	0.378
3	0.015	0.283	—	0.043	0.847	0.035	0.236	0.011	0.017	0.216	0.252	0.242
4	0.029	0.173	0.238	0.037	0.374	0.042	0.174	0.041	0.047	0.469	0.193	0.179
5	0.014	0.119	0.442	0.081	0.276	0.011	0.113	0.146	0.028	0.141	—	0.419
6	0.032	0.271	0.476	0.049	0.101	0.038	0.193	0.028	0.041	0.252	—	0.278
7	0.042	0.198	0.081	0.047	0.019	0.027	0.029	0.157	0.019	0.284	0.217	0.258
8	0.049	0.037	0.237	0.044	0.722	0.035	0.211	0.022	0.011	0.157	0.262	—
9	0.121	0.225	0.173	0.057	0.713	0.017	0.171	0.097	0.039	0.192	0.179	0.272
10	0.193	0.073	0.018	0.081	0.038	0.022	0.463	0.009	0.034	0.127	0.294	0.198
11	0.027	0.113	0.188	0.125	0.464	0.109	0.255	0.211	0.015	0.223	—	0.247
12	0.039	0.083	0.157	0.049	0.435	0.048	0.371	0.289	0.041	0.177	0.242	0.236
13	0.017	0.104	0.188	0.025	0.257	0.017	0.422	0.158	0.031	0.152	0.338	0.303

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