Characteristics of Apocynum venetum Community and Its Relationship to Climatic Factors

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.03.014

Abstract

Abstract:

Apocynum venetum is an important wild germplasm resource in China， and understanding the characteristics of A. venetum community and its relationship with environmental factors is of great significance for the protection and rational development and utilization of A. venetum germplasm resources. The wild A. venetum distributed in Jinta County， Minqin County， Hangjinqi， Zhaluteqi， and Baicheng City were used as materials. Based on the community composition and habitat characteristics， the biodiversity and its relationship with climate factors， and environmental factors affecting the changes in A. venetum communities were analyzed respectively. The results showed that： the species diversity of the five plots from high to low was Zhaluteqi， Minqin County， Baicheng City， Jinta County， Hangjinqi， with Zhaluteqi having the highest biodiversity（H=2.591， D=2.511， E=0.796， R₁=44.833， R₂=6.423）， and Hangjinqi had the lowest biodiversity（H=1.173， D=0.915， E=0.564， R₁=3.641， R₂=1.968）. The species diversity of A. venetum community was closely related to precipitation， temperature and evaporation， especially the Gleason and Margalef index were significantly positively correlated with precipitation in May， June and July， indicating that precipitation during the growing season was important to community species diversity.

Key words: Apocynum venetum, community characteristics, climatic factors, redundancy analysis（RDA）

CLC Number:

S563.7

Xi ZHEN, Xuyang LIU, Wenjie LI, Feng ZHANG, Yue SU, Yao XIAO, Jie ZHANG, Tao WAN. Characteristics of Apocynum venetum Community and Its Relationship to Climatic Factors[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(3): 448-458.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 2

