Abstract: By means of scanning electron microscope observation of the fern sporange and the fern leaf epidermis from different familial and habitats inHeilongjiang Province.It is found that, under the scanning electron microscope, more morphological characters and more detailed and steady features can be observed, This can be considered as a modernmethod for fern phylogenetic classification.The method can be applied to classify more efficiently those generic that is hard to be identified.It is also found that the morphological structure of the ferns is in harmony with its living environment.

Key words: Fern, Sporange, Leaf epidermis, SEM