Species composition of A. venetum community

科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species	生活型 Life form
菊科 Asteraceae	花花柴属Karelinia	花花柴Karelinia caspia	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	莴苣属Lactuca	乳苣Lactuca tatarica	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	蒿属Artemisia	艾Artemisia argyi	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	蒿属Artemisia	茵陈蒿Artemisia capillaris	半灌木Subshrub
	蒿属Artemisia	狭叶青蒿Artemisia dracunculus	半灌木Subshrub
	蒿属Artemisia	青蒿Artemisia caruifolia	一年生草本Annual herbaceous
	苦苣菜属Sonchus	苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus	一年生或二年生草本Annual or biennial herb
	猫儿菊属Hypochaeris	猫儿菊Hypochaeris ciliata	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	鸦葱属Takhtajaniantha	鸦葱Takhtajaniantha austriaca	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	蒿属Artemisia	铁杆蒿Artemisia gmelinii	半灌木Subshrub
	蒿属Artemisia	猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia	多年生草本或近一、二年生草本 Perennial herbaceous or annual herbaceous
	火绒草属Leontopodium	火绒草Leontopodium leontopodioides	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	小苦荬属Ixeris	山苦荬Ixeris chinensis	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
禾本科 Poaceae	穇属Eleusine	牛筋草Eleusine indica	一年生草本Annual herbaceous
	芦苇属Phragmites	芦苇Phragmites australis	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	赖草属Leymus	羊草Leymus chinensis	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	雀麦属Bromus	无芒雀麦Bromus inermis	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	画眉草属Eragrostis	画眉草Eragrostis pilosa	一年生草本Annual herbaceous
	狗尾草属Setaria	狗尾草Setaria viridis	一年生草本Annual herbaceous
	隐子草属Cleistogenes	无芒隐子草Cleistogenes songorica	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	虎尾草属Chloris	虎尾草Chloris virgata	一年生草本Annual herbaceous
	隐子草属Cleistogenes	糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	马唐属Digitaria	止血马唐Digitaria ischaemum	一年生草本Annual herbaceous
	隐子草属Cleistogenes	中华隐子草Cleistogenes hackelii	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	针茅属Stipa	大针茅Stipa grandis	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
豆科 Leguminosae	甘草属Glycyrrhiza	甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	胡枝子属Lespedeza	胡枝子Lespedeza bicolor	灌木Shrub
	胡枝子属Lespedeza	达乌里胡枝子Lespedeza davurica	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	草木樨属Melilotus	黄花草木樨Melilotus officinalis	二年生草本Biennial herb
	野豌豆属Vicia	野豌豆Vicia sepium	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	野豌豆属Vicia	歪头菜Vicia unijuga	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	骆驼刺属Alhagi	骆驼刺Alhagi camelorum	半灌木Subshrub
	苜蓿属Medicago	紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	槐属Sophora	苦豆子Sophora alopecuroides	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	猪毛菜属Salsola	猪毛菜Salsola collina	一年生草本Annual herbaceous
	地肤属Kochia	地肤Bassia scoparia	一年生草本Annual herbaceous
	藜属Chenopodium	藜Chenopodium album	一年生草本Annual herbaceous
	藜属Chenopodium	灰绿藜Oxybasis glauca	一年生草本Annual herbaceous
	雾冰藜属Bassia	雾冰藜Grubovia dasyphylla	一年生草本Annual herbaceous
	滨藜属Atriplex	西伯利亚滨藜Atriplex sibirica	一年生草本Annual herbaceous
	虫实属Corispermum	兴安虫实Corispermum chinganicum	一年生草本Annual herbaceous
	虫实属Corispermum	华虫实Corispermum stauntonii	一年生草本Annual herbaceous
	藜属Chenopodium	尖头叶藜Chenopodium acuminatum	一年生草本Annual herbaceous
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	委陵菜属Potentilla	菊叶委陵菜Potentilla tanacetifolia	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	委陵菜属Potentilla	委陵菜Potentilla chinensis	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
茄科 Solanaceae	枸杞属Lycium	宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum	灌木Shrub
牻牛儿苗科 Geraniaceae	老鹳草属Geranium	老鹳草Geranium wilfordii	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
牻牛儿苗科 Geraniaceae	牻牛儿苗属Erodium	牻牛儿苗Erodium stephanianum	一年生或二年生草本Annual or biennial herb
百合科 Liliaceae	葱属Allium	山韭Allium senescens	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
百合科 Liliaceae	知母属Anemarrhena	知母Anemarrhena asphodeloides	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
莎草科 Cyperaceae	薹草属Carex	橘红薹草Carex testacea	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	薹草属Carex	脚薹草Carex pediformis	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
	薹草属Carex	寸草Carex duriuscula	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
十字花科 Brassicaceae	独行菜属Lepidium	独行菜Lepidium apetalum	一年生或二年生草本Annual or biennial herb
旋花科 Convolvulaceae	虎掌藤属Ipomoea	牵牛Ipomoea nil	一年生草本Annual herbaceous
旋花科 Convolvulaceae	旋花属Convolvulus	银灰旋花Convolvulus ammannii	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
萝藦科 Asclepiadaceae	鹅绒藤属Cynanchum	地梢瓜Cynanchum thesioides	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
葡萄科 Vitaceae	地锦属Parthenocissus	地锦 Parthenocissus tricuspidata	一年生草本Annual herbaceous
夹竹桃科 Apocynaceae	罗布麻属Apocynum	罗布麻Apocynum venetum	半灌木Subshrub
紫草科 Boraginaceae	砂引草属Messerschmidia	砂引草Tournefortia sibirica	多年生草本Perennial herbaceous
蒺藜科 Zygophyllaceae	蒺藜属Tribulus	蒺藜Tribulus terrestris	一年生草本Annual herbaceous

Table 2

Table 3

Dominance of main plants in A. venetum community

样地 Plot	物种名称 Species	相对高度 Relative height	相对频度 Relative frequency	相对多度 Relative abundance	相对盖度 Relative cover	优势度 Dominance
金塔县 Jinta County	牛筋草Eleusine indica	8.14	17.86	59.92	35.81	30.43
	罗布麻Apocynum venetum	13.48	32.14	12.81	40.35	24.70
	花花柴Karelinia caspia	8.78	14.29	9.09	12.10	11.06
	艾Artemisia argyi	13.52	7.14	12.40	6.98	10.01
	藜Chenopodium album	10.29	7.14	1.24	1.15	4.96
	牵牛Ipomoea nil	11.05	3.57	0.83	0.04	3.87
	紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa	9.62	3.57	0.83	0.65	3.67
	甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis	8.02	3.57	0.83	1.55	3.49
	乳苣Lactuca tatarica	5.52	3.57	1.24	1.05	2.85
	地肤Bassia scoparia	7.13	3.57	0.41	0.23	2.84
	猪毛菜Salsola collina	4.46	3.57	0.41	0.10	2.13
民勤县 Minqin County	芦苇Phragmites australis	18.64	9.89	36.10	25.46	22.53
	罗布麻Apocynum venetum	21.61	9.89	5.11	14.02	12.66
	画眉草Eragrostis pilosa	7.99	9.89	6.07	10.82	8.69
	苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus	4.05	9.89	7.51	8.09	7.39
	虎尾草Chloris virgata	6.41	3.30	3.04	6.21	4.74
	灰绿藜Oxybasis glauca	5.02	7.69	4.31	2.07	4.77
	蒺藜Tribulus terrestris	6.41	5.49	4.31	0.29	4.13
	无芒隐子草Cleistogenes songorica	5.80	6.59	7.35	5.76	6.37
	狗尾草Setaria viridis	6.48	9.89	6.39	7.51	7.57
	猪毛菜Salsola collina	7.60	7.69	6.23	1.83	5.84
	西伯利亚滨藜Atriplex sibirica	4.95	9.89	7.35	7.05	7.31
	雾冰藜Grubovia dasyphylla	1.88	9.89	6.23	10.99	7.25
杭锦旗 Hangjinqi	芦苇Phragmites australis	26.95	31.03	57.01	55.01	42.50
	乳苣Lactuca tatarica	4.37	20.69	24.18	26.64	18.97
	罗布麻Apocynum venetum	11.65	20.69	4.03	9.71	11.52
	苦豆子Sophora alopecuroides	12.67	6.90	1.15	4.08	6.20
	黄花草木樨Melilotus officinalis	18.01	3.45	0.19	0.49	5.54
	宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum	9.80	3.45	0.38	2.25	3.97
	猪毛菜Salsola collina	5.78	6.90	0.77	0.43	3.47
扎鲁特旗 Zhaluteqi	罗布麻Apocynum venetum	19.07	10.00	15.24	4.29	12.15
	芦苇Phragmites australis	11.40	10.00	17.90	3.07	10.59
	大针茅 Stipa grandis	14.94	7.78	4.00	11.04	9.44
	羊草Leymus chinensis	5.31	8.89	16.95	4.90	9.01
	猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia	1.55	8.89	5.71	13.49	7.41
	脚薹草Carex pediformis	8.26	3.33	3.43	9.20	6.05
	中华隐子草Cleistogenes hackelii	4.72	6.67	2.86	6.13	5.09
	止血马唐Digitaria ischaemum	1.10	3.33	9.52	6.13	5.02
	达乌里胡枝子Lespedeza davurica	3.24	6.67	2.29	3.68	3.97
	华虫实Corispermum stauntonii	1.06	1.11	4.76	6.13	3.27
	银灰旋花Convolvulus ammannii	2.36	2.22	1.33	4.90	2.70
	火绒草Leontopodium leontopodioides	1.77	3.33	2.29	3.07	2.61
	知母Anemarrhena asphodeloides	2.56	1.11	0.38	6.13	2.54
	地锦Parthenocissus tricuspidata	0.39	4.44	2.67	1.84	2.34
	狗尾草Setaria viridis	1.20	4.44	1.90	0.61	2.04
	山韭Allium senescens	3.54	1.11	0.38	3.07	2.02
	尖头叶藜Chenopodium acuminatum	0.63	2.22	2.29	2.45	1.90
	寸草Carex duriuscula	2.56	2.22	0.95	1.84	1.89
	砂引草Tournefortia sibirica	2.20	2.22	1.14	1.84	1.85
	猪毛菜Salsola collina	3.72	1.11	0.19	1.84	1.71
	虎尾草Chloris virgata	1.36	2.22	1.71	1.23	1.63
	糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa	0.90	2.22	0.95	1.23	1.33
	地梢瓜Cynanchum thesioides	2.60	1.11	0.19	0.61	1.13
	山苦荬Ixeris chinensis	1.77	1.11	0.19	0.06	0.78
	兴安虫实Corispermum chinganicum	0.83	1.11	0.57	0.61	0.78
	牻牛儿苗Erodium stephanianum	0.96	1.11	0.19	0.61	0.72
白城市 Baicheng City	芦苇Phragmites australis	5.40	13.73	6.20	53.10	19.60
	罗布麻Apocynum venetum	5.29	17.65	41.94	4.66	17.38
	茵陈蒿Artemisia capillaris	4.97	15.69	10.12	30.29	15.27
	青蒿Artemisia caruifolia	6.60	7.84	18.39	1.31	8.53
	野豌豆Vicia sepium	5.10	5.88	8.68	1.84	5.37
	铁杆蒿Artemisia gmelinii	6.95	5.88	5.99	0.65	4.87
	羊草Leymus chinensis	5.56	9.80	2.48	0.12	4.49
	胡枝子Lespedeza bicolor	5.55	5.88	0.62	2.88	3.73
	鸦葱Takhtajaniantha austriaca	3.69	3.92	0.41	2.84	2.72
	猫儿菊Hypochaeris ciliata	2.52	5.88	1.65	0.19	2.56
	无芒雀麦Bromus inermis	7.60	1.96	0.21	0.11	2.47
	苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus	1.95	3.92	0.62	0.82	1.83
	委陵菜Potentilla chinensis	1.81	1.96	0.62	1.19	1.40

Table 3

Table 4

Fig.1

Table 5

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序号 No.	调查地点 Investigation site	纬度 Latitude（N）	经度 Longitude（E）	海拔 Altitude/m	降水量 Precipitation/ mm	蒸发量 Evaporation/ mm	土壤类型 Soil type	植被类型 Vegetation type
1	甘肃省金塔县 Jinta County，Gansu	40°19′	99°27′	1 100	62.9	2 538.6	灰棕漠土 Grey brown desert soil	荒漠植被 Desert vegetation
2	甘肃省民勤县 Minqin County，Gansu	38°35′	102°58′	1 370	113.2	2 675.6	灰棕漠土 Grey brown desert soil	荒漠植被 Desert vegetation
3	内蒙古杭锦旗 Hangjinqi，Inner Mongolia	40°35′	108°44′	1 010	277.2	2 486.0	栗钙土 Chestnut soil	荒漠草原 Desert steppe
4	内蒙古扎鲁特旗 Zhaluteqi，Inner Mongolia	44°34′	120°57′	290	411.2	1 800.0	草甸土 Meadow soil	灌丛草原植被 Shrub grassland vegetation
5	吉林省白城市 Baicheng City，Jilin	45°47′	123°0′	140	416.2	1 747.2	草甸土 Meadow soil	草甸草原 Grassland vegetation

样地 Plot	物种多样性（H） Shannon-Wiener	生态优势度（D） Simpson	丰富度指数（R₁） Gleason	丰富度指数（R₂） Margalef	均匀度指数（E） Pielou
P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
金塔县Jinta County	1.333	0.917	5.006	2.552	0.556
民勤县Minqin County	2.283	2.516	5.461	2.826	0.919
杭锦旗Hangjinqi	1.173	0.915	3.641	1.968	0.564
扎鲁特旗Zhaluteqi	2.591	2.511	11.833	6.423	0.796
白城市Baicheng City	1.818	1.568	9.558	5.672	0.597

环境因子 Environmental factor	物种多样性 Shannon-Wiener（H）	生态优势度 Simpson（D）	丰富度指数 Gleason（R₁）	丰富度指数 Margalef（R₂）	均匀度指数 Pielou（E）
年平均气温Annual average temperature	-0.578	-0.449	-0.296	-0.448	-0.776
气温年较差Annual temperature range	0.968**	0.765	0.684	0.860	0.610
平均相对湿度Average relative humidity	0.499	0.384	0.554	0.495	0.757
5月平均气温Average temperature in May	0.627	0.718	0.202	0.580	-0.159
5月降水量Precipitation in May	0.793	0.856	0.275	0.705	0.118
6月平均气温Average temperature in June	-0.160	-0.152	-0.175	-0.155	-0.537
6月降水量Precipitation in June	0.966**	0.876	0.549	0.853	0.583
7月平均气温Average temperature in July	0.516	0.579	0.308	0.533	-0.259
7月降水量Precipitation in July	0.460	0.537	-0.220	0.282	0.029
8月平均气温Average temperature in August	-0.251	-0.219	0.045	-0.127	-0.545
8月降水量Precipitation in August	0.739	0.727	0.234	0.601	0.506
9月平均气温Average temperature in September	0.123	0.243	0.107	0.205	-0.559
9月降水量Precipitation in September	-0.638	-0.572	-0.408	-0.597	0.005
年平均降水量Annual average precipitation	0.677	0.713	0.141	0.545	0.388
有机质含量Soil organic content	0.315	0.678	0.509	0.577	-0.179
速效磷含量Available phosphorus content	-0.296	-0.643	-0.537	-0.565	0.136
速效钾含量Available potasium content	0.524	0.595	0.818	0.703	0.419
pH	0.643	0.353	0.805	0.629	0.699
电导率Electrical conductivity	-0.129	-0.186	0.269	-0.036	0.446

